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Ellegood J, Anagnostou E, Babineau BA, Crawley JN, Lin L, Genestine M, DiCicco-Bloom E, Lai JKY, Foster JA, Peñagarikano O, Geschwind DH, Pacey LK, Hampson DR, Laliberté CL, Mills AA, Tam E, Osborne LR, Kouser M, Espinosa-Becerra F, Xuan Z, Powell CM, Raznahan A, Robins DM, Nakai N, Nakatani J, Takumi T, van Eede MC, Kerr TM, Muller C, Blakely RD, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Henkelman RM, Lerch JP. 3D visualization of the regional differences. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1. [PMID: 25648202 PMCID: PMC5131793 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - BA Babineau
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JN Crawley
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L Lin
- UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - M Genestine
- UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - E DiCicco-Bloom
- UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - JKY Lai
- The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - JA Foster
- The Brain-Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Peñagarikano
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - DH Geschwind
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - LK Pacey
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - DR Hampson
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - CL Laliberté
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - AA Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - E Tam
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - LR Osborne
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Kouser
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Z Xuan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - CM Powell
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Raznahan
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - DM Robins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Nakai
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - J Nakatani
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - T Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - MC van Eede
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - TM Kerr
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Muller
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - RD Blakely
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - RM Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JP Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Striano P, Paravidino R, Sicca F, Chiurazzi P, Gimelli S, Coppola A, Robbiano A, Traverso M, Pintaudi M, Giovannini S, Operto F, Vigliano P, Granata T, Coppola G, Romeo A, Specchio N, Giordano L, Osborne LR, Gimelli G, Minetti C, Zara F. West syndrome associated with 14q12 duplications harboring FOXG1. Neurology 2011; 76:1600-2. [PMID: 21536641 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182194bbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Striano
- Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Institute G. Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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3
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Pober BR, Wang E, Caprio S, Petersen KF, Brandt C, Stanley T, Osborne LR, Dzuria J, Gulanski B. High prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in adults with Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2010; 154C:291-8. [PMID: 20425788 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered to 28 adults with Williams syndrome (WS). Three quarters of the WS subjects showed abnormal glucose curves, meeting diagnostic criteria for either diabetes or the pre-diabetic state of impaired glucose tolerance. Fasting mean glucose and median insulin levels did not differ significantly in the total WS cohort versus age-gender-BMI matched controls, though the glucose area under the curve was greater in the WS subjects. HbA1c levels were not as reliable as the OGTT in diagnosing the presence of diabetes. Given the high prevalence of impaired glucose regulation, adults with WS should be screened for diabetes, and when present should be treated in accordance with standard medical practice. Hemizygosity for a gene mapping to the Williams syndrome chromosome region (WSCR) is likely the major factor responsible for the high frequency of diabetes in WS. Syntaxin-1A is a prime candidate gene based on its location in the WSCR, its role in insulin release, and the presence of abnormal glucose metabolism in mouse models with aberrantly expressed Stx-1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Pober
- Center for Human Genetics, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Rm 222, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Xie G, Clapcote SJ, Nieman BJ, Tallerico T, Huang Y, Vukobradovic I, Cordes SP, Osborne LR, Rossant J, Sled JG, Henderson JT, Roder JC. Forward genetic screen of mouse reveals dominant missense mutation in the P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channel, CACNA1A. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2007; 6:717-27. [PMID: 17376154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dominant mutations of the P/Q-type Ca(2+) channel (CACNA1A) underlie several human neurological disorders, including episodic ataxia type 2, familial hemiplegic migraine 1 (FHM1) and spinocerebellar ataxia 6, but have not been found previously in the mouse. Here we report the first dominant ataxic mouse model of Cacna1a mutation. This Wobbly mutant allele of Cacna1a was identified in an ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis dominant behavioral screen. Heterozygotes exhibit ataxia from 3 weeks of age and have a normal life span. Homozygotes have a righting reflex defect from postnatal day 8 and later develop severe ataxia and die prematurely. Both heterozygotes and homozygotes exhibit cerebellar atrophy with focal reduction of the molecular layer. No obvious loss of Purkinje cells or decrease in size of the granule cell layer was observed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed altered expression levels of Cacna1g, Calb2 and Th in Wobbly cerebella, but Cacna1a messenger RNA and protein levels were unchanged. Positional cloning revealed that Wobbly mice have a missense mutation leading to an arginine to leucine (R1255L) substitution, resulting in neutralization of a positively charged amino acid in repeat III of voltage sensor segment S4. The dominance of the Wobbly mutation more closely resembles patterns of CACNA1A mutation in humans than previously described mouse recessive mutants (tottering, leaner, rolling Nagoya and rocker). Positive-charge neutralization in S4 has also been shown to underlie several cases of human dominant FHM1 with ataxia. The Wobbly mutant thus highlights the importance of the voltage sensor and provides a starting point to unravel the neuropathological mechanisms of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Animals
- Ataxia/genetics
- Atrophy/genetics
- Calcium Channels, N-Type
- Calcium Channels, P-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, P-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, Q-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, Q-Type/metabolism
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Dystonia/genetics
- Female
- Gait/genetics
- Genes, Dominant/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xie
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Young EJ, Lipina T, Tam E, Mandel A, Clapcote SJ, Bechard AR, Chambers J, Mount HTJ, Fletcher PJ, Roder JC, Osborne LR. Reduced fear and aggression and altered serotonin metabolism in Gtf2ird1-targeted mice. Genes Brain Behav 2007; 7:224-34. [PMID: 17680805 PMCID: PMC2883608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The GTF2IRD1 general transcription factor is a candidate for involvement in the varied cognitive and neurobehavioral symptoms of the microdeletion disorder, Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). We show that mice with heterozygous or homozygous disruption of Gtf2ird1 exhibit decreased fear and aggression and increased social behaviors. These findings are reminiscent of the hypersociability and diminished fear of strangers that are hallmarks of WBS. Other core features of WBS, such as increased anxiety and problems with spatial learning were not present in the targeted mice. Investigation of a possible neurochemical basis for the altered behaviors in these mice using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed increased levels of serotonin metabolites in several brain regions, including the amygdala, frontal cortex and parietal cortex. Serotonin levels have previously been implicated in fear and aggression, through modulation of the neural pathway connecting the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These results suggest that hemizygosity for GTF2IRD1 may play a role in the complex behavioral phenotype seen in patients with WBS, either individually, or in combination with other genes, and that the GTF2I transcription factors may influence fear and social behavior through the alteration of neurochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Young
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Lipina
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. Tam
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Mandel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. J. Clapcote
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. R. Bechard
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Chambers
- Section of Biopsychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. T. J. Mount
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. J. Fletcher
- Section of Biopsychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. C. Roder
- Centre for Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L. R. Osborne
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: L. R. Osborne, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 7360 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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6
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Osborne LR, Li M, Pober B, Chitayat D, Bodurtha J, Mandel A, Costa T, Grebe T, Cox S, Tsui LC, Scherer SW. A 1.5 million-base pair inversion polymorphism in families with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Nat Genet 2001; 29:321-5. [PMID: 11685205 PMCID: PMC2889916 DOI: 10.1038/ng753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is most often caused by hemizygous deletion of a 1.5-Mb interval encompassing at least 17 genes at 7q11.23 (refs. 1,2). As with many other haploinsufficiency diseases, the mechanism underlying the WBS deletion is thought to be unequal meiotic recombination, probably mediated by the highly homologous DNA that flanks the commonly deleted region. Here, we report the use of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify a genomic polymorphism in families with WBS, consisting of an inversion of the WBS region. We have observed that the inversion is hemizygous in 3 of 11 (27%) atypical affected individuals who show a subset of the WBS phenotypic spectrum but do not carry the typical WBS microdeletion. Two of these individuals also have a parent who carries the inversion. In addition, in 4 of 12 (33%) families with a proband carrying the WBS deletion, we observed the inversion exclusively in the parent transmitting the disease-related chromosome. These results suggest the presence of a newly identified genomic variant within the population that may be associated with the disease. It may result in predisposition to primarily WBS-causing microdeletions, but may also cause translocations and inversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Osborne LR. 'Forkhead' gene expression balanced on a knife-edge. Trends Mol Med 2001; 7:51. [PMID: 11286739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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8
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Osborne LR. The fruits of the fly genome project. Mol Med Today 2000; 6:216. [PMID: 10939837 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-4310(00)01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Botta A, Novelli G, Mari A, Novelli A, Sabani M, Korenberg J, Osborne LR, Digilio MC, Giannotti A, Dallapiccola B. Detection of an atypical 7q11.23 deletion in Williams syndrome patients which does not include the STX1A and FZD3 genes. J Med Genet 1999; 36:478-80. [PMID: 10874638 PMCID: PMC1734394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We present two patients with the full Williams syndrome (WS) phenotype carrying a smaller deletion than typically observed. The deleted region spans from the elastin gene to marker D7S1870. This observation narrows the minimal region of deletion in WS and suggests that the syntaxin 1A and frizzled genes are not responsible for the major features of this developmental disorder and provides important insight into understanding the genotype-phenotype correlation in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Botta
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
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11
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Osborne LR, Campbell T, Daradich A, Scherer SW, Tsui LC. Identification of a putative transcription factor gene (WBSCR11) that is commonly deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Genomics 1999; 57:279-84. [PMID: 10198167 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a complex developmental disorder involving the hemizygous deletion of genes on chromosome 7q11.23. The cardiovascular aspects of the disorder are known to be caused by haploinsufficiency for ELN, but the genes contributing to the other features of WBS are still undetermined. Fifteen genes have been shown to reside within the WBS deletion, and here we report the identification and cloning of an additional gene that is commonly deleted. WBSCR11, which was identified through genomic DNA sequence analysis and cDNA library screening, was positioned toward the telomeric end of the WBS deletion. The gene is expressed in all adult tissues analyzed, including many regions of the brain. The predicted protein displays homology to another gene from the WBS deletion, GTF2I, which is known to be a transcription factor. We postulate that WBSCR11 is also a transcription factor and may contribute to the spectrum of developmental symptoms found in WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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12
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Abstract
The BCL7A gene, which maps to human chromosome 12q24.13, was cloned through its direct involvement with MYC and IGH in a three-way translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. Here, we describe the identification of two related human genes, BCL7B and BCL7C, which share 90% identity to the amino-terminal 51 amino acids of human BCL7A, as well as 41% identity in the same region to Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Brugia malayi EST sequences. This degree of relatedness in the amino-terminal domain suggests we have defined a new gene family of unknown function. There was little sequence conservation between the family members outside this conserved domain and no identified protein motifs could be deduced. Human BCL7B and BCL7C mapped to chromosome 7q11.23, and 16p11, respectively. No chromosomal rearrangements affecting BCL7B or BCL7C were detected in lymphoid malignancies. BCL7B did, however, map within the region of 7q11.23 which is commonly deleted in the congenital disorder, Williams syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Jadayel
- Academic Hematology and Cytogenetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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13
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Nomiyama H, Osborne LR, Imai T, Kusuda J, Miura R, Tsui LC, Yoshie O. Assignment of the human CC chemokine MPIF-2/eotaxin-2 (SCYA24) to chromosome 7q11.23. Genomics 1998; 49:339-40. [PMID: 9598329 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Nomiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan.
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14
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Osborne LR, Herbrick JA, Greavette T, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Scherer SW. PMS2-related genes flank the rearrangement breakpoints associated with Williams syndrome and other diseases on human chromosome 7. Genomics 1997; 45:402-6. [PMID: 9344666 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human PMS2 mismatch repair gene and a family of at least 17 other related genes (named human PMSR or PMS2L genes) have been localized to human chromosome 7. Human PMS2 has been mapped previously to 7p22 and shown to be causative in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), but the human PMS2L genes have not been positioned in the context of the physical or genetic map of chromosome 7. In this study we have used various mapping methodologies to determine the precise location of the human PMS2L genes at 7q11.22, 7q11.23, and 7q22. Within 7q11.23, human PMS2L genes were found to be present at at least three sites as part of duplicated genomic segments that flank the most common rearrangement breakpoints in Williams syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Department of Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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15
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Abstract
A little over a century ago, the HMS Beagle sailed the Pacific Ocean bringing Charles Darwin to the perfect environment in which to piece together his observations forming the theory of evolution. Now, geneticists and laypeople alike surf the equally formidable waters of the internet in search of enlightenment. Here, we attempt to help you navigate towards resources for human genetics by providing maps to three destinations: The Human Genome Project (Box 1), education (Box 2), and human genetic diseases (Box 3). For each, we highlight a few sites that we consider are the most informative and original. A more extensive list containing other useful sites has been compiled and posted on a 'jump site' at: http:/(/)www.cgdn.generes.ca/.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Dept. of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Osborne LR, Soder S, Shi XM, Pober B, Costa T, Scherer SW, Tsui LC. Hemizygous deletion of the syntaxin 1A gene in individuals with Williams syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:449-52. [PMID: 9311751 PMCID: PMC1715888 DOI: 10.1086/514850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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17
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Osborne LR, Martindale D, Scherer SW, Shi XM, Huizenga J, Heng HH, Costa T, Pober B, Lew L, Brinkman J, Rommens J, Koop B, Tsui LC. Identification of genes from a 500-kb region at 7q11.23 that is commonly deleted in Williams syndrome patients. Genomics 1996; 36:328-36. [PMID: 8812460 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Hemizygosity of the elastin (ELN) gene can account for the vascular and connective tissue abnormalities observed in WS patients, but the genes that contribute to features such as infantile hypercalcemia, dysmorphic facies, and mental retardation remain to be identified. In addition, the size of the genomic interval commonly deleted in WS patients has not been established. In this study we report the characterization of a 500-kb region that was determined to be deleted in our collection of WS patients. A detailed physical map consisting of cosmid, P1 artificial chromosomes, and yeast artificial chromosomes was constructed and used for gene isolation experiments. Using the techniques of direct cDNA selection and genomic DNA sequencing, three known genes (ELN, LIMK1, and RFC2), a novel gene (WSCR1) with homology to RNA-binding proteins, a gene with homology to restin, and four other putative transcription units were identified. LIMK1 is a protein kinase with two repeats of the LIM/double zinc finger motif, and it is highly expressed in brain. RFC2 is the 40-kDa ATP-binding subunit of replication factor C, which is known to play a role in the elongation of DNA catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon. LIMK1 and WSCR1 may be particularly relevant when explaining cognitive defects observed in WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Department of Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Munkonge FM, Osborne LR, Geddes DM, Alton EW. Lack of inhibition by dideoxy-forskolin and verapamil of DIDS-sensitive volume-activated Cl- secretion in human squamous lung carcinoma epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1224:342-8. [PMID: 7803488 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of osmotic stress on Cl- permeability in human squamous lung carcinoma epithelial (S1) cells was investigated using a macroscopic 125I efflux assay. Hypotonic challenge of monolayers led to a significant (P < 0.01) dose-related increase in efflux from pre-loaded cells, returning to pre-activation rates within 10 min. A similar magnitude of response could be produced by challenge with an isotonic low chloride-containing solution. Neither 100 mM dideoxy-forskolin nor 100 mM verapamil inhibited the increase in Cl- secretion after hypotonic challenge, whereas 100 mM DIDS inhibited volume-activated Cl- secretion by 55%. Both Northern and Western blot analysis confirmed the absence of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein in the S1 cells. We conclude that these cells have a volume-regulated Cl- secretory pathway that is independent of the ABC transporter, P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Munkonge
- Ion Transport Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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19
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Osborne LR, Lynch M, Middleton PG, Alton EW, Geddes DM, Pryor JP, Hodson ME, Santis GK. Nasal epithelial ion transport and genetic analysis of infertile men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:1605-9. [PMID: 7505692 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.10.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), an important cause of male infertility, is a variant of cystic fibrosis (CF). This study describes a defect in chloride conductance across the nasal epithelium of subjects with CBAVD which is dissimilar to that found in patients with CF. It also demonstrates normal sodium transport across the nasal epithelium in these men, in contrast to patients with CF who exhibit increased sodium absorption. The increased frequency of CFTR mutations in these men implicates the CFTR gene in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Genetic analysis of men with CBAVD who were heterozygous for a known CFTR mutation failed to identify a second mutation within any of the exons or introns of the CFTR gene. These results demonstrate that most men presenting with CBAVD are not compound heterozygotes for mutations within the CFTR gene and can be distinguished from individuals with atypical or asymptomatic CF on the basis of the bioelectric properties of their nasal epithelium. We postulate that mutations in the promoter region or at other regulatory sites of the CFTR gene may be responsible for the CBAVD phenotype in a proportion of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Osborne
- Department of Cystic Fibrosis, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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