Corrigendum: Advances and potential of omics studies for understanding the development of food allergy

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1149008.].

Advances and potential of omics studies for understanding the development of food allergy

The prevalence of food allergy continues to rise globally, carrying with it substantial safety, economic, and emotional burdens. Although preventative strategies do exist, the heterogeneity of allergy trajectories and clinical phenotypes has made it difficult to identify patients who would benefit from these strategies. Therefore, further studies investigating the molecular mechanisms that differentiate these trajectories are needed. Large-scale omics studies have identified key insights into the molecular mechanisms for many different diseases, however the application of these technologies to uncover the drivers of food allergy development is in its infancy. Here we review the use of omics approaches in food allergy and highlight key gaps in knowledge for applying these technologies for the characterization of food allergy development.

Risk of self-reported symptoms or diagnosis of active tuberculosis in relationship to low body mass index, diabetes and their co-occurrence

OBJECTIVE

Globally, tuberculosis prevalence has declined, but its risk factors have varied across place and time - low body mass index (BMI) has persisted while diabetes has increased. Using India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS), wave 3 and World Health Survey (WHS) data, we examined their relationships to support projection of future trends and targeted control efforts.

METHODS

Multivariate logistic regressions at the individual level with and without diabetes/BMI interactions assessed the relationship between tuberculosis, diabetes and low BMI and the importance of risk factor co-occurrence. Population-level analyses examined how tuberculosis incidence and prevalence varied with diabetes/low BMI co-occurrence.

RESULTS

In NFHS, diabetic individuals had higher predicted tuberculosis risks (diabetic vs. non-diabetic: 2.50% vs. 0.63% at low BMI; 0.81% vs. 0.20% at normal BMI; 0.37% vs. 0.09% at high BMI), which were not significantly different when modelled independently or allowing for risk modification with diabetes/low BMI co-occurrence. WHS findings were generally consistent. Population-level analysis found that diabetes/low BMI co-occurrence may be associated with elevated tuberculosis risk, although its predicted effect on tuberculosis incidence/prevalence was generally ≤0.2 percentage points and not robustly statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Concerns about the additional elevation of tuberculosis risk from diabetes/low BMI co-occurrence and hence the need to coordinate tuberculosis control efforts around the nexus of co-occurring diabetes and low BMI may be premature. However, study findings robustly support the importance of individually targeting low BMI and diabetes as part of ongoing tuberculosis control efforts.

Evidence-based practice and the role of nursing leadership

A new term, evidence-based practice, is beginning to appear both in the healthcare literature and at professional, conferences. Its meaning, however, is not always clear, nor is its full implication for nurse administrators explained. This article provides a pragmatic definition of evidence-based practice developed in the nursing division at Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts. It outlines steps required to institutionalize evidence as a routine part of nursing practice and provide examples of its use.

Survey of cardiac rehabilitation centers in New York City

Out-patient cardiac rehabilitation centers in New York City were surveyed in order to determine current practices. All 24 centers operating as of May, 1987 were sent questionnaires; 16 responded for a return rate of 67 percent. In general, practices of the centers were in accord with guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Sports Medicine. The incidence of medical complications in the centers was quite rare, perhaps accounting for the failure of centers to follow all emergency guidelines of the AHA, such as daily testing of the defibrillator. The major aim of the centers was to enhance physiological status, rather narrowly defined as aerobic fitness and cardiovascular function. Little attention was paid to nutrition, body composition and strength, despite the fact that the value of broadening the concept of fitness to include these parameters is becoming evident. Lifestyle counseling to help in long-term rehabilitation was also rare. Third party payers should be encouraged to support such components of a rehabilitation program so that centers would be more likely to incorporate them.

Clinical zinc deficiency during long-term total enteral nutrition

Zinc deficiency during long-term total parenteral nutrition has been well reported in the literature. However, there is limited information available on zinc deficiency occurring during total enteral nutrition. Two cases of clinical zinc deficiency in patients on long-term enteral feedings are presented. Nutritional assessment of these two patients on admission revealed hypoalbuminemic malnutrition. Nutritional support in the form of nasogastric tube feedings were initiated in both patients due to altered mental status. The formula used was Ensure (Ross Labs, Columbus, OH), which provided greater than 150% of the RDA for zinc. However, four months and seven months after initiation of adequate nutritional support, both patients developed skin rashes around the groin and under the breasts and axilla. Serum zinc levels were depressed in both patients, to 42 and 54 mg/dL, respectively (normal for the authors' laboratory, 66 to 120 mg/dL). Supplementation with zinc sulfate 220 mg per day via nasogastric tube resulted in disappearance of the rash with return of serum zinc to normal levels. The authors suggest close observation of patients on long-term enteral nutrition for clinical manifestation of zinc deficiency, especially an unexplained skin rash. Further studies are needed to establish minimum daily zinc requirements in patients on long-term enteral feedings.

Fatty acids ofLindera umbellata and other Lauraceae seed oils

Seed kernel oils of seven species of Lauraceae were examined and the fatty acid composition of six of these was determined. The oil ofLindera umbellata had 4% ofcis-4-decenoic, 47% ofcis-4-dodecenoic, and 5% ofcis-4-tetradecenoic acid in the total fatty acids. Positive identification of these acids was made and new derivatives were prepared. Possible routes of biosynthesis are discussed.Oils from the other species did not contain more than a trace of unsaturated C(10)-C(14) acids. Their major acids were capric and lauric with varying amounts of unsaturated C(18) acids.