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Sanchez VA, Arnold ML, Betz JF, Reed NS, Faucette S, Anderson E, Burgard S, Coresh J, Deal JA, Eddins AC, Goman AM, Glynn NW, Gravens-Mueller L, Hampton J, Hayden KM, Huang AR, Liou K, Mitchell CM, Mosley TH, Neil HN, Pankow JS, Pike JR, Schrack JA, Sherry L, Teece KH, Witherell K, Lin FR, Chisolm TH. Description of the Baseline Audiologic Characteristics of the Participants Enrolled in the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Study. Am J Audiol 2024; 33:1-17. [PMID: 38166200 PMCID: PMC11001432 DOI: 10.1044/2023_aja-23-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study is a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effects of a best-practice hearing intervention versus a successful aging health education control intervention on cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with untreated mild-to-moderate hearing loss. We describe the baseline audiologic characteristics of the ACHIEVE participants. METHOD Participants aged 70-84 years (N = 977; Mage = 76.8) were enrolled at four U.S. sites through two recruitment routes: (a) an ongoing longitudinal study and (b) de novo through the community. Participants underwent diagnostic evaluation including otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone and speech audiometry, speech-in-noise testing, and provided self-reported hearing abilities. Baseline characteristics are reported as frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables or medians (interquartiles, Q1-Q3) for continuous variables. Between-groups comparisons were conducted using chi-square tests for categorical variables or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. Spearman correlations assessed relationships between measured hearing function and self-reported hearing handicap. RESULTS The median four-frequency pure-tone average of the better ear was 39 dB HL, and the median speech-in-noise performance was a 6-dB SNR loss, indicating mild speech-in-noise difficulty. No clinically meaningful differences were found across sites. Significant differences in subjective measures were found for recruitment route. Expected correlations between hearing measurements and self-reported handicap were found. CONCLUSIONS The extensive baseline audiologic characteristics reported here will inform future analyses examining associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline. The final ACHIEVE data set will be publicly available for use among the scientific community. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24756948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Sanchez
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Michelle L. Arnold
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Joshua F. Betz
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas S. Reed
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah Faucette
- The MIND Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | | | - Sheila Burgard
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer A. Deal
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ann Clock Eddins
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Adele M. Goman
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nancy W. Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Jaime Hampton
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Alison R. Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kaila Liou
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Christine M. Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- The MIND Center, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Haley N. Neil
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - James S. Pankow
- Minneapolis Field Center, University of Minnesota
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - James R. Pike
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura Sherry
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Frank R. Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Theresa H. Chisolm
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa
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Arnold ML, Haley W, Lin FR, Faucette S, Sherry L, Higuchi K, Witherell K, Anderson E, Reed NS, Chisolm TH, Sanchez VA. Development, assessment, and monitoring of audiologic treatment fidelity in the aging and cognitive health evaluation in elders (ACHIEVE) randomised controlled trial. Int J Audiol 2022; 61:720-730. [PMID: 34533430 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1973126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies investigating hearing interventions under-utilise and under-report treatment fidelity planning, implementation, and assessment. This represents a critical gap in the field that has the potential to impede advancements in the successful dissemination and implementation of interventions. Thus, our objective was to describe treatment fidelity planning and implementation for hearing intervention in the multi-site Ageing and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) randomised controlled trial. DESIGN Our treatment fidelity plan was based on a framework defined by the National Institutes of Health Behaviour Change Consortium (NIH BCC), and included strategies to enhance study design, provider training, and treatment delivery, receipt, and enactment. STUDY SAMPLE To assess the fidelity of the ACHIEVE hearing intervention, we distributed a checklist containing criteria from each NIH BCC core treatment fidelity category to nine raters. RESULTS The ACHIEVE hearing intervention fidelity plan satisfied 96% of NIH BCC criteria. Our assessment suggested a need for including clear, objective definitions of provider characteristics and non-treatment aspects of intervention delivery in future fidelity plans. CONCLUSIONS The ACHIEVE hearing intervention fidelity plan can serve as a framework for the application of NIH BCC fidelity strategies for future studies and enhance the ability of researchers to reliably implement evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Arnold
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of South Florida, Florida, FL, USA
| | - William Haley
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Frank R Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Faucette
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Laura Sherry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kerry Witherell
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas S Reed
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa H Chisolm
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of South Florida, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Victoria A Sanchez
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of South Florida, Florida, FL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ruiz-Estevez M, Crane AT, Rodriguez-Villamil P, Ongaratto FL, You Y, Steevens AR, Hill C, Goldsmith T, Webster DA, Sherry L, Lim S, Denman N, Low WC, Carlson DF, Dutton JR, Steer CJ, Gafni O. Liver development is restored by blastocyst complementation of HHEX knockout in mice and pigs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:292. [PMID: 34011403 PMCID: PMC8132445 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are over 17,000 patients in the US waiting to receive liver transplants, and these numbers are increasing dramatically. Significant effort is being made to obtain functional hepatocytes and liver tissue that can for therapeutic use in patients. Blastocyst complementation is a challenging, innovative technology that could fundamentally change the future of organ transplantation. It requires the knockout (KO) of genes essential for cell or organ development in early stage host embryos followed by injection of donor pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into host blastocysts to generate chimeric offspring in which progeny of the donor cells populate the open niche to develop functional tissues and organs. Methods The HHEX gene is necessary for proper liver development. We engineered loss of HHEX gene expression in early mouse and pig embryos and performed intraspecies blastocyst complementation of HHEX KO embryos with eGFP-labeled PSCs in order to rescue the loss of liver development. Results Loss of HHEX gene expression resulted in embryonic lethality at day 10.5 in mice and produced characteristics of lethality at day 18 in pigs, with absence of liver tissue in both species. Analyses of mouse and pig HHEX KO fetuses confirmed significant loss of liver-specific gene and protein expression. Intraspecies blastocyst complementation restored liver formation and liver-specific proteins in both mouse and pig. Livers in complemented chimeric fetuses in both species were comprised of eGFP-labeled donor-derived cells and survived beyond the previously observed time of HHEX KO embryonic lethality. Conclusions This work demonstrates that loss of liver development in the HHEX KO can be rescued via blastocyst complementation in both mice and pigs. This complementation strategy is the first step towards generating interspecies chimeras for the goal of producing human liver cells, tissues, and potentially complete organs for clinical transplantation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02348-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Estevez
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - A T Crane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - P Rodriguez-Villamil
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - F L Ongaratto
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - Yun You
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - A R Steevens
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - C Hill
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - T Goldsmith
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - D A Webster
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - L Sherry
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - S Lim
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - N Denman
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - W C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - D F Carlson
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA
| | - J R Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - C J Steer
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 36, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - O Gafni
- Recombinetics Inc., Stem Cell Technologies, 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN, 55121, USA.
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Short B, Brown J, Delaney C, Sherry L, Williams C, Ramage G, Kean R. Candida auris exhibits resilient biofilm characteristics in vitro: implications for environmental persistence. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:92-96. [PMID: 31226270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces within healthcare play a key role in the transmission of drug-resistant pathogens. Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast which can survive for prolonged periods on environmental surfaces. Here we show that the ability to form cellular aggregates increases survival after 14 days, which coincides with the upregulation of biofilm-associated genes. Additionally, the aggregating strain demonstrated tolerance to clinical concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and remained viable 14 days post treatment. The ability of C. auris to adhere to and persist on environmental surfaces emphasizes our need to better understand the biology of this fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Short
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Brown
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Delaney
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Sherry
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Williams
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - G Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Kean
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
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Kean R, Sherry L, Townsend E, McKloud E, Short B, Akinbobola A, Mackay W, Williams C, Jones B, Ramage G. Surface disinfection challenges for Candida auris: an in-vitro study. J Hosp Infect 2018; 98:433-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm has been suggested as a cause of disinfection failures in flexible endoscopes where no lapses in the decontamination procedure can be identified. To test this theory, the activity of peracetic acid, one of the widely used disinfectants in the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes, was evaluated against both planktonic and sessile communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AIM To investigate the ability of P. aeruginosa biofilm to survive high-level peracetic acid disinfection. METHOD The susceptibility of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa and biofilms aged 24, 48, 96, and 192 h to peracetic acid was evaluated by estimating their viability using resazurin viability and plate count methods. The biomass of the P. aeruginosa biofilms was also quantified using Crystal Violet assay. Planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa were treated with 5-30 ppm concentration of peracetic acid in the presence of 3.0 g/L of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 5 min. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa were also treated with various peracetic acid concentrations (100-3000 ppm) for 5 min. FINDINGS Planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa were eradicated by 20 ppm of peracetic acid, whereas biofilms showed an age-dependent tolerance to peracetic acid, and 96 h biofilm was only eradicated at peracetic acid concentration of 2500 ppm. CONCLUSION Ninety-six-hour P. aeruginosa biofilm survives 5 min treatment with 2000 ppm of peracetic acid, which is the working concentration used in some endoscope washer-disinfectors. This implies that disinfection failure of flexible endoscopes might occur when biofilms build up in the lumens of endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Akinbobola
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - L Sherry
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK; Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W G Mckay
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - G Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Williams
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing, and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.
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Rajendran R, Sherry L, Nile CJ, Sherriff A, Johnson EM, Hanson MF, Williams C, Munro CA, Jones BJ, Ramage G. Biofilm formation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with Candida albicans bloodstream infection-Scotland, 2012-2013. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:87-93. [PMID: 26432192 PMCID: PMC4721535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections caused by Candida species remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Biofilm formation by Candida species is an important virulence factor for disease pathogenesis. A prospective analysis of patients with Candida bloodstream infection (n = 217) in Scotland (2012–2013) was performed to assess the risk factors associated with patient mortality, in particular the impact of biofilm formation. Candida bloodstream isolates (n = 280) and clinical records for 157 patients were collected through 11 different health boards across Scotland. Biofilm formation by clinical isolates was assessed in vitro with standard biomass assays. The role of biofilm phenotype on treatment efficacy was also evaluated in vitro by treating preformed biofilms with fixed concentrations of different classes of antifungal. Available mortality data for 134 patients showed that the 30-day candidaemia case mortality rate was 41%, with predisposing factors including patient age and catheter removal. Multivariate Cox regression survival analysis for 42 patients showed a significantly higher mortality rate for Candida albicans infection than for Candida glabrata infection. Biofilm-forming ability was significantly associated with C. albicans mortality (34 patients). Finally, in vitro antifungal sensitivity testing showed that low biofilm formers and high biofilm formers were differentially affected by azoles and echinocandins, but not by polyenes. This study provides further evidence that the biofilm phenotype represents a significant clinical entity, and that isolates with this phenotype differentially respond to antifungal therapy in vitro. Collectively, these findings show that greater clinical understanding is required with respect to Candida biofilm infections, and the implications of isolate heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajendran
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Sherry
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C J Nile
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Sherriff
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - E M Johnson
- Public Health England, Southwest Laboratory, Bristol, UK
| | | | - C Williams
- University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - C A Munro
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - B J Jones
- Microbiology Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Ramage
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Neilson L, Wallerz J, Black D, Sherry L. W09-P-014 Investigation of ace inhibitor treatment on lesion development at two distinct vascular regions in the apo E deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(05)80170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Evidence for interactions between the endothelin (ET) and renin-angiotensin systems is plentiful in vitro, but few studies have investigated these interactions in vivo. In the study reported here, we have investigated the influence of chronic angiotensin-II (A-II) infusion in vivo on expression of preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) and endothelin-A- (ET(A)) and endothelin-B- (ET(B)) receptor mRNA in the heart. The role of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1)-receptor in mediating the actions of A-II was studied using losartan, the selective AT1-receptor antagonist. Male rats received an infusion of A-II (200 ng/kg/min) or vehicle for 14 days via mini-osmotic pumps; losartan (10 mg/kg/day) was administered in the drinking water. PPET-1 and ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptor mRNA were detected in heart sections using nonradioactive antisense in situ hybridization. Independent treatments with either A-II or losartan had no significant effect on PPET-1, ET(A)- or ET(B)-receptor expression. Combined treatment resulted in an increase in PPET-1 mRNA (p < 0.001) and ET(B)-receptor mRNA expression (p < 0.01), while ET(A)-receptor mRNA expression was decreased (p < 0.001). These results suggest that selective AT1-receptor blockade, in the presence of an elevated plasma A-II concentration, causes upregulation of ET-1 synthesis in the myocardium as well as modification of ET receptor expression. These effects may be mediated via angiotensin type 2 (AT2)-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E McEwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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McEwan PE, Gray GA, Sherry L, Webb DJ, Kenyon CJ. Differential effects of angiotensin II on cardiac cell proliferation and intramyocardial perivascular fibrosis in vivo. Circulation 1998; 98:2765-73. [PMID: 9851965 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.98.24.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) contribute to cardiac remodeling. Remodeling, in turn, may be influenced by proliferation of nonmyocytes. The aims of this study were to determine in vivo which cardiac cell types proliferate in response to Ang II, to evaluate whether proliferation is mediated by the Ang II AT1 receptor, and to establish whether blood pressure affects cell proliferation by comparing proliferation in the normotensive right atrium and ventricle and pressure-overloaded left ventricle. METHODS AND RESULTS Groups of 8 Wistar rats were implanted with miniosmotic pumps releasing 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) as a cell proliferation marker for 2 weeks. Two groups received Ang II infusions via a second minipump and drinking water+/-losartan. Two groups received vehicle+/-losartan. Cell proliferation was assessed as the percentage of nuclei that incorporated BrdU. Ang II increased proliferation within medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in associated adventitial/interstitial fibroblasts of intramyocardial coronary arterioles but decreased proliferation of myoendothelial cells. Despite increased blood pressure, proliferation in atria and ventricles was similar. Aldosterone levels were not significantly elevated, suggesting direct proliferative effects of Ang II. Losartan reduced Ang II-induced VSMC and adventitial fibroblast proliferation but had no effect on myoendothelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate direct, differential effects of Ang II on proliferation of atrial and ventricular nonmyocytes. VSMC and fibroblast proliferation is AT1 receptor-dependent, whereas myoendothelial cells are controlled by an AT1-independent mechanism. The effects are independent of aldosterone and blood pressure and have important implications in renin-dependent hypertension and chronic cardiac failure when circulating Ang II is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E McEwan
- Department of Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration had issued a warning to women that alcohol consumed during the prenatal period may cause deleterious effects on offspring. The present article examines the professional literature in regard to the history of and research in alcohol consumption by pregnant women. New research findings suggest that maternal alcohol consumption may be the cause for behaviors in children that have led to their being diagnosed as learning disabled. Hyperactivity, short attention span, and emotional lability in children may be the direct result of mothers' drinking during pregnancy. The present paper reaffirms the Food and Drug Administration's warning to pregnant women and potential mothers of the hazards of even mild or moderate drinking during pregnancy and the possible negative effects it may cause on a child's learning and behavior.
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12
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Sherry L. Screening for rubella susceptibility. JAMA 1982; 247:2500. [PMID: 7069916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Frequencies of non-task-oriented behaviors of 11 educable mentally retarded and 11 emotionally disturbed middle school students in Grades 7 and 8 were observed in the regular classroom and the resource room for two 20-min. periods. Frequencies of operationally defined behaviors were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance. Behavioral characteristics for the two groups did not differ significantly. Classroom placement, i.e., regular class or resource room, produced little difference in behavioral characteristics on the dimensions observed. Implications for placement of exceptional students based on categorical labels and special education vs regular classroom placements are considered based on overt classroom behaviors.
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