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Arcega-Cabrera F, Fargher LF, Oceguera-Vargas I, Noreña-Barroso E, Yánez-Estrada L, Alvarado J, González L, Moo-Puc R, Pérez-Herrera N, Quesadas-Rojas M, Pérez-Medina S. Water Consumption as Source of Arsenic, Chromium, and Mercury in Children Living in Rural Yucatan, Mexico: Blood and Urine Levels. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:452-459. [PMID: 28776191 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the correlation between metal content in water and metal levels in children are scarce worldwide, but especially in developing nations. Therefore, this study investigates the correlation between arsenic, chromium, and mercury concentrations in drinking and cooking water and in blood and urine samples collected from healthy and supposedly non-exposed children from a rural area in Yucatan, Mexico. Mercury in water shows concentrations above the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) value for drinking and cooking water. Also, 25% of the children show mercury in urine above the WHO recommended value. Multivariate analyses show a significant role for drinking and cooking water as a vector of exposure in children. Also, the factor analysis shows chronic exposure in the case of arsenic, as well as an ongoing detoxification process through urine in the case of mercury. Further studies should be done in order to determine other potential metal exposure pathways among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - L F Fargher
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - I Oceguera-Vargas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Yánez-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L González
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Av Itzaes 498, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R Moo-Puc
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional "Ignacio García Téllez" Mérida, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calle 41 No. 439, Col. Industrial, 97150, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - N Pérez-Herrera
- Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzaes No. 498 x 59-A, Colonia Centro, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - M Quesadas-Rojas
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97355, Puerto de Abrigo Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - S Pérez-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Mérida, Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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