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Caponi JJ, Shmushkis J, Geissler H, Post MJ, Jackisch L, Mall EM. Protocol for differentiation of bovine adipogenic progenitor cells embedded in alginate sheets. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102143. [PMID: 36897775 PMCID: PMC10024048 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a cost-effective protocol to differentiate bovine fibro-adipogenic progenitors in a thin hydrogel sheet adherent to 96-well plates. We describe steps for the embedding and culturing of cells in alginate sheets, culture maintenance, and analysis. Compared to alternative three-dimensional (3D) models such as hydrogel-based microfibers, this approach simplifies automation while retaining efficient maturation of adipocytes. Embedded cells are still subjected to a 3D environment, but the sheets can be handled and analyzed like two-dimensional cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark J Post
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eva M Mall
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Mitić R, Cantoni F, Börlin CS, Post MJ, Jackisch L. A simplified and defined serum-free medium for cultivating fat across species. iScience 2022; 26:105822. [PMID: 36636339 PMCID: PMC9830212 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated meat is a promising technology with the potential to mitigate the ethical and environmental issues associated with traditional meat. Fat plays a key role in the meat flavor; therefore, development of suitable adipogenic protocols for livestock is essential. The traditional adipogenic cocktail containing IBMX, dexamethasone, insulin and rosiglitazone is not food-compatible. Here, we demonstrate that of the four inducers only insulin and rosiglitazone are necessary in both serum-free (DMAD) and serum-containing media, with DMAD outperforming FBS. Two glucocorticoid receptor activators, progesterone and hydrocortisone, found in DMAD and FBS, affect differentiation homogeneity, without playing an essential role in activating adipogenic genes. Importantly, this protocol leads to mature adipocytes in 3D culture. This was demonstrated in both media types and in four species: ruminant and monogastric. We therefore propose a simplified one-step adipogenic protocol which, given the replacement of rosiglitazone by a food-compatible PPARγ agonist, is suitable for making cultivated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Mitić
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, Limburg 6229 PM, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg 6211 LK, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark J. Post
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, Limburg 6229 PM, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg 6211 LK, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Jackisch
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, Limburg 6229 PM, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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Dohmen RGJ, Hubalek S, Melke J, Messmer T, Cantoni F, Mei A, Hueber R, Mitic R, Remmers D, Moutsatsou P, Post MJ, Jackisch L, Flack JE. Muscle-derived fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells for production of cultured bovine adipose tissue. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:6. [PMID: 35075125 PMCID: PMC8786866 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat is an emergent technology with the potential for significant environmental and animal welfare benefits. Accurate mimicry of traditional meat requires fat tissue; a key contributor to both the flavour and texture of meat. Here, we show that fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) are present in bovine muscle, and are transcriptionally and immunophenotypically distinct from satellite cells. These two cell types can be purified from a single muscle sample using a simple fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) strategy. FAPs demonstrate high levels of adipogenic potential, as measured by gene expression changes and lipid accumulation, and can be proliferated for a large number of population doublings, demonstrating their suitability for a scalable cultured meat production process. Crucially, FAPs reach a mature level of adipogenic differentiation in three-dimensional, edible hydrogels. The resultant tissue accurately mimics traditional beef fat in terms of lipid profile and taste, and FAPs thus represent a promising candidate cell type for the production of cultured fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G J Dohmen
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Hubalek
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tobias Messmer
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rui Hueber
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rada Mitic
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark J Post
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lavilla CJ, Billacura MP, Hanna K, Boocock DJ, Coveney C, Miles AK, Foulds GA, Murphy A, Tan A, Jackisch L, Sayers SR, Caton PW, Doig CL, McTernan PG, Colombo SL, Sale C, Turner MD. Carnosine protects stimulus-secretion coupling through prevention of protein carbonyl adduction events in cells under metabolic stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:65-79. [PMID: 34455039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by failure to control glucose homeostasis, with numerous diabetic complications attributable to the resulting exposure of cells and tissues to chronic elevated concentrations of glucose and fatty acids. This, in part, results from formation of advanced glycation and advanced lipidation end-products that are able to modify protein, lipid, or DNA structure, and disrupt normal cellular function. Herein we used mass spectrometry to identify proteins modified by two such adduction events in serum of individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, along with similar analyses of human and mouse skeletal muscle cells and mouse pancreatic islets exposed to glucolipotoxic stress. We also report that carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide, prevented 65-90% of 4-hydroxynonenal and 3-nitrotyrosine adduction events, and that this in turn preserved mitochondrial function and protected stimulus-secretion coupling in cells exposed to metabolic stress. Carnosine therefore offers significant therapeutic potential against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Jr Lavilla
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Merell P Billacura
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Katie Hanna
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Clare Coveney
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Amanda K Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alice Murphy
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Arnold Tan
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Laura Jackisch
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie R Sayers
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Craig L Doig
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sergio L Colombo
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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Jackisch L, Murphy AM, Kumar S, Randeva H, Tripathi G, McTernan PG. Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5837767. [PMID: 32413131 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dysfunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are known to contribute to the pathology of metabolic disease. This damage may occur, in part, as a consequence of ER-mitochondria cross-talk in conditions of nutrient excess such as obesity. To date, insight into this dynamic relationship has not been characterized in adipose tissue. Therefore, this study investigated whether ER stress contributes to the development of mitochondrial inefficiency in human adipocytes from lean and obese participants. METHODS Human differentiated adipocytes from Chub-S7 cell line and primary abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes from lean and obese participants were treated with tunicamycin to induce ER stress. Key parameters of mitochondrial function were assessed, including mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (MMP), and dynamics. RESULTS ER stress led to increased respiratory capacity in a model adipocyte system (Chub-S7 adipocytes) in a concentration and time dependent manner (24 h: 23%↑; 48 h: 68%↑, P < 0.001; 72 h: 136%↑, P < 0.001). This corresponded with mitochondrial inefficiency and diminished MMP, highlighting the formation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Morphological analysis revealed reorganization of mitochondrial network, specifically mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, p-DRP1, a key protein in fission, significantly increased (P < 0.001). Additionally, adipocytes from obese subjects displayed lower basal respiration (49%↓, P < 0.01) and were unresponsive to tunicamycin in contrast to their lean counterparts, demonstrating inefficient mitochondrial oxidative capacity. CONCLUSION These human data suggest that adipocyte mitochondrial inefficiency is driven by ER stress and exacerbated in obesity. Nutrient excess-induced ER stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that may therefore shift lipid deposition ectopically and thus have further implications on the development of related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jackisch
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Alice M Murphy
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Samavat J, Adaikalakoteswari A, Boachie J, Jackisch L, McTernan P, Christian M, Saravanan P. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to fatty acid metabolism dysregulation and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human adipocytes and in maternal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.65.p184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jackisch L, Kumsaiyai W, Moore JD, Al-Daghri N, Kyrou I, Barber TM, Randeva H, Kumar S, Tripathi G, McTernan PG. Differential expression of Lp-PLA2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes and the influence of lipids. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1155-1166. [PMID: 29427237 PMCID: PMC6449000 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a circulatory macrophage-derived factor that increases with obesity and leads to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, its role in adipose tissue and the adipocyte is unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were to clarify the expression of Lp-PLA2 in relation to different adipose tissue depots and type 2 diabetes, and ascertain whether markers of obesity and type 2 diabetes correlate with circulating Lp-PLA2. A final aim was to evaluate the effect of cholesterol on cellular Lp-PLA2 in an in vitro adipocyte model. METHODS Analysis of anthropometric and biochemical variables from a cohort of lean (age 44.4 ± 6.2 years; BMI 22.15 ± 1.8 kg/m2, n = 23), overweight (age 45.4 ± 12.3 years; BMI 26.99 ± 1.5 kg/m2, n = 24), obese (age 49.0 ± 9.1 years; BMI 33.74 ± 3.3 kg/m2, n = 32) and type 2 diabetic women (age 53.0 ± 6.13 years; BMI 35.08 ± 8.6 kg/m2, n = 35), as part of an ethically approved study. Gene and protein expression of PLA2 and its isoforms were assessed in adipose tissue samples, with serum analysis undertaken to assess circulating Lp-PLA2 and its association with cardiometabolic risk markers. A human adipocyte cell model, Chub-S7, was used to address the intracellular change in Lp-PLA2 in adipocytes. RESULTS Lp-PLA2 and calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) isoforms were altered by adiposity, as shown by microarray analysis (p < 0.05). Type 2 diabetes status was also observed to significantly alter gene and protein levels of Lp-PLA2 in abdominal subcutaneous (AbdSc) (p < 0.01), but not omental, adipose tissue. Furthermore, multivariate stepwise regression analysis of circulating Lp-PLA2 and metabolic markers revealed that the greatest predictor of Lp-PLA2 in non-diabetic individuals was LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.004). Additionally, in people with type 2 diabetes, oxidised LDL (oxLDL), triacylglycerols and HDL-cholesterol appeared important predictors, accounting for 59.7% of the variance (p < 0.001). Subsequent in vitro studies determined human adipocytes to be a source of Lp-PLA2, as confirmed by mRNA expression, protein levels and immunochemistry. Further in vitro experiments revealed that treatment with LDL-cholesterol or oxLDL resulted in significant upregulation of Lp-PLA2, while inhibition of Lp-PLA2 reduced oxLDL production by 19.8% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study suggests adipose tissue and adipocytes are active sources of Lp-PLA2, with differential regulation by fat depot and metabolic state. Moreover, levels of circulating Lp-PLA2 appear to be influenced by unfavourable lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes, which may occur in part through regulation of LDL-cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jackisch
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Warunee Kumsaiyai
- Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jonathan D Moore
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Human Metabolism Research Unit, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- College of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG1 8NS, UK.
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Henkel W, Jackisch L, Morgenstern E. [Calculation of the equivalent permanent sound-gauge and description of sound-gauge occurrence distribution using ADP equipment]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1971; 17:390-4. [PMID: 5566305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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