1
|
Khaligh HH, Xu L, Khosropour A, Madeira A, Romano M, Pradére C, Tréguer-Delapierre M, Servant L, Pope MA, Goldthorpe IA. The Joule heating problem in silver nanowire transparent electrodes. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:425703. [PMID: 28930100 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7f34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have shown considerable potential to replace conventional transparent conductive materials. However, in this report we show that Joule heating is a unique and serious problem with these electrodes. When conducting current densities encountered in organic solar cells, the average surface temperature of indium tin oxide (ITO) and silver nanowire electrodes, both with sheet resistances of 60 ohms/square, remains below 35 °C. However, in contrast to ITO, the temperature in the nanowire electrode is very non-uniform, with some localized points reaching temperatures above 250 °C. These hotspots accelerate nanowire degradation, leading to electrode failure after 5 days of continuous current flow. We show that graphene, a commonly used passivation layer for these electrodes, slows nanowire degradation and creates a more uniform surface temperature under current flow. However, the graphene does not prevent Joule heating in the nanowires and local points of high temperature ultimately shift the failure mechanism from nanowire degradation to melting of the underlying plastic substrate. In this paper, surface temperature mapping, lifetime testing under current flow, post-mortem analysis, and modelling illuminate the behaviour and failure mechanisms of nanowires under extended current flow and provide guidelines for managing Joule heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Khaligh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Canitrot Y, Frechet M, Servant L, Hoffmann JS, Cazaux C. Cancer et chaos génétique : une possible implication de l'ADN polymérase β ? Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
3
|
Herstedt M, Henderson W, Smirnov M, Ducasse L, Servant L, Talaga D, Lassègues J. Conformational isomerism and phase transitions in tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Et4NTFSI. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
4
|
Ducasse L, Dussauze M, Grondin J, Lassègues JC, Naudin C, Servant L. Spectroscopic study of poly(ethylene oxide)6: LiX complexes (X = PF6, AsF6, SbF6, ClO4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b211166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Louat T, Servant L, Rols MP, Bieth A, Teissie J, Hoffmann JS, Cazaux C. Antitumor activity of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine nucleotide analog against tumors up-regulating DNA polymerase beta. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:553-8. [PMID: 11502887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), an error-prone DNA-synthesizing enzyme tightly down-regulated in healthy somatic cells, has been shown to be overexpressed in many human tumors. In this study, we show that treatment with the 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) nucleoside analog inhibited in vitro and in vivo the proliferation of Pol beta-transfected B16 melanoma cells, which up-regulate Pol beta compared with control isogenic cells. The administration of ddC also increased specifically the survival of mice bearing Pol beta-overexpressing B16 melanoma. When the phosphorylated form of ddC was electrotransfered into Pol beta-transfected melanoma, the cell growth inhibition was strengthened, strongly suggesting that the cytotoxic effect results from incorporation of the chain terminator into DNA. Using in vitro single- and double-stranded DNA synthesis assays, we demonstrated that excess Pol beta perturbs the replicative machinery, favors ddC-TP incorporation into DNA, and consequently promotes chain termination. Therefore, the use of chain terminator anticancer agents could be suitable for the treatment of tumors with a high level of Pol beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Louat
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Instabilité Génétique et Cancer, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5089, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) is the most inaccurate of the six DNA polymerases found in mammalian cells. In a normal situation, it is expressed at a constant low level and its role is believed to be restricted to repair synthesis in the base excision repair pathway participating to the genome stability. However, excess of Pol beta, found in some human tumors, could confer an increase in spontaneous mutagenesis and result in a highly mutagenic tolerance phenotype toward bifunctional DNA cross-linking anticancer drugs. Here, we present a hypothesis on the mechanisms used by Pol beta to be a genetic instability enhancer through its overexpression. We hypothesize that an excess of Pol beta perturbs the well-defined specific functions of DNA polymerases developed by the cell and propose Pol beta-mediated gap fillings during DNA transactions like repair, replication, or recombination pathways as key processes to introduce illegitimate deoxyribonucleotides or mutagenic base analogs like those produced by intracellular oxidative processes. These mechanisms may predominate during cellular nonproliferative phases in the absence of DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Canitrot
- IPBS - CNRS UPR 9062, groupe Instabilité Génétique et Cancer, 31077 Toulouse cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hui-Litwin H, Servant L, Dignam MJ, Moskovits M. Effective Electric Surface Susceptibility Tensor as a Probe of the Thermal Behavior of Langmuir−Blodgett Films. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hui-Litwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - L. Servant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - M. J. Dignam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - M. Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rey I, Johansson P, Lindgren J, Lassègues JC, Grondin J, Servant L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of (CF3SO2)2N- (TFSI-) and (CF3SO2)2NH (HTFSI). J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980375v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Rey
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803), Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and The Ångström Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry, Box 538, Uppsala SE−75121, Sweden
| | - P. Johansson
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803), Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and The Ångström Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry, Box 538, Uppsala SE−75121, Sweden
| | - J. Lindgren
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803), Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and The Ångström Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry, Box 538, Uppsala SE−75121, Sweden
| | - J. C. Lassègues
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803), Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and The Ångström Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry, Box 538, Uppsala SE−75121, Sweden
| | - J. Grondin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803), Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and The Ångström Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry, Box 538, Uppsala SE−75121, Sweden
| | - L. Servant
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5803), Université Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France, and The Ångström Laboratory, Inorganic Chemistry, Box 538, Uppsala SE−75121, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Texier F, Servant L, Bruneel J, Argoul F. In situ probing of interfacial processes in the electrodeposition of copper by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Servant L, Carmona F. Hemispherical factors of model random-scattering composite materials. Appl Opt 1993; 32:2789-2794. [PMID: 20820443 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.002789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical experimental study, in the visible and the near infrared, of three-dimensional random composite materials made of pellets of KBr filled with Ge particles with mean radius a = 5 microm. We measure hemispherical factors (transmittance and reflectanc6) on composite materials with various concentrations in a wavelength range between 0.3 and 1.8 microm. We discuss the results by using both the properties of single scatterers, and the radiative transfer theory for modeling multiple scattering in concentrated samples. Because of the high asymmetry factor for scattering of the Ge particles, we can assume that photons are scattered in only two directions, backward and forward, and we show that a simple two-stream theory is adequate for interpreting the main results as functions of both wavelength and composition, without any adjustable parameters.
Collapse
|
12
|
|