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Marasciulli A, Labate L, Tomassini P, Gizzi LA. Signatures of resonantly driven laser-wakefield excitation by a pulse train generated by an optical delay mask. Appl Opt 2023; 62:9368-9374. [PMID: 38108709 DOI: 10.1364/ao.506107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electron plasma waves can be efficiently excited by a resonant train of ultrashort pulses, spatially separated by a plasma wavelength. Generating a pulse train from a single amplified ultrashort pulse may be challenging when dealing with large beams. Here we discuss a pulse splitting technique using a simple delay mask that can be adapted to large diameter petawatt beams. We show via detailed numerical simulations that unique signatures of electrons accelerated by a resonantly excited wakefield can be obtained from realistic focused double-pulse trains obtained from a single-region delay mask.
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Cristoforetti G, Baffigi F, Batani D, Dudzak R, Fedosejevs R, Filippov ED, Gajdos P, Juha L, Khan M, Koester P, Krus M, Mancelli D, Martynenko AS, Nicolai P, Pikuz SA, Renner O, Tentori A, Volpe L, Woolsey N, Zeraouli G, Gizzi LA. Investigation on the origin of hot electrons in laser plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20681. [PMID: 38001120 PMCID: PMC10673912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shock Ignition is a two-step scheme to reach Inertial Confinement Fusion, where the precompressed fuel capsule is ignited by a strong shock driven by a laser pulse at an intensity in the order of [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text]. In this report we describe the results of an experiment carried out at PALS laser facility designed to investigate the origin of hot electrons in laser-plasma interaction at intensities and plasma temperatures expected for Shock Ignition. A detailed time- and spectrally-resolved characterization of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two Plasmon Decay instabilities, as well as of the generated hot electrons, suggest that Stimulated Raman Scattering is the dominant source of hot electrons via the damping of daughter plasma waves. The temperature dependence of laser plasma instabilities was also investigated, enabled by the use of different ablator materials, suggesting that Two Plasmon Decay is damped at earlier times for higher plasma temperatures, accompanied by an earlier ignition of SRS. The identification of the predominant hot electron source and the effect of plasma temperature on laser plasma interaction, here investigated, are extremely useful for developing the mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of hot electrons on the fuel ignition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Baffigi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - R Dudzak
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - P Gajdos
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Khan
- York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
| | - P Koester
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Krus
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Rethymnon, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Greece
| | - A S Martynenko
- JIHT RAS, Moscow, 125412, Russia
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ph Nicolai
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - S A Pikuz
- JIHT RAS, Moscow, 125412, Russia
- NRNU MEPhI, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - O Renner
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - A Tentori
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Woolsey
- York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
| | - G Zeraouli
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L A Gizzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Wasser F, Zähter Ş, Sokol M, Rivers M, Atzeni S, Condamine FP, Cristoforetti G, Fauvel G, Fischer N, Gizzi LA, Hannasch A, Hesse M, Laštovička T, Lutz P, Rubovič P, Schaumann G, Schott N, Singh RL, Theobald W, Weber S, Ditmire T, Forner T, Roth M. Full aperture backscatter diagnostics for characterization of laser plasma instabilities at the extreme light infrastructure (ELI) beamlines. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:093503. [PMID: 37737696 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the commissioning of a full aperture backscatter diagnostics station for the kilojoule, nanosecond high repetition rate L4n laser operating at a wavelength of 527 nm at the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) - Beamlines, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic. Light scattered back from laser-plasma interaction into the cone of the final focusing lens is captured and split into different channels to measure the signatures of laser plasma instabilities from stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, and two plasmon decay with respect to back scattered energy, its spectrum, and its temporal profile. The performance was confirmed in a commissioning experiment with more than 800 shots at laser intensities ranging from 0.5 × 1013 to 1.1 × 1015 W cm-2. These diagnostics are permanently installed at ELI Beamlines, and can be used to understand the details of laser-plasma interactions in experiments with kJ and 527 nm light. The large number of shots that can be collected in an experimental campaign will allow us to study the details of the laser-plasma interaction with a high level of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wasser
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- IU Internationale Hochschule GmbH, Darmstädter Landstrasse 110, 60598 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ş Zähter
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Sokol
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Rivers
- University of Texas, 110 Inner Campus Dr., Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - S Atzeni
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F P Condamine
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | | | - G Fauvel
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - N Fischer
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Hannasch
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Hesse
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Laštovička
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - P Lutz
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Rubovič
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - G Schaumann
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Schott
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R L Singh
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - W Theobald
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Weber
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - T Ditmire
- University of Texas, 110 Inner Campus Dr., Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T Forner
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Focused Energy GmbH, Im Tiefen See 45, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Tamagawa T, Hironaka Y, Kawasaki K, Tanaka D, Idesaka T, Ozaki N, Kodama R, Takizawa R, Fujioka S, Yogo A, Batani D, Nicolai P, Cristoforetti G, Koester P, Gizzi LA, Shigemori K. Development of an experimental platform for the investigation of laser-plasma interaction in conditions relevant to shock ignition regime. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:063505. [PMID: 35778032 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The shock ignition (SI) approach to inertial confinement fusion is a promising scheme for achieving energy production by nuclear fusion. SI relies on using a high intensity laser pulse (≈1016 W/cm2, with a duration of several hundred ps) at the end of the fuel compression stage. However, during laser-plasma interaction (LPI), several parametric instabilities, such as stimulated Raman scattering and two plasmon decay, nonlinearly generate hot electrons (HEs). The whole behavior of HE under SI conditions, including their generation, transport, and final absorption, is still unclear and needs further experimental investigation. This paper focuses on the development of an experimental platform for SI-related experiments, which simultaneously makes use of multiple diagnostics to characterize LPI and HE generation, transport, and energy deposition. Such diagnostics include optical spectrometers, streaked optical shadowgraph, an x-ray pinhole camera, a two-dimensional x-ray imager, a Cu Kα line spectrometer, two hot-electron spectrometers, a hard x-ray (bremsstrahlung) detector, and a streaked optical pyrometer. Diagnostics successfully operated simultaneously in single-shot mode, revealing the features of HEs under SI-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tamagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Hironaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Kawasaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Idesaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Takizawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, University Bordeaux CEA-CNRS, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolai
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, University Bordeaux CEA-CNRS, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Koester
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Koester P, Baffigi F, Cristoforetti G, Labate L, Gizzi LA, Baton S, Koenig M, Colaïtis A, Batani D, Casner A, Raffestin D, Tentori A, Trela J, Rousseaux C, Boutoux G, Brygoo S, Jacquet L, Reverdin C, Le Bel E, Le-Deroff L, Theobald W, Shigemori K. Bremsstrahlung cannon design for shock ignition relevant regime. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:013501. [PMID: 33514221 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optimization of a BremsStrahlung Cannon (BSC) design for the investigation of laser-driven fast electron populations in a shock ignition relevant experimental campaign at the Laser Megajoule-PETawatt Aquitaine Laser facility. In this regime with laser intensities of 1015 W/cm2-1016 W/cm2, fast electrons with energies ≤100 keV are expected to be generated through Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Two Plasmon Decay (TPD) instabilities. The main purpose of the BSC in our experiment is to identify the contribution to x-ray emission from bremsstrahlung of fast electrons originating from SRS and TPD, with expected temperatures of 40 keV and 95 keV, respectively. Data analysis and reconstruction of the distributions of x-ray photons incident on the BSC are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koester
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Baffigi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Baton
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, LULI, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, LULI, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Colaïtis
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Casner
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Tentori
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J Trela
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Rousseaux
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - G Boutoux
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Brygoo
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Jacquet
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Reverdin
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - E Le Bel
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Centre d'études Scientifiques et Techniques d'Aquitaine, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - L Le-Deroff
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Centre d'études Scientifiques et Techniques d'Aquitaine, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Brandi F, Giammanco F, Conti F, Sylla F, Lambert G, Gizzi LA. Note: Real-time monitoring via second-harmonic interferometry of a flow gas cell for laser wakefield acceleration. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:086103. [PMID: 27587174 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of a gas cell as a target for laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) offers the possibility to obtain stable and manageable laser-plasma interaction process, a mandatory condition for practical applications of this emerging technique, especially in multi-stage accelerators. In order to obtain full control of the gas particle number density in the interaction region, thus allowing for a long term stable and manageable LWFA, real-time monitoring is necessary. In fact, the ideal gas law cannot be used to estimate the particle density inside the flow cell based on the preset backing pressure and the room temperature because the gas flow depends on several factors like tubing, regulators, and valves in the gas supply system, as well as vacuum chamber volume and vacuum pump speed/throughput. Here, second-harmonic interferometry is applied to measure the particle number density inside a flow gas cell designed for LWFA. The results demonstrate that real-time monitoring is achieved and that using low backing pressure gas (<1 bar) and different cell orifice diameters (<2 mm) it is possible to finely tune the number density up to the 10(19) cm(-3) range well suited for LWFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brandi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Conti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Sylla
- SourceLAB SAS, 86 Rue de Paris, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - G Lambert
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Tudisco S, Altana C, Lanzalone G, Muoio A, Cirrone GAP, Mascali D, Schillaci F, Brandi F, Cristoforetti G, Ferrara P, Fulgentini L, Koester P, Labate L, Palla D, Gizzi LA. Investigation on target normal sheath acceleration through measurements of ions energy distribution. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02A909. [PMID: 26931970 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An experimental campaign aiming at investigating the ion acceleration mechanisms through laser-matter interaction in femtosecond domain has been carried out at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory facility with a laser intensity of up to 2 × 10(19) W/cm(2). A Thomson parabola spectrometer was used to obtain the spectra of the ions of the different species accelerated. Here, we show the energy spectra of light-ions and we discuss their dependence on structural characteristics of the target and the role of surface and target bulk in the acceleration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tudisco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C Altana
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G Lanzalone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A Muoio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G A P Cirrone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D Mascali
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F Schillaci
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - F Brandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ferrara
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Fulgentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Koester
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Labate
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Palla
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Lanzalone G, Altana C, Anzalone A, Cappuzzello F, Cavallaro M, Gizzi LA, Labate L, Lamia L, Mascali D, Muoio A, Negoita F, Odorici F, Petrascu H, Trifirò A, Trimarchi M, Tudisco S. Study of nuclear reactions in laser plasmas at future ELI-NP facility. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611705008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Booth N, Robinson APL, Hakel P, Clarke RJ, Dance RJ, Doria D, Gizzi LA, Gregori G, Koester P, Labate L, Levato T, Li B, Makita M, Mancini RC, Pasley J, Rajeev PP, Riley D, Wagenaars E, Waugh JN, Woolsey NC. Laboratory measurements of resistivity in warm dense plasmas relevant to the microphysics of brown dwarfs. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8742. [PMID: 26541650 PMCID: PMC4667641 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the observation of the first brown dwarf in 1995, numerous studies have led to a better understanding of the structures of these objects. Here we present a method for studying material resistivity in warm dense plasmas in the laboratory, which we relate to the microphysics of brown dwarfs through viscosity and electron collisions. Here we use X-ray polarimetry to determine the resistivity of a sulphur-doped plastic target heated to Brown Dwarf conditions by an ultra-intense laser. The resistivity is determined by matching the plasma physics model to the atomic physics calculations of the measured large, positive, polarization. The inferred resistivity is larger than predicted using standard resistivity models, suggesting that these commonly used models will not adequately describe the resistivity of warm dense plasma related to the viscosity of brown dwarfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Booth
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A P L Robinson
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - P Hakel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0208, USA
| | - R J Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - R J Dance
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - D Doria
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT1 4NN, UK
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area della Ricerca del CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 3PU, UK
| | - P Koester
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area della Ricerca del CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area della Ricerca del CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - T Levato
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area della Ricerca del CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Li
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - M Makita
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT1 4NN, UK
| | - R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0208, USA
| | - J Pasley
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.,Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D Riley
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT1 4NN, UK
| | - E Wagenaars
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - J N Waugh
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - N C Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK
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11
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Ferrara P, Ciofini M, Esposito L, Hostaša J, Labate L, Lapucci A, Pirri A, Toci G, Vannini M, Gizzi LA. 3-D numerical simulation of Yb:YAG active slabs with longitudinal doping gradient for thermal load effects assessment. Opt Express 2014; 22:5375-5386. [PMID: 24663877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.005375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of Yb:YAG active media slabs, based on a ceramic layered structure with different doping levels. We developed a procedure allowing 3D numerical analysis of the slab optical properties as a consequence of the thermal load induced by the pump process. The simulations are compared with a set of experimental results in order to validate the procedure. These structured ceramics appear promising in appropriate geometrical configurations, and thus are intended to be applied in the construction of High Energy Diode Pumped Solid State Laser (DPSSL) systems working in high repetition-rate pulsed regimes.
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12
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Ceccotti T, Floquet V, Sgattoni A, Bigongiari A, Klimo O, Raynaud M, Riconda C, Heron A, Baffigi F, Labate L, Gizzi LA, Vassura L, Fuchs J, Passoni M, Květon M, Novotny F, Possolt M, Prokůpek J, Proška J, Pšikal J, Štolcová L, Velyhan A, Bougeard M, D'Oliveira P, Tcherbakoff O, Réau F, Martin P, Macchi A. Evidence of resonant surface-wave excitation in the relativistic regime through measurements of proton acceleration from grating targets. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:185001. [PMID: 24237527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.185001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of laser pulses with thin grating targets, having a periodic groove at the irradiated surface, is experimentally investigated. Ultrahigh contrast (~10(12)) pulses allow us to demonstrate an enhanced laser-target coupling for the first time in the relativistic regime of ultrahigh intensity >10(19) W/cm(2). A maximum increase by a factor of 2.5 of the cutoff energy of protons produced by target normal sheath acceleration is observed with respect to plane targets, around the incidence angle expected for the resonant excitation of surface waves. A significant enhancement is also observed for small angles of incidence, out of resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ceccotti
- CEA/IRAMIS/SPAM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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13
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Cristoforetti G, Anania MP, Faenov AY, Giulietti A, Giulietti D, Hansen SB, Koester P, Labate L, Levato T, Pikuz TA, Gizzi LA. Spatially resolved analysis of Kα x-ray emission from plasmas induced by a femtosecond weakly relativistic laser pulse at various polarizations. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:023103. [PMID: 23496627 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved K-shell spectroscopy is used here to investigate the interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse (λ=800 nm, τ=40 fs) with a Ti foil under intense irradiation (Iλ(2)=2×10(18)Wμm(2)cm(-2)) and the following fast electron generation and transport into the target. The effect of laser pulse polarization (p, s, and circular) on the Kα yield and line shape is probed. The radial structure of intensity and width of the lines, obtained by a discretized Abel deconvolution algorithm, suggests an annular distribution of both the hot electron propagation into the target and the target temperature. An accurate modeling of Kα line shapes was performed, revealing temperature gradients, going from a few eV up to 15-20 eV, depending on the pulse polarization. Results are discussed in terms of mechanisms of hot electron generation and of their transport through the preplasma in front of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cristoforetti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Batani D, Malka G, Schurtz G, Ribeyre X, Lebel E, Giuffrida L, Tikhonchuk V, Volpe L, Patria A, Koester P, Labate L, Gizzi LA, Antonelli L, Richetta M, Nejdl J, Sawicka M, Margarone D, Krus M, Krousky E, Skala J, Dudzak R, Velyhan A, Ullshmied J, Renner O, Smid M, Klimo O, Atzeni S, Marocchino A, Schiavi A, Spindloe C, O'Dell T, Vinci T, Wolowski J, Badziak J, Pysarcizck T, Rosinski M, Kalinowska Z, Chodukowski T. Preliminary results from recent experiments and future roadmap to Shock Ignition of Fusion Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/399/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Sarri G, Macchi A, Cecchetti CA, Kar S, Liseykina TV, Yang XH, Dieckmann ME, Fuchs J, Galimberti M, Gizzi LA, Jung R, Kourakis I, Osterholz J, Pegoraro F, Robinson APL, Romagnani L, Willi O, Borghesi M. Dynamics of self-generated, large amplitude magnetic fields following high-intensity laser matter interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:205002. [PMID: 23215496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of magnetic fields with an amplitude of several tens of megagauss, generated at both sides of a solid target irradiated with a high-intensity (~10(19) W/cm(2)) picosecond laser pulse, has been spatially and temporally resolved using a proton imaging technique. The amplitude of the magnetic fields is sufficiently large to have a constraining effect on the radial expansion of the plasma sheath at the target surfaces. These results, supported by numerical simulations and simple analytical modeling, may have implications for ion acceleration driven by the plasma sheath at the rear side of the target as well as for the laboratory study of self-collimated high-energy plasma jets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sarri
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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16
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Labate L, Köster P, Levato T, Gizzi LA. A novel technique for single-shot energy-resolved 2D x-ray imaging of plasmas relevant for the inertial confinement fusion. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:103504. [PMID: 23126763 DOI: 10.1063/1.4759135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel x-ray diagnostic of laser-fusion plasmas is described, allowing 2D monochromatic images of hot, dense plasmas to be obtained in any x-ray photon energy range, over a large domain, on a single-shot basis. The device (named energy-encoded pinhole camera) is based upon the use of an array of many pinholes coupled to a large area CCD camera operating in the single-photon mode. The available x-ray spectral domain is only limited by the quantum efficiency of scientific-grade x-ray CCD cameras, thus extending from a few keV up to a few tens of keV. Spectral 2D images of the emitting plasma can be obtained at any x-ray photon energy provided that a sufficient number of photons had been collected at the desired energy. Results from recent inertial confinement fusion related experiments will be reported in order to detail the new diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Pérez F, Debayle A, Honrubia J, Koenig M, Batani D, Baton SD, Beg FN, Benedetti C, Brambrink E, Chawla S, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Galimberti M, Gizzi LA, Gremillet L, Heathcote R, Higginson DP, Hulin S, Jafer R, Koester P, Labate L, Lancaster KL, MacKinnon AJ, MacPhee AG, Nazarov W, Nicolai P, Pasley J, Ramis R, Richetta M, Santos JJ, Sgattoni A, Spindloe C, Vauzour B, Vinci T, Volpe L. Magnetically guided fast electrons in cylindrically compressed matter. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:065004. [PMID: 21902333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.065004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fast electrons produced by a 10 ps, 160 J laser pulse through laser-compressed plastic cylinders are studied experimentally and numerically in the context of fast ignition. K(α)-emission images reveal a collimated or scattered electron beam depending on the initial density and the compression timing. A numerical transport model shows that implosion-driven electrical resistivity gradients induce strong magnetic fields able to guide the electrons. The good agreement with measured beam sizes provides the first experimental evidence for fast-electron magnetic collimation in laser-compressed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pérez
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France.
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18
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Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E, Robinson APL, Giulietti A, Köster P, Labate L, Levato T, Gizzi LA. Directional bremsstrahlung from a Ti laser-produced x-ray source at relativistic intensities in the 3-12 keV range. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:085001. [PMID: 20868103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Front and rear side x-ray emission from thin titanium foils irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses at intensities up to ≈5 × 10(19) W/cm2 was measured using a high-resolution imaging system. Significant differences in intensity, dimension, and spectrum between front and rear side emission intensity in the 3-12 keV photon energy range was found even for 5 μm thin Ti foils. Simulations and analysis of space-resolved spectra explain this behavior in terms of directional bremsstrahlung emission from fast electrons generated during the interaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamponi
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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19
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Gizzi LA, Betti S, Galimberti M, Giulietti A, Giulietti D, Labate L, Levato T, Tomassini P, Monot P, Ceccotti T, De Oliveira P, Martin P. Tracking propagation of ultrashort intense laser pulses in gases via probing of ionization. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:056405. [PMID: 19518574 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.056405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We use optical interferometry to study the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in gases. We show the measurements of propagation in a nitrogen gas jet and we compare the results with propagation in He under the same irradiation conditions. We find that in the case of nitrogen, the detailed temporal structure of the laser pulse can be tracked and visualized by measuring the phase and the resulting electron-density map. A dramatically different behavior occurs in He gas jets, where no details of the temporal structure of the laser pulse are visible. These observations are explained in terms of the ionization dynamics of nitrogen compared to helium. These circumstances make N2 gas sensitive to variations in the electric field and, therefore, allow the laser-pulse temporal and spatial structures to be visualized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, IPCF-Area della Ricerca CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Giulietti A, Bourgeois N, Ceccotti T, Davoine X, Dobosz S, D'Oliveira P, Galimberti M, Galy J, Gamucci A, Giulietti D, Gizzi LA, Hamilton DJ, Lefebvre E, Labate L, Marquès JR, Monot P, Popescu H, Réau F, Sarri G, Tomassini P, Martin P. Intense gamma-ray source in the giant-dipole-resonance range driven by 10-TW laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:105002. [PMID: 18851220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A gamma-ray source with an intense component around the giant dipole resonance for photonuclear absorption has been obtained via bremsstrahlung of electron bunches driven by a 10-TW tabletop laser. 3D particle-in-cell simulation proves the achievement of a nonlinear regime leading to efficient acceleration of several sequential electron bunches per each laser pulse. The rate of the gamma-ray yield in the giant dipole resonance region (8<E{gamma}<17.5 MeV) was measured, through the radio activation of a gold sample, to be 4 x 10;{8} photons per joule of laser energy. This novel all-optical, compact, and efficient electron-gamma source is suitable for photonuclear studies and medical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giulietti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR Campus, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Jung D, Gizzi LA, Labate L, Neely D, Notley MM, Rajeev PP, Roth M, Gregori G. Experimental characterization of picosecond laser interaction with solid targets. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:056403. [PMID: 18643172 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.056403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized the plasma produced by a picosecond laser pulse using x-ray spectroscopy. High-resolution high-sensitivity spectra of K -shell emission from a Ti plasma have been obtained, showing a strong contribution from multiply ionized ions. Hydrodynamic and collisional-radiative codes are used to extract the plasma temperature and density from these measurements. We show that our measurements can provide benchmarks for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of preplasma conditions in ultraintense laser-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jung
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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22
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Labate L, Giulietti A, Giulietti D, Köster P, Levato T, Gizzi LA, Zamponi F, Lübcke A, Kämpfer T, Uschmann I, Förster E. Novel x-ray multispectral imaging of ultraintense laser plasmas by a single-photon charge coupled device based pinhole camera. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:103506. [PMID: 17979418 DOI: 10.1063/1.2800774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally resolved two-dimensional imaging of ultrashort laser-produced plasmas is described, obtained by means of an advanced technique. The technique has been tested with microplasmas produced by ultrashort relativistic laser pulses. The technique is based on the use of a pinhole camera equipped with a charge coupled device detector operating in the single-photon regime. The spectral resolution is about 150 eV in the 4-10 keV range, and images in any selected photon energy range have a spatial resolution of 5 microm. The potential of the technique to study fast electron propagation in ultraintense laser interaction with multilayer targets is discussed and some preliminary results are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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23
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Gizzi LA, Galimberti M, Giulietti A, Giulietti D, Koester P, Labate L, Tomassini P, Martin P, Ceccotti T, De Oliveira P, Monot P. Femtosecond interferometry of propagation of a laminar ionization front in a gas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 74:036403. [PMID: 17025750 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.036403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We use optical interferometry to investigate ultrafast ionization induced by an intense, ultrashort laser pulse propagating in a helium gas. Besides standard phase shift information, our interferograms show a localized region of fringe visibility depletion (FVD) that moves along the laser propagation axis at luminal velocity. We find that such a loss of visibility can be quantitatively explained by the ultrafast change of refractive index due to the field ionization of the gas in the laser pulse width. We demonstrate that by combining the post facto phase shift distribution with the probe pulse transit effect in the ionizing region, the analysis of the observed FVD yields significant information on the ultrafast dynamics of propagation of the ionization front in the gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, IPCF-Area della Ricerca CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-INFN, Pisa, Italy
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24
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Borghesi M, Bulanov S, Campbell DH, Clarke RJ, Esirkepov TZ, Galimberti M, Gizzi LA, MacKinnon AJ, Naumova NM, Pegoraro F, Ruhl H, Schiavi A, Willi O. Macroscopic evidence of soliton formation in multiterawatt laser-plasma interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:135002. [PMID: 11955104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.135002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel physical phenomenon has been observed following the interaction of an intense (10(19) W/cm(2)) laser pulse with an underdense plasma. Long-lived, macroscopic bubblelike structures have been detected through the deflection that the associated electric charge separation causes in a proton probe beam. These structures are interpreted as the remnants of a cloud of relativistic solitons generated in the plasma by the ultraintense laser pulse. This interpretation is supported by an analytical study of the soliton cloud evolution, by particle-in-cell simulations, and by a reconstruction of the proton-beam deflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borghesi
- Department of Pure & Applied Physics, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
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25
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Tomassini P, Giulietti A, Gizzi LA, Galimberti M, Giulietti D, Borghesi M, Willi O. Analyzing laser plasma interferograms with a continuous wavelet transform ridge extraction technique: the method. Appl Opt 2001; 40:6561-6568. [PMID: 18364963 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.006561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laser plasma interferograms are currently analyzed by extraction of the phase-shift map with fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques [Appl. Opt. 18, 3101 (1985)]. This methodology works well when interferograms are only marginally affected by noise and reduction of fringe visibility, but it can fail to produce accurate phase-shift maps when low-quality images are dealt with. We present a novel procedure for a phase-shift map computation that makes extensive use of the ridge extraction in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) framework. The CWT tool is flexible because of the wide adaptability of the analyzing basis, and it can be accurate because of the intrinsic noise reduction in the ridge extraction. A comparative analysis of the accuracy performances of the new tool and the FFT-based one shows that the CWT-based tool produces phase maps considerably less noisy and that it can better resolve local inhomogeneties.
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Giulietti D, Galimberti M, Giulietti A, Gizzi LA, Borghesi M, Balcou P, Rousse A, Rousseau JP. High-energy electron beam production by femtosecond laser interactions with exploding-foil plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:015402. [PMID: 11461323 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.015402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of an ultraintense, 30-fs laser pulse with a preformed plasma was investigated as a method of producing a beam of high-energy electrons. We used thin foil targets that are exploded by the laser amplified spontaneous emission preceding the main pulse. Optical diagnostics show that the main pulse interacts with a plasma whose density is well below the critical density. By varying the foil thickness, we were able to obtain a substantial emission of electrons in a narrow cone along the laser direction with a typical energy well above the laser ponderomotive potential. These results are explained in terms of wake-field acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giulietti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto di Fisica Atomica e Molecolare, Area della Ricerca CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Gizzi LA, Giulietti A, Willi O, Riley D. Soft-x-ray emission dynamics in picosecond laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:2721-7. [PMID: 11088752 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/1999] [Revised: 03/24/2000] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmas were generated by prepulse-free picosecond laser irradiation of solid targets consisting of five different fluorine salts. Picosecond-time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy of K-shell emission from H-like and He-like fluorine was performed to study the temporal evolution of plasma parameters including electron density and temperature. Measurements show that the fluorine line emission intensity reaches its maximum in a time comparable with the rise time of the laser pulse. This peak is then followed by a decay whose rate depends upon the atomic number of the alkali component of the target. Our measurements show clear evidence of radiation cooling effects in higher-Z targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- LA Gizzi
- Istituto di Fisica Atomica e Molecolare, Area della Ricerca del CNR, 56010 Ghezzano, Pisa, Italy
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Gizzi LA, Giulietti A, Willi O. Time-Resolved, Multi-frame X-Ray Imaging of Laser-Produced Plasmas. J Xray Sci Technol 1997; 7:186-197. [PMID: 21307549 DOI: 10.3233/xst-1997-7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel x-ray imaging system based on a microchannel-plate combined with a multi-pinhole camera has been employed to study x-ray emission from laser-produced plasmas in the 0.5-3 keV photon energy range. In particular, the interaction of intense laser radiation with such plasmas, under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion, was monitored by recording a sequence of consecutive x-ray images with a temporal resolution of 140 ps and a spatial resolution of 10 μm. These images provide valuable information on the main physical mechanisms involved in the interaction process, including collisional absorption of the incident laser energy and electron thermal conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Gizzi
- Istituto di Fisica Atomica e Molecolare del CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Borghesi M, Giulietti A, Giulietti D, Gizzi LA, Macchi A, Willi O. Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies: Progress in time-resolved density mapping. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 54:6769-6773. [PMID: 9965903 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Gizzi LA, Giulietti D, Giulietti A, Audebert P, Bastiani S, Geindre JP, Mysyrowicz A. Simultaneous measurements of hard x-rays and second harmonic emission in fs laser-target interactions. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:2278-2281. [PMID: 10060657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Afshar-rad T, Gizzi LA, Desselberger M, Willi O. Effect of filamentation of Brillouin scattering in large underdense plasmas irradiated by incoherent laser light. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:4413-4416. [PMID: 10059902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Giulietti D, Bastiani S, Ceccotti T, Giulietti A, Gizzi LA, Macchi A. Front- and rear-face X-ray emission from laser-irradiated Al foils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02457342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gizzi LA, Giulietti D, Giulietti A, Afshar-Rad T, Biancalana V, Chessa P, Danson C, Schifano E, Viana SM, Willi O. Erratum: Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 50:4266. [PMID: 9962491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Gizzi LA, Giulietti D, Giulietti A, Afshar-Rad T, Biancalana V, Chessa P, Danson C, Schifano E, Viana SM, Willi O. Characterization of laser plasmas for interaction studies. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:5628-5643. [PMID: 9961887 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Riley D, Gizzi LA, Mackinnon AJ, Viana SM, Willi O. Absorption of high-contrast 12-ps uv laser pulses by solid targets. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 48:4855-4858. [PMID: 9961172 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Riley D, Gizzi LA, Khattak FY, Mackinnon AJ, Viana SM, Willi O. Plasma conditions generated by interaction of a high brightness, prepulse free Raman amplified KrF laser pulse with solid targets. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:3739-3742. [PMID: 10046901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Afshar-rad T, Gizzi LA, Desselberger M, Khattak F, Willi O, Giulietti A. Evidence for whole-beam self-focusing of induced spatially incoherent laser light in large underdense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:942-945. [PMID: 10046038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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