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Gouveia-Eufrasio L, de Freitas GJC, Costa MC, Peres-Emidio EC, Carmo PHF, Rodrigues JGM, de Rezende MC, Rodrigues VF, de Brito CB, Miranda GS, de Lima PA, da Silva LMV, Oliveira JBS, da Paixão TA, da Glória de Souza D, Fagundes CT, Peres NTDA, Negrão-Correa DA, Santos DA. The Th2 Response and Alternative Activation of Macrophages Triggered by Strongyloides venezuelensis Is Linked to Increased Morbidity and Mortality Due to Cryptococcosis in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:968. [PMID: 37888224 PMCID: PMC10607621 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that causes pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Strongyloidiasis is a chronic gastrointestinal infection caused by parasites of the genus Strongyloides. Cryptococcosis and strongyloidiasis affect the lungs and are more prevalent in the same world regions, i.e., Africa and tropical countries such as Brazil. It is undeniable that those coincidences may lead to the occurrence of coinfections. However, there are no studies focused on the interaction between Cryptococcus spp. and Strongyloides spp. In this work, we aimed to investigate the interaction between Strongyloides venezuelensis (Sv) and Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) in a murine coinfection model. Murine macrophage exposure to Sv antigens reduced their ability to engulf Cg and produce reactive oxygen species, increasing the ability of fungal growth intracellularly. We then infected mice with both pathogens. Sv infection skewed the host's response to fungal infection, increasing lethality in a murine coinfection model. In addition to increased NO levels and arginase activity, coinfected mice presented a classic Th2 anti-Sv response: eosinophilia, higher levels of alternate activated macrophages (M2), increased concentrations of CCL24 and IL-4, and lower levels of IL-1β. This milieu favored fungal growth in the lungs with prominent translocation to the brain, increasing the host's tissue damage. In conclusion, our data shows that primary Sv infection promotes Th2 bias of the pulmonary response to Cg-infection and worsens its pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gouveia-Eufrasio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Marliete Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Eluzia Castro Peres-Emidio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - João Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Michelle Carvalho de Rezende
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Vanessa Fernandes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Camila Bernardo de Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.d.G.d.S.); (C.T.F.)
| | - Guilherme Silva Miranda
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Pâmela Aparecida de Lima
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (T.A.d.P.)
| | - Lívia Mara Vitorino da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Jefferson Bruno Soares Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (T.A.d.P.)
| | - Tatiane Alves da Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (T.A.d.P.)
| | - Daniele da Glória de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.d.G.d.S.); (C.T.F.)
| | - Caio Tavares Fagundes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.d.G.d.S.); (C.T.F.)
| | - Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Correa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
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Magalhães VCR, Colombo SA, Freitas GJC, Moura AS, Vieira FCL, Lyon AC, Azevedo MI, Peres NTDA, Santos DA. Late Diagnosis of Disseminated Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection with Bone Marrow Involvement in an HIV-Negative Patient. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121516. [PMID: 36558850 PMCID: PMC9781367 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease that causes symptoms similar to those of other infectious and non-infectious diseases, making diagnosis difficult and challenging. Here, we report a case of an HIV-negative patient presenting disseminated sporotrichosis with widespread cutaneous lesions mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum, with bone marrow infection, pancytopenia, and hemophagocytic syndrome. However, all the clinical manifestations and a bacterial coinfection delayed the request for a fungal diagnosis. Therefore, sporotrichosis should always be investigated in patients from endemic areas presenting with widespread cutaneous lesions associated with pancytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Caroline Randi Magalhães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Salene Angelini Colombo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota Freitas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sampaio Moura
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cardoso Lopez Vieira
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Lyon
- Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), R. Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (N.T.d.A.P.); (D.A.S.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2760 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2758 (D.A.S.); Fax: +55-31-3409-2733 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2733 (D.A.S.)
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (N.T.d.A.P.); (D.A.S.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-2760 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2758 (D.A.S.); Fax: +55-31-3409-2733 (N.T.d.A.P.); +55-31-3409-2733 (D.A.S.)
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Gouveia-Eufrasio L, Ribeiro NQ, Santos JRA, da Costa MC, Emídio ECP, de Freitas GJC, do Carmo PHF, Miranda BA, de Oliveira JCMD, da Silva LMV, Teixeira Leocádio VA, Randi Magalhães VC, Penido I, Pereira LS, Rabelo LF, de Almeida Faria FA, Teixeira Dutra MR, Aspahan M, de Paula L, da Silva DI, Tavares Melo MG, de Andrade Zambelli VA, Gomes Faraco AA, da Costa César I, Alves GP, da Cunha Melo LF, de Aguiar Peres NT, Santos DA. Randomized, phase 1/2, double-blind pioglitazone repositioning trial combined with antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis - PIO study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100745. [PMID: 33997457 PMCID: PMC8099743 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis affects more than 220,000 patients/year, with high mortality even when the standard treatment [amphotericin B (AMB), 5-flucytosin (5-FC) and fluconazole] is used. AMB presents high toxicity and 5-FC is not currently available in Brazil. In a pre-clinical study, pioglitazone (PIO - an antidiabetic drug) decreased AMB toxicity and lead to an increased mice survival, reduced morbidity and fungal burden in brain and lungs. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PIO combined with standard antifungal treatment for human cryptococcosis. Methods A phase 1/2, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial will be performed with patients from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. They will be divided into three groups (placebo, PIO 15 mg/day or PIO 45 mg/day) and will receive an additional pill during the induction phase of cryptococcosis' treatment. Our hypothesis is that treated patients will have increased survival, so the primary outcome will be the mortality rate. Patients will be monitored for survival, side effects, fungal burden and inflammatory mediators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The follow up will occur for up 60 days. Conclusions We expect that PIO will be an adequate adjuvant to the standard cryptococcosis' treatment. Trial registration ICTRP/WHO (and International Clinical Trial Registry Plataform (ICTRP/WHO) (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=RBR-9fv3f4), RBR-9fv3f4 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9fv3f4). UTN Number: U1111-1226-1535. Ethical approvement number: CAAE 17377019.0.0000.5149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gouveia-Eufrasio
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Noelly Queiroz Ribeiro
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marliete Carvalho da Costa
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elúzia Castro Peres Emídio
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Alves Miranda
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Maia Dornelas de Oliveira
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Vitorino da Silva
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Teixeira Leocádio
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Caroline Randi Magalhães
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Indiara Penido
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Soares Pereira
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Frota Rabelo
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Rita Teixeira Dutra
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maíra Aspahan
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludmila de Paula
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dirce Inês da Silva
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gregory Tavares Melo
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabela da Costa César
- Departamento de produtos farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Glauciene Prado Alves
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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da Silva LG, Martins MP, Sanches PR, Peres NTDA, Martinez-Rossi NM, Rossi A. Saline stress affects the pH-dependent regulation of the transcription factor PacC in the dermatophyte Trichophyton interdigitale. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1585-1591. [PMID: 32519213 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal growth and development depend on adaptation to the particular pH of their environment. Ambient pH sensing implies the activation of the pacC signaling pathway, which then acts as a critical regulator for different physiological conditions. The PacC transcription factor may also be associated with the control of salt stress tolerance. In a pH-dependent manner, salinity stress is surpassed by changes in gene expression and coordinated activation of other signaling pathways, thus permitting survival in the challenging environment. In this study, we assessed the regulatory role of Trichophyton interdigitale PacC in response to pH variation and salinity stress. By employing gene expression analysis, we evaluated the influence of PacC in the modulation of salt stress-related genes, including the transcription factors crz1, egr2, and the MAP kinase hog1 in the dermatophyte T. interdigitale. In our analysis, we also included the evaluation of a potassium/sodium efflux P-type ATPase aiming to identify the role of PacC on its ion pumping activity. Here we demonstrated that salinity stress and buffered pH conditions might affect the pacC gene modulation in the dermatophyte T. interdigitale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gomes da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Pompeu Martins
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rodrigo Sanches
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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Peres NTDA, Cunha LCS, Barbosa MLA, Santos MB, de Oliveira FA, de Jesus AMR, de Almeida RP. Infection of Human Macrophages by Leishmania infantum Is Influenced by Ecto-Nucleotidases. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1954. [PMID: 29379503 PMCID: PMC5770793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidase activity is involved in the infection process of Leishmania and various other parasites that enables modulation of host immune responses to promote disease progression. One of the enzymes responsible for this activity is the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase). The enzyme hydrolyzes nucleotides tri- and/or di-phosphate into monophosphate products, which are subsequently hydrolyzed into adenosine. These nucleotides can serve as purinergic signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular processes that govern immune responses. Given the importance of the extracellular metabolism of these nucleotides during intracellular pathogen infections, this study evaluates the role of ecto-nucleotidase activity during Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) infection in human macrophages. E-NTPDase protein expression and activity was evaluated in L. infantum during purine starvation, adenosine-enriched medium, or in the presence of an inhibitor of ecto-nucleotidases. Results show that E-NTPDase is expressed in L. infantum parasites, including on the cell membrane. Furthermore, functional activity of the enzyme was modulated according to the availability of adenosine in the medium. Purine starvation increased the hydrolytic capacity of nucleotides leading to higher infectivity, while growth in adenosine-enriched medium led to lower infectivity. Moreover, inhibiting E-NTPDase function decreased L. infantum infection in macrophages, suggesting the enzyme may serve as a ligand. Taken together, the ability of L. infantum to hydrolyze nucleotides is directly associated with increased infectivity in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Luana Celina Seraphim Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Meirielly Lima Almeida Barbosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bezerra Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Alvise de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Amélia Maria Ribeiro de Jesus
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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6
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Peres NTDA, Silva LGD, Santos RDS, Jacob TR, Persinoti GF, Rocha LB, Falcão JP, Rossi A, Martinez-Rossi NM. In vitro and ex vivo infection models help assess the molecular aspects of the interaction of Trichophyton rubrum with the host milieu. Med Mycol 2016; 54:420-7. [PMID: 26768373 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are fungal pathogens that cause cutaneous infections such as onychomycosis and athlete's foot in both healthy and immunocompromised patients.Trichophyton rubrum is the most prevalent dermatophyte causing human nail and skin infections worldwide, and because of its anthropophilic nature, animal infection models are limited. The purpose of this work was to compare the expression profile of T. rubrum genes encoding putative virulence factors during growth in ex vivo and in vitro infection models. The efficiency of the ex vivo skin infection model was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the conidia had produced hyphae that penetrated into the epidermis. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of some genes is modulated in response to the infection model used, as compared to that observed in cells grown in glucose-containing media. We concluded that ex vivo infection models help assess the molecular aspects of the interaction of T. rubrum with the host milieu, and thus provide insights into the modulation of genes during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Gomes da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rinaldi Jacob
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Felix Persinoti
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, 38025-180, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
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7
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Persinoti GF, de Aguiar Peres NT, Jacob TR, Rossi A, Vêncio RZ, Martinez-Rossi NM. RNA-sequencing analysis of Trichophyton rubrum transcriptome in response to sublethal doses of acriflavine. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 7:S1. [PMID: 25573029 PMCID: PMC4243288 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s7-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is an anthropophilic filamentous fungus that infects keratinized tissues and is the most common etiologic agent isolated in human dermatophytoses. The clinical treatment of these infections is challenging because only few antifungal drugs are commercially available. To understand the mode of action of cytotoxic drugs against fungi, we evaluated the time-dependent effects of acriflavine on T. rubrum transcriptome using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis generated approximately 200 million short reads that were mapped to the Broad Institute's Dermatophyte Comparative Database before differential gene expression analysis was performed. By employing a stringent cut-off threshold of -1.5 and 1.5 log₂-fold changes in gene expression, a subset of 490 unique genes were found to be modulated in T. rubrum in response to acriflavine exposure. Among the selected genes, 69 genes were modulated at all exposure time points. Functional categorization indicated the putative involvement of these genes in various cellular processes such as oxidation-reduction reaction, transmembrane transport, and metal ion binding. Interestingly, genes putatively involved in the pathogenicity of dermatophytoses were down-regulated suggesting that this drug interferes with the virulence of T. rubrum. Moreover, we identified 159 novel putative transcripts in intergenic regions and two transcripts in intron regions of T. rubrum genome. CONCLUSION The results provide insights into the molecular events underlying the stress responses of T. rubrum to acriflavine, revealing that this drug interfered with important molecular events involved in the establishment and maintenance of fungal infection in the host. In addition, the identification of novel transcripts will further enable the improvement of gene annotation and open reading frame prediction of T. rubrum and other dermatophyte genomes.
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