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Chalak L, Hellstrom-Westas L, Bonifacio S, Tsuchida T, Chock V, El-Dib M, Massaro AN, Garcia-Alix A. Bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring in neonatal encephalopathy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101273. [PMID: 34393094 PMCID: PMC8627431 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring tools are currently used in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) to assess 1) brain function [amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and EEG], 2) cerebral oxygenation delivery and consumption [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] and 3) blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The aim of the review is to provide the role of neuromonitoring in understanding the development of brain injury in these newborns and better predict their long-term outcome. Simultaneous use of these monitoring modalities may improve our ability to provide meaningful prognostic information regarding ongoing treatments. Evidence will be summarized in this review for each of these modalities, by describing (1) the methods, (2) the clinical evidence in context of NE both before and with hypothermia, and (3) the research and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chalak
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
| | - L Hellstrom-Westas
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Division of Neonatology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
| | - S Bonifacio
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - T Tsuchida
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital Division of Neurophysiology, Epilepsy and Critical Care, 111 Michigan Ave NW, West Wing, 4th Floor, Washington DC, 20010-2970, USA.
| | - V Chock
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - M El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, CWN#418, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - AN Massaro
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Division of Neonatology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, USA
| | - A Garcia-Alix
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain; Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Placental assessment, although currently underused, can inform our understanding of the etiology and timing of Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE). We review our current understanding of the links between placental dysfunction and NE and how this information may inform clinical decisions, now and in the future, emphasizing the four major placental lesions associated with NE. In addition, we discuss maternal and fetal factors that are hypothesized to contribute to specific placental pathologies, especially innate or acquired thrombophilias. We outline the importance of assessing placenta across trimesters and after delivery. As this field continues to evolve, currently available placental histopathological examination methods may need to be combined with advanced prenatal molecular and imaging assessments of placenta and be applied in well-designed studies in large representative populations to better define the links between placental dysfunction and NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Penn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - P Wintermark
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - L F Chalak
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - J Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Child Neurology, Neurology, and OB/GYN), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Redline
- Department of Pathology, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M S Scher
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital/MacDonald Hospital for Women, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - K B Nelson
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ghanem H, Haddad A, Baydoun S, Abou Hamdan H, Korfali S, Chalak L. In vitro proliferation of Lebanese Lemna minor and Lemna gibba on different nutrient media. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2019.1597450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ghanem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A. Haddad
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S. Baydoun
- Research Center for Environment and Development, Beirut Arab University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - H. Abou Hamdan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S. Korfali
- Natural Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - L. Chalak
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Prempunpong C, Chalak LF, Garfinkle J, Shah B, Kalra V, Rollins N, Boyle R, Nguyen KA, Mir I, Pappas A, Montaldo P, Thayyil S, Sánchez PJ, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Sant’Anna G. Prospective research on infants with mild encephalopathy: the PRIME study. J Perinatol 2018; 38:80-85. [PMID: 29095433 PMCID: PMC8592379 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine short-term outcomes of infants with evidence of hypoxia-ischemia at birth and classified as mild neonatal encephalopathy (NE) at <6 h of age. STUDY DESIGN Prospective multicenter study. Mild NE was defined as ⩾1 abnormal category in modified Sarnat score. Primary outcome was any abnormality on early amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) or seizures, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or neurological exam at discharge. RESULTS A total of 54/63 (86%) of enrolled infants had data on components of the primary outcome, which was abnormal in 28/54 (52%): discontinuous aEEG (n=4), MRI (n=9) and discharge exam (n=22). Abnormal tone and/or incomplete Moro were the most common findings. MRI abnormalities were confined to cerebral cortex but two infants had basal ganglia and/or thalamus involvement. The 18 to 24 months follow-up is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS A larger than expected proportion of mild NE infants with abnormal outcomes was observed. Future research should evaluate safety and efficacy of neuroprotection for mild NE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - LF Chalak
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Garfinkle
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Shah
- Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - V Kalra
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - N Rollins
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Boyle
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K-A Nguyen
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - I Mir
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Pappas
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - P Montaldo
- Imperial College, London, UK and Nationwide Children’s Hospital–The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Thayyil
- Imperial College, London, UK and Nationwide Children’s Hospital–The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - PJ Sánchez
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital–The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - AR Laptook
- Brown University, Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - G Sant’Anna
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chalak L, Legave JM. Oryzalin combined with adventitious regeneration for an efficient chromosome doubling of trihaploid kiwifruit. Plant Cell Rep 1996; 16:97-100. [PMID: 24178664 DOI: 10.1007/bf01275459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/1995] [Revised: 02/21/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome doubling of one parthenogenetic trihaploid from cultivar Hayward ofActinidia deliciosa was investigated. Two antimitotic agents, colchicine and oryzalin, appliedin vitro on shoots and leaves at different concentrations were compared with regard to their efficiency. Survival and regeneration rates were determined and ploidy level of regenerated plantlets was evaluated by flow cytometry. Differences were observed between the two antimitotic agents depending on whether shoots or leaves were treated. Hexaploid plantlets were obtained with highest efficiency by adventitious regeneration from leaves treated by oryzalin at 5 μM, constituting an original and promising result which was corroborated for another trihaploid clone. Dodecaploid plantlets were also induced but only from oryzalin treated leaves. On the other hand, colchicine applied to leaves was very phytotoxic. This study demonstrates that oryzalin combined with adventitious regeneration is particularly efficient to induce chromosome doubling of trihaploid kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chalak
- S. R. A. San Giuliano, INRA-CIRAD, 20230, San Nicolao, France
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