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Mahalingam SS, Jayaraman S, Bhaskaran N, Schneider E, Faddoul F, Paes da Silva A, Lederman MM, Asaad R, Adkins-Travis K, Shriver LP, Pandiyan P. Polyamine metabolism impacts T cell dysfunction in the oral mucosa of people living with HIV. Nat Commun 2023; 14:399. [PMID: 36693889 PMCID: PMC9873639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes in immune cells contribute to both physiological and pathophysiological outcomes of immune reactions. Here, by comparing protein expression, transcriptome, and salivary metabolome profiles of uninfected and HIV+ individuals, we found perturbations of polyamine metabolism in the oral mucosa of HIV+ patients. Mechanistic studies using an in vitro human tonsil organoid infection model revealed that HIV infection of T cells also resulted in increased polyamine synthesis, which was dependent on the activities of caspase-1, IL-1β, and ornithine decarboxylase-1. HIV-1 also led to a heightened expression of polyamine synthesis intermediates including ornithine decarboxylase-1 as well as an elevated dysfunctional regulatory T cell (TregDys)/T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratios. Blockade of caspase-1 and polyamine synthesis intermediates reversed the TregDys phenotype showing the direct role of polyamine pathway in altering T cell functions during HIV-1 infection. Lastly, oral mucosal TregDys/Th17 ratios and CD4 hyperactivation positively correlated with salivary putrescine levels, which were found to be elevated in the saliva of HIV+ patients. Thus, by revealing the role of aberrantly increased polyamine synthesis during HIV infection, our study unveils a mechanism by which chronic viral infections could drive distinct T cell effector programs and Treg dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mahalingam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - S Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - N Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - E Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - F Faddoul
- Advanced Education in General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - A Paes da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - M M Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - R Asaad
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - K Adkins-Travis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - L P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - P Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Abstract
Hen egg white lysozyme catalyzes the polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine in water as the singular protein catalyst. This marks the first time a protein has been observed generating conjugated polymers from alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Morris
- The University of Akron 302 E Buchtel Ave
- Akron
- USA
| | | | | | | | - T. C. Leeper
- The University of Akron 302 E Buchtel Ave
- Akron
- USA
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
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Chen YJ, Hill S, Huang H, Taraboletti A, Cho K, Gallo R, Manchester M, Shriver LP, Patti GJ. Inflammation triggers production of dimethylsphingosine from oligodendrocytes. Neuroscience 2014; 279:113-21. [PMID: 25151189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic, refractory condition that arises after damage to the nervous system. We previously showed that an increased level of the endogenous metabolite N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) in the central nervous system (CNS) is sufficient to induce neuropathic pain-like behavior in rats. However, several important questions remain. First, it has not yet been demonstrated that DMS is produced in humans and its value as a therapeutic target is therefore unknown. Second, the cell types within the CNS that produce DMS are currently unidentified. Here we provide evidence that DMS is present in human CNS tissue. We show that DMS levels increase in demyelinating lesions isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease in which the majority of patients experience chronic pain. On the basis of these results, we hypothesized that oligodendrocytes may be a cellular source of DMS. We show that human oligodendrocytes produce DMS in culture and that the levels of DMS increase when oligodendrocytes are challenged with agents that damage white matter. These results suggest that damage to oligodendrocytes leads to increased DMS production which in turn drives inflammatory astrocyte responses involved in sensory neuron sensitization. Interruption of this pathway in patients may provide analgesia without the debilitating side effects that are commonly observed with other chronic pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - H Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - A Taraboletti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - K Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - R Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - M Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
| | - L P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States.
| | - G J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
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Evans CF, Shriver LP. Multiple sclerosis: emerging opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 2002; 1:17-30. [PMID: 12769632 DOI: 10.2174/1568007023339526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology. Two of the major therapies for the treatment of MS, interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate, show only limited evidence that long-term treatment slows disability. There is a great need for new drugs that will halt, reverse, and prevent the development of MS. This article reviews therapies currently in use and describes innovative strategies being developed to alter the disease course. New technologies in gene expression profiling offer hopeful directions toward the design of successful drug therapies and diagnostic testing for MS. Additionally, the new fields of genomics and proteomics offer the promise of novel treatments, and should help to reveal the mechanisms of disease initiation and pathological progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Evans
- Department of Integrative Biology, Digital Gene Technologies, Inc, 11149 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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