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Masetti A, Rathé A, Robertson N, Anderson D, Walker J, Pasqualini E, Depalo L. Effects of three chitin synthesis inhibitors on egg masses, nymphs and adults of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Pest Manag Sci 2023. [PMID: 36944039 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halyomorpha halys, (brown marmorated stink bug, BMSB), is a high-concern invasive species causing severe damage to orchards in many countries outside its native Asian range. Management methods other than frequent sprays of broad-spectrum insecticides are needed to restore integrated pest management (IPM) practices in orchards. Chitin synthesis inhibitors are usually regarded as desirable options in IPM programs because of lower toxicity to beneficial insects and non-target organisms compared to neurotoxic insecticides. In this study, the activity of three chitin synthesis inhibitors (namely buprofezin, novaluron and triflumuron) was investigated on BMSB egg masses, third instars and adults by means of laboratory bioassays. RESULTS Novaluron and to a lesser extent triflumuron were detrimental to BMSB nymphs exposed to residues on potted peach plants. Novaluron caused high mortality among early instars that emerged from sprayed egg masses. No significant differences were found between buprofezin and water control on eggs or third instars. When sprayed on BMSB adults, none of the chitin synthesis inhibitors affected survival, fecundity, or egg hatching. CONCLUSION Given the activity on nymphs, but the lack of effects on adults, novaluron and triflumuron might be considered for field applications only as a tool in a wider management strategy along with other methods aimed at preventing the invasion of crops by BMSB adults. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rathé
- Horticulture New Zealand-Ahumāra Kai Aotearoa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Diane Anderson
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jim Walker
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand
| | - Edison Pasqualini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Depalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Navarro‐Miró D, Blanco‐Moreno JM, Ciaccia C, Testani E, Iocola I, Depalo L, Burgio G, Kristensen H, Hefner M, Tamm K, Bender I, Persiani A, Diacono M, Montemurro F, Willekens K, Védie H, Bavec M, Robačer M, Arlotti D, Deltour P, De Neve S, Gebremikael MT, Chamorro L, Caballero‐López B, Pérez‐Ferrer A, Canali S, Sans FX. The concurrent assessment of agronomic, ecological and environmental variables enables better choice of agroecological service crop termination management. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Navarro‐Miró
- Agroecosystems Research Group, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), and Section of Botany and Mycology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - José M. Blanco‐Moreno
- Agroecosystems Research Group, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), and Section of Botany and Mycology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Corrado Ciaccia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA‐AA) Rome Italy
| | - Elena Testani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA‐AA) Rome Italy
| | - Ileana Iocola
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA‐AA) Rome Italy
| | - Laura Depalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐Alimentari (DISTAL) Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanni Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐Alimentari (DISTAL) Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | | | - Margita Hefner
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Kalvi Tamm
- Department of Agrotechnology Estonian Crop Research Institute Jõgeva Estonia
| | - Ingrid Bender
- Department of Jõgeva Plant Breeding Estonian Crop Research Institute Jõgeva Estonia
| | - Alessandro Persiani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA‐AA) Bari Italy
| | - Mariangela Diacono
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA‐AA) Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Montemurro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA‐OF) Monsapolo del Tronto Italy
| | - Koen Willekens
- Plant Sciences Unit Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Hélène Védie
- Research Group in Organic Agriculture Maison de la Bio Avignon France
| | - Martina Bavec
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Organic Agriculture University of Maribor Hoče Slovenia
| | - Martina Robačer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Organic Agriculture University of Maribor Hoče Slovenia
| | - Donatienne Arlotti
- Soil fertility and Water Protection Unit, Agriculture and Natural environment Department Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA‐W) Gembloux Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan De Neve
- Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Research Group, Department of Environment Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mesfin Tsegaye Gebremikael
- Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Research Group, Department of Environment Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lourdes Chamorro
- Agroecosystems Research Group, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), and Section of Botany and Mycology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Pérez‐Ferrer
- Agroecosystems Research Group, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), and Section of Botany and Mycology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Stefano Canali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA‐AA) Rome Italy
| | - Francesc Xavier Sans
- Agroecosystems Research Group, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), and Section of Botany and Mycology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Masetti A, Depalo L, Pasqualini E. Impact of Triflumuron on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Laboratory and Field Studies. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:1709-1715. [PMID: 34104951 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys, (the brown marmorated stink bug, BMSB), is a high-concern invasive species causing severe damage to orchards in many countries outside its native Asian range. Control options matching both effectiveness and sustainability are currently lacking. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis might be exploited for integrated management programs because of the overall better ecotoxicological profile in comparison with most neurotoxic insecticides used so far against BMSB. In this study, the activity of triflumuron, a benzoylphenyl urea hampering chitin biosynthesis, was tested on BMSB in laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory bioassays, the insecticide was sprayed on potted peach plants (30 cm high) and residues were aged in a glasshouse for 0, 7, 14, and 21 d. Then, third-instar bugs were placed on the plants and continuously exposed to residues. Mortality was scored after 7, 14, and 21 d exposure. Triflumuron caused significantly higher mortality on BMSB nymphs in comparison with water controls at all aging periods. Moreover, aging of residues up to 21 d did not cause any significant reduction of activity. Field experiments were also carried out in 2019 in eight pear orchards. Injuries to fruits at harvest were compared between plots where triflumuron was added to insecticide sprays against BMSB and control plots managed exactly in the same way but without any triflumuron treatment. An overall mean of 9.99 ± 1.98% stink bug injured fruits was detected in plots managed with the strategy including triflumuron, whereas 19.45 ± 3.55% of fruits were injured in plots assigned to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Depalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edison Pasqualini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma mater studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Depalo L, Burgio G, Magagnoli S, Sommaggio D, Montemurro F, Canali S, Masetti A. Influence of Cover Crop Termination on Ground Dwelling Arthropods in Organic Vegetable Systems. Insects 2020; 11:insects11070445. [PMID: 32679696 PMCID: PMC7412336 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect in cover crop management is termination before the cash crop is planted. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of termination methods on ground-dwelling arthropods. The conventional mechanical termination method-i.e., green manuring by means of a disc harrow-was compared to flattening using a roller crimper. Two different crop systems were investigated for two growing seasons; cauliflower was grown in autumn after the termination of a mixture of cowpea, pearl millet, and radish, and tomato was cropped in spring and summer after the termination of a mixture of barley and vetch. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and spiders (Araneae) were sampled by means of standard pitfall traps throughout the growing season of both cash crops. The roller crimper increased the overall abundance of ground beetles in the first growing season of both cash crops, whereas in the second year, no significant effect could be detected. Rove beetles were more abundant in plots where the cover crops were terminated by the roller crimper. Finally, green manuring increased the abundance of spiders, especially on the first sampling date after cover crop termination. Albeit different taxa showed different responses, the termination of cover crops by a roller crimper generally increased the abundance of ground dwelling arthropods. Given that most of the sampled species were generalist predators, their increased abundance could possibly improve biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Depalo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.); (G.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Giovanni Burgio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.); (G.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Serena Magagnoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.); (G.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniele Sommaggio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.); (G.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesco Montemurro
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Canali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella, 2-4, 00184 Roma (RM), Italy;
| | - Antonio Masetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.D.); (G.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-6286
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Bouagga S, Urbaneja A, Depalo L, Rubio L, Pérez-Hedo M. Zoophytophagous predator-induced defences restrict accumulation of the tomato spotted wilt virus. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:561-567. [PMID: 31283098 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of zoophytophagous predators in protected crops has been widely adopted to manage pests in southern Europe. We hypothesized that plant defence responses would be induced by zoophytophagous predators and this induction could affect plant virus occurrence; the phytophagy of these predators induces plant defences similarly to that of viral infection. Therefore, we evaluated whether or not mirid predator-activated plant defences limited the accumulation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in mechanically infected sweet pepper. RESULTS Our results revealed TSWV accumulation in mirid-punctured plants to be significantly lower than in intact plants. This is most likely associated with the upregulation of the jasmonate acid pathway triggered by mirid phytophagy. CONCLUSION Activation of induced defences by mirid predators has been demonstrated for the first time to limit the accumulation of TSWV in sweet pepper. This novel approach can offer new control strategies for the management of plant diseases. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Bouagga
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Laura Depalo
- DISTAL Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum. Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luís Rubio
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, (IVIA), Moncada, Spain
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6
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Madzaric S, Ceglie FG, Depalo L, Al Bitar L, Mimiola G, Tittarelli F, Burgio G. Organic vs. organic - soil arthropods as bioindicators of ecological sustainability in greenhouse system experiment under Mediterranean conditions. Bull Entomol Res 2018; 108:625-635. [PMID: 29166981 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic greenhouse (OGH) production is characterized by different systems and agricultural practices with diverse environmental impact. Soil arthropods are widely used as bioindicators of ecological sustainability in open field studies, while there is a lack of research on organic production for protected systems. This study assessed the soil arthropod abundance and diversity over a 2-year crop rotation in three systems of OGH production in the Mediterranean. The systems under assessment differed in soil fertility management: SUBST - a simplified system of organic production, based on an input substitution approach (use of guano and organic liquid fertilizers), AGROCOM - soil fertility mainly based on compost application and agroecological services crops (ASC) cultivation (tailored use of cover crops) as part of crop rotation, and AGROMAN - animal manure and ASC cultivation as part of crop rotation. Monitoring of soil fauna was performed by using pitfall traps and seven taxa were considered: Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Araneae, Opiliones, Isopoda, Myriapoda, and Collembola. Results demonstrated high potential of ASC cultivation as a technique for beneficial soil arthropod conservation in OGH conditions. SUBST system was dominated by Collembola in all crops, while AGROMAN and AGROCOM had more balanced relative abundance of Isopoda, Staphylinidae, and Aranea. Opiliones and Myriapoda were more affected by season, while Carabidae were poorly represented in the whole monitoring period. Despite the fact that all three production systems are in accordance with the European Union regulation on organic farming, findings of this study displayed significant differences among them and confirmed the suitability of soil arthropods as bioindicators in protected systems of organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Madzaric
- Dipartimento di Science per l'Ambiente,Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' Centro Direzionale,Isola C4,80143 Napoli,Italy
| | - F G Ceglie
- CIHEAM - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari,via Ceglie 9,70010 - Valenzano (BA),Italy
| | - L Depalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia,Università di Bologna,viale Fanin 42,40127 Bologna,Italy
| | - L Al Bitar
- CIHEAM - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari,via Ceglie 9,70010 - Valenzano (BA),Italy
| | - G Mimiola
- CIHEAM - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari,via Ceglie 9,70010 - Valenzano (BA),Italy
| | - F Tittarelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria-Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo CREA - RPS,Rome,Italy
| | - G Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia,Università di Bologna,viale Fanin 42,40127 Bologna,Italy
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Di Vitantonio C, Depalo L, Marchetti E, Dindo ML, Masetti A. Response of the European Ladybird Adalia bipunctata and the Invasive Harmonia axyridis to a Neonicotinoid and a Reduced-Risk Insecticide. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:2076-2080. [PMID: 30010861 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Europe coincided with the decline of the native Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Both species are predators of aphids in orchards, and differential susceptibility to insecticides used to control fruit pests may contribute to explain the competitive advantage of the invasive over the native species. In this study, the insecticidal activity of imidacloprid and spinetoram was tested on third instars and adults of both ladybird species under laboratory conditions. Insects were exposed to insecticide residues on potted peach plants that were sprayed with the maximum recommended field doses (100 mg/liter for imidacloprid and 66.67 mg/liter for spinetoram). Mortality was scored after short (2 d for both stages) and long (7 and 10 d for adults and larvae, respectively) exposure periods. The susceptibility to the insecticides was very similar for H. axyridis and A. bipunctata. Imidacloprid caused a significant increase in the mortality of both stages of the two species for every exposure period. On the other hand, when exposed to spinetoram residues, larvae and adults of both ladybirds did not show higher mortality than controls after short and long exposure periods. The pest suppression provided by ladybirds, which could be severely hampered by the applications of nonselective pesticides, might be enhanced by the adoption of reduced-risk insecticides, selective for these beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Vitantonio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Depalo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Marchetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M L Dindo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Masetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bosch D, Rodríguez MA, Depalo L, Avilla J. Determination of the Baseline Susceptibility of European Populations of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Chlorantraniliprole and the Role of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:844-852. [PMID: 29438567 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the key pest on pome fruit and walnut orchards worldwide. Its resistance to available insecticides has been widely reported. Chlorantraniliprole is an anthranilic diamide that was introduced in European countries in 2008-2009 and acts by activating the insect's ryanodine receptors. The aims of this study were to determine the baseline susceptibility of European populations of C. pomonella to chlorantraniliprole, to establish the discriminant concentrations (DC) to check the possible development of resistance, and to know the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) in the possible susceptibility decrease of field populations to the insecticide. Ten field populations from Spain along with others were used to calculate the baseline response of larvae to chlorantraniliprole incorporated into the diet. A pooled probit line was calculated, and three DC were established: 0.3 mg a.i./kg (close to the LC50), 1.0 mg a.i./kg (close to the LC90), and 10 mg a.i./kg diets (threefold the LC99). The DC were used to test the susceptibility of 27 field populations from France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Spain. The corrected mortality observed in all cases ranged within the expected interval, even with Spanish populations that showed between 12.1 and 100.0% of individuals with high P450 activity. However, the mortality caused by the DC0.3 decreased as the mean P450 activity increased. Field populations resistant to other insecticides were susceptible to chlorantraniliprole. The determined baseline codling moth susceptibility is a valuable reference for tracking possible future alterations in the efficacy of the insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Bosch
- Sustainable Plant Protection Program (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Castilla, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcela A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Castilla, Concepción, Chile
| | - Laura Depalo
- DipSA (Department of Agricultural Science), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jesús Avilla
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Agrotecnio, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
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Depalo L, Lanzoni A, Masetti A, Pasqualini E, Burgio G. Lethal and Sub-lethal Effects of Four Insecticides on the Aphidophagous Coccinellid Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:2662-2671. [PMID: 29220516 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional insecticide assays, which measure the effects of insecticide exposure on short-term mortality, overlook important traits, including persistence of toxicity or sub-lethal effects. Therefore, such approaches are especially inadequate for prediction of the overall impact of insecticides on beneficial arthropods. In this study, the side effects of four modern insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, and spirotetramat) on Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions by exposition on treated potted plants. In addition to investigation of acute toxicity and persistence of harmful activity in both larvae and adults of A. bipunctata, demographic parameters were evaluated, to provide a comprehensive picture of the nontarget effects of these products. Field doses of the four insecticides caused detrimental effects to A. bipunctata; but in different ways. Overall, spinosad showed the best toxicological profile among the products tested. Emamectin benzoate could be considered a low-risk insecticide, but had high persistence. Chlorantraniliprole exhibited lethal effects on early instar larvae and adults, along with a long-lasting activity, instead spirotetramat showed a low impact on larval and adult mortality and can be considered a short-lived insecticide. However, demographic analysis demonstrated that chlorantraniliprole and spirotetramat caused sub-lethal effects. Our findings highlight that sole assessment of mortality can lead to underestimation of the full impact of pesticides on nontarget insects. Demographic analysis was demonstrated to be a sensitive method for detection of the sub-lethal effects of insecticides on A. bipunctata, and this approach should be considered for evaluation of insecticide selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Depalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Lanzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Edison Pasqualini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie-Entomologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
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