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Cummins L, Dawson K, Bayes S, Wilson V, Meedya S. Using the principles of practice development to address challenges in recruitment and data collection when face-to-face methods are unavailable. Nurse Res 2024:e1898. [PMID: 38419422 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2024.e1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers conducting studies involving pregnant women often find recruitment challenging. The COVID-19 pandemic added further complexity to studies requiring face-to-face participation. AIM To demonstrate how to maintain the principles of practice development (PD) when a study must switch from face-to-face to remote methods of collecting data. DISCUSSION The number of participants in the authors' study increased when they moved from face-to-face to telephone engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. They continued using PD principles when they changed method and the quality of the data they collected remained constant, even once lockdown restrictions were in place. CONCLUSION PD principles can offer ways for nurse researchers to engage, collaborate with and reflect with people for research projects, including when constraints compete with participation. They can also assist researchers in optimising and maintaining recruitment and data collection when face-to-face research methods are impossible. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The telephone can be a valuable alternative medium for recruiting participants and collecting data when face-to-face methods are impossible to use. PD principles can be maintained and response rates and participation may even be greater when using it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Cummins
- Australian Catholic University, Blacktown, NSW Australia
| | - Kate Dawson
- Faculty of Health Science/School of Nursing, Midwifery, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Sara Bayes
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Valerie Wilson
- person-centred healthcare, Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Shahla Meedya
- Australian Catholic University, Blacktown, NSW Australia
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Cummins L, Meedya S, Wilson V. Factors that positively influence in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding among women with gestational diabetes: An integrative review. Women Birth 2021; 35:3-10. [PMID: 33745821 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Women with gestational diabetes have higher rates of introducing infant formula before leaving hospital. BACKGROUND Despite health professional support, less women with gestational diabetes exclusively breastfeed in hospital. AIM To find factors that positively influence in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding practices among women with gestational diabetes. METHODS An online search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. Studies containing the keywords gestational diabetes and breastfeeding were retrieved. FINDINGS Authors identified 1935 papers from search criteria. Twenty-six papers with no restrictions on research design met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Factors were divided into personal, antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal factors. The main modifiable factors that were associated with improved in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates were having a strong intention to breastfeed, being confident, feeling supported and having continuity of education and support. Women's main reasons to introduce formula were related to baby's hypoglycaemia, delayed lactogenesis II and perceived low milk supply. Skin-to-skin contact after birth combined with frequent breastfeeds were effective ways to improve in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates. CONCLUSION Influencing factors such as women's breastfeeding intention, confidence and ongoing support are no different to the general population of women. However, promoting skin-to-skin contact after birth combined with frequent feeds are crucial for women with gestational diabetes who are more likely to introduce formula due to delayed lactogenesis II and fear of neonatal hypoglycaemia. There is a need for developing educational and supportive interventions that are tailored specifically for women who have gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Cummins
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Loftus St, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia.
| | - Shahla Meedya
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Valerie Wilson
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Loftus St, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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Lucas CJ, Lyell E, Koch B, Elder V, Cummins L, Lambert S, McMahon AT, Charlton KE. Feasibility of face-to-face and online learning methods to provide nutrition education to midwives, general practice nurses and student nurses. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2019; 2:80-85. [PMID: 33235961 PMCID: PMC7664485 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2019-000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Midwives and general practice nurses are ideally positioned to provide nutrition education to pregnant women. However, it appears that they do not receive sufficient nutrition training to enable them to fulfil this role. This study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a suite of learning resources developed specifically for midwives, general practice nurses and student nurses. A four-module suite of learning resources was developed based on recommendations in the Australian Antenatal Care Clinical Guidelines as well as formative evaluation with stakeholders. The feasibility of these modules was tested using a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design with three arms using convenient sampling (face-to-face with midwives; online with student nurses; and online with midwives, nurses and practice nurses). Completion rates across the three study arms were poor (n=40 participants in total). For the combined data, there was a significant increase in knowledge scores across all modules from the pretest score (median (IQR): 3.46 (2.09–4.13)) to the post-test score (5.66 (4.66–6.00)) (p<0.001). Studies of high quality are required to determine if changing the nutrition knowledge and confidence in delivering nutrition care of health professionals results in sustainable changes to their clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jane Lucas
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellen Lyell
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Britney Koch
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Elder
- Maternity and Women's Health, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne Cummins
- Maternity and Women's Health, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Lambert
- Higher Education Participation and Partnerships Program, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne T McMahon
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen E Charlton
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Keech A, Holgate K, Fildes J, Indraratna P, Cummins L, Lewis C, Yu J. High-intensity Interval Training for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Finding the Optimal Balance. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cummins L, Katikireddi VS, Shankaranarayana S, Su KYC, Duggan E, Videm V, Pahau H, Thomas R. Safety and retention of combination triple disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med J 2015; 45:1266-73. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Cummins
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - V. S. Katikireddi
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - S. Shankaranarayana
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - K. Y. C. Su
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - E. Duggan
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - V. Videm
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; St Olav University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - H. Pahau
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - R. Thomas
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Lucas C, Charlton K, Brown L, Brock E, Cummins L. Review of patient satisfaction with services provided by general practitioners in an antenatal shared care program. Aust Fam Physician 2015. [PMID: 26042405 DOI: 10.3316/informit.139602351082165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal shared care (ANSC) is a model of care in Australia whereby pregnant women are managed by their general practitioner (GP) and an obstetrician at a public antenatal clinic throughout the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's satisfaction with the ANSC program and the adequacy of advice provided to pregnant women. METHODS Women participating in ANSC in the Illawarra region of NSW were invited to complete a satisfaction survey, which included questions on relevant topics discussed with their GP. RESULTS Most women reported being highly satisfied with the ANSC service. Over half of the women had not received any information about breastfeeding and nutritional supplementation of iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lucas
- BSc, NutrDiet, APD, PhD Candidate, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW
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Lucas C, Charlton K, Brown L, Brock E, Cummins L. Antenatal shared care model: What do pregnant women and their healthcare providers know about iodine? Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Lucas CJ, Charlton KE, Brown L, Brock E, Cummins L. Antenatal shared care: are pregnant women being adequately informed about iodine and nutritional supplementation? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 54:515-21. [PMID: 25196454 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess nutrition-related knowledge and practices, including supplement use, of both pregnant women and healthcare providers that participate in antenatal shared care (ANSC). METHODS Pregnant women enrolled in ANSC (n = 142) completed a knowledge and practices survey and a validated iodine-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire. General practitioners (GP) and nurses (N = 61) participating in the ANSC program completed a short survey which assessed their knowledge about nutrition for pregnancy, focussing on iodine. RESULTS Both groups had poor knowledge about the importance and roles of iodine during pregnancy. Most women (82%) reported taking a supplement during their current pregnancy, and 70% were taking a supplement containing iodine. Only 26% of GPs discussed iodine supplementation with pregnant patients. The median (IQR) iodine intake of pregnant women was 189 (129-260) μg/day which meets the estimated average requirement (160 μg/day). Half (52%) of women's dietary iodine was provided by dairy foods, and only 7% came from fish and seafood. Most healthcare providers (74%) expressed interest in receiving ongoing professional education about iodine in pregnancy. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Ongoing nutrition education for ANSC health practitioners is required to ensure that women receive sufficient dietary advice for optimal pregnancy outcomes. Further research is required to address reasons behind dietary choices of Australian pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Lucas
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Chay J, Donovan P, Cummins L, Kubler P, Pillans P. Experience with low-dose rituximab in off-label indications at two tertiary hospitals. Intern Med J 2014; 43:871-82. [PMID: 23919335 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against B cells and is increasingly used to treat a variety of autoimmune conditions. Most published evidence reporting the successful use of rituximab in off-label indications has empirically used a high-dose regimen (either 375 mg/m(2) weekly for 4 weeks, or 1000 mg × 2), which is the approved course of treatment for lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis patients. AIMS The aims of this report are to review the indications, outcomes and adverse events of low-dose (500 mg twice, given 1-2 weeks apart), off-label use of rituximab in our institutions, and to review the available evidence. METHODS We performed a retrospective audit of the off-label use of low-dose rituximab at two university teaching, tertiary referral hospitals, from mid-2008 until the end of 2011. RESULTS Off-label rituximab was given to 52 patients (53 indications) across a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions. Outcomes were known for 46 conditions (affecting 45 patients), and of these, complete responses were observed in 16 (35%) conditions and a further 19 (41%) had a partial response. There was no response to rituximab in 11 (24%) patients. There were eight significant adverse events, mostly related to infectious complications. CONCLUSION This case series suggests that low-dose courses of rituximab can be used off-label to treat several severe and/or refractory immunological disorders with a reasonable safety profile; however, further trials are required in many off-label indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chay
- Department of Rheumatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Caruthers MH, Beaton G, Cummins L, Graff D, Ma YX, Marshall WS, Sasmor H, Norris P, Yau EK. Synthesis and biochemical studies of dithioate DNA. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 158:158-66; discussion 166-8. [PMID: 1718668 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514085.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dithioate DNA was synthesized and used for various biochemical studies. Results from these studies indicate that dithioate DNA is a potent inhibitor of HIV Reverse Transcriptase, activates endogenous RNase H in HeLa cell nuclear extracts, and is a useful probe for studying protein-DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Caruthers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215
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11
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Douglas RM, Lai JCK, Bian S, Cummins L, Moczydlowski E, Haddad GG. The calcium-sensitive large-conductance potassium channel (BK/MAXI K) is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane of rat brain. Neuroscience 2006; 139:1249-61. [PMID: 16567053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels are known to be expressed in the plasmalemma of central neurons; however, recent data suggest that large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels may also be present in mitochondrial membranes. To determine the subcellular localization and distribution of large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels, rat brain fractions obtained by Ficoll-sucrose density gradient centrifugation were examined by Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and immuno-gold electron microscopy. Immunoblotting studies demonstrated the presence of a consistent signal for the alpha subunit of the large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channel in the mitochondrial fraction. Double-labeling immunofluorescence also demonstrated that large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels are present in mitochondria and co-localize with mitochondrial-specific proteins such as the translocase of the inner membrane 23, adenine nucleotide translocator, cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV-subunit 1 and the inner mitochondrial membrane protein but do not co-localize with calnexin, an endoplasmic reticulum marker. Western blotting of discrete subcellular fractions demonstrated that cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV-subunit 1 was only expressed in the mitochondrial fraction whereas actin, acetylcholinesterase, cadherins, calnexin, 58 kDa Golgi protein, lactate dehydrogenase and microtubule-associated protein 1 were not, demonstrating the purity of the mitochondrial fraction. Electron microscopic examination of the mitochondrial pellet demonstrated gold particle labeling within mitochondria, indicative of the presence of large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These studies provide concrete morphological evidence for the existence of large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels in mitochondria: our findings corroborate the recent electrophysiological evidence of mitochondrial large-conductance voltage- and calcium-sensitive channels in glioma and cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Douglas
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Respiratory Medicine), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Abstract
Recent work has highlighted the presence of diverse glutathione-dependent enzymes in plants with potential roles in the detoxification of both xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. In particular, studies on glutathione transferases are further characterising their role in xenobiotic metabolism, and also raising intriguing possible roles in endogenous metabolism. The solution of their three-dimensional structures together with studies on their molecular diversity and substrate specificity is providing new insights into the function and classification of these enigmatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Dixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Stratton L, Dempsey E, Cummins L. Effective/simple variance trending. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1996; 27:32B, 32F. [PMID: 8932100 DOI: 10.1097/00006247-199610000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a simple, effective process that provides facilitated variance tracking while meeting the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' requirement for Multidisciplinary Care Plans.
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Abstract
The biochemical and physicochemical properties of DNA oligomers containing phosphorodithioate linkages in various configurations were evaluated. Duplex stability studies, which were carried out by thermal denaturation analysis with complementary unmodified DNA, indicated a highly cooperative process similar to completely unmodified duplexes. Oligomers containing phosphorodithioate linkages were found to have reduced melting temperatures relative to unmodified duplexes, with the degree of Tm depression paralleling the percent phosphorodithioate composition of the oligomer. Relative to activation of RNase H, DNA oligomers containing up to 50% phosphorodithioate linkages were able to direct RNase H degradation with the same efficiency as unmodified DNA while those containing from 50 to 100% acted with somewhat reduced efficiency. At limiting concentrations, an oligomer containing alternating phosphorodithioate and phosphate linkages was able to direct RNase H degradation of the target RNA in an extended incubation, while an unmodified oligomer did not. The nuclease resistance of phosphorodithioate-containing oligomers was evaluated in HeLa cell nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, in human serum, and with nucleases S1 and DNase I. Oligomers containing alternating phosphorodithioate and phosphate were highly resistant to degradation in all systems. However, oligomers having more than one unmodified linkage separating phosphorodithioates were degraded rapidly by DNase I, while demonstrating stability to degradation in all other systems tested. These results indicate that phosphorodithioate-containing DNA oligomers are highly nuclease-resistant, are able to form stable duplexes with complementary nucleic acid sequences, and efficiently direct RNase H degradation of target RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cummins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309-0215, USA
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Cossum PA, Sasmor H, Dellinger D, Truong L, Cummins L, Owens SR, Markham PM, Shea JP, Crooke S. Disposition of the 14C-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotide ISIS 2105 after intravenous administration to rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267:1181-90. [PMID: 8166890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5'-TTGCTTCCATCTTCCTCGTC-3' (ISIS 2105) is a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide currently being evaluated as an intralesional antiviral drug for the treatment of genital warts that are caused by the human papillomavirus. ISIS 2105, labeled with 14C (at the carbon-2 position of thymine) was administered as a single i.v. injection (3.6 mg/kg) to female Sprague-Dawley rats to assess the disposition of the drug. After i.v. administration of [14C]2105, blood radioactivity disappeared in a multiexponential manner with the half-lives of the phases equal to 0.4, 1.9, 7.1 and 5.1 hr. The initial volume of distribution was 22 ml and the postdistribution volume of distribution was 1076 ml, which indicated an extensive distribution of radioactivity. The apparent blood clearance was 14.7 ml/hr. The radioactivity in the expired air accounted for 51% of the administered dose over the 10-day period. Urinary and fecal radioactivity accounted for 15% and 5% of the administered dose, respectively. The major sites of radioactivity uptake were the liver (up to 22.6% of the dose), kidneys (renal cortex, up to 14% of the dose), bone marrow (up to 14% of the dose), skin (up to 13% of the dose) and skeletal muscle (up to 9% of the dose). Other tissues contained approximately 1% or less of the dose. The overall recovery of radioactivity 10 days postdosing was 95.1 +/- 7.5% (mean +/- S.D.) of the administered single dose. The radioactivity in the blood was almost completely in the plasma during the course of the study. In the plasma, the radioactivity was extensively bound to proteins, as assessed by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in samples up to 8 hr postdosing. Retention data on size-exclusion HPLC and in vitro incubations using purified proteins suggested that the plasma proteins that bound [14C]2105 were albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. The complex formed between the plasma proteins and [14C]2105-derived radioactivity was dissociated on anion-exchange HPLC to indicate that the great majority of plasma radioactivity coeluted with intact [14C]2105 in samples that contained sufficient radioactivity for analysis. There was a time-dependent decrease in the proportion of hepatic and renal radioactivity that coeluted with the intact [14C]2105 during the course of the study. The urine did not contain radioactivity that eluted with intact [14C]2105 on anion-exchange HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Cossum
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California
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Kemmann E, Cummins L, Dietzel H. Salmonella abscess in an ovarian endometrioma. N J Med 1993; 90:596-7. [PMID: 8414206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The authors present a patient with an abscess due to Salmonella in an ovarian endometrioma. The apparent inoculation occurred nine months before surgery. This patient had no signs of active infection; her symptoms suggested endometriosis only.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kemmann
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Brunswick 08903
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Sanghvi YS, Hoke GD, Freier SM, Zounes MC, Gonzalez C, Cummins L, Sasmor H, Cook PD. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: synthesis, biophysical and biological evaluation of oligodeoxynucleotides containing modified pyrimidines. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:3197-203. [PMID: 8393563 PMCID: PMC309755 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.14.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Azathymidine, 6-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, 6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and 5,6-dimethyl-2'-deoxyuridine nucleosides have been converted to phosphoramidite synthons and incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). ODNs containing from 1 to 5 of these modified pyrimidines were compared with known 2'-deoxyuridine, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-bromo-2'-deoxycytidine, and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine nucleoside modifications. Stability in 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum, binding affinities to RNA and DNA complements, and ability to support RNase H degradation of targeted RNA in DNA-RNA heteroduplexes were measured to determine structure-activity relationships. 6-Azathymidine capped ODNs show an enhanced stability in serum (7- to 12-fold increase over unmodified ODN) while maintaining hybridization properties similar to the unmodified ODNs. A 22-mer ODN having its eight thymine bases replaced by eight 6-azathymines or 5-bromouracils hybridized to a target RNA and did not inhibit RNase H mediated degradation.
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Lafrado L, Javadian M, Marr J, Wright K, Kelliher J, Dezzutti C, Cummins L, Olsen R. Lymphocyte and neutrophil dysfunction associated with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis non‐A, non‐B virus infection in the chimpanzee. J Med Primatol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1991.tb00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Lafrado
- The Ohio State UniversityCenter for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOH
| | - M.A. Javadian
- Department of BiologyNew Mexico State UniversityHolloman Air Force BaseNM
| | - J.M. Marr
- The Ohio State UniversityCenter for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOH
| | - K.A. Wright
- The Ohio State UniversityCenter for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOH
| | - J.C. Kelliher
- Primate Research InstituteNew Mexico State UniversityHolloman Air Force BaseNM
| | - C.S. Dezzutti
- The Ohio State UniversityCenter for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOH
| | - L. Cummins
- The White Sands Research CenterAlamogordoNMU.S.A
| | - R.G. Olsen
- The Ohio State UniversityCenter for Retrovirus ResearchColumbusOH
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Lafrado LJ, Javadian MA, Marr JM, Wright KA, Kelliher JC, Dezzutti CS, Cummins L, Olsen RG. Lymphocyte and neutrophil dysfunction associated with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis non-A, non-B virus infection in the chimpanzee. J Med Primatol 1991; 20:302-7. [PMID: 1757973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees were examined for the effect of viral hepatitis infections on specific and nonspecific immune response mechanisms. The data suggest that infection with either hepatitis B virus or hepatitis non-A, non-B virus may result in suppression of cellular immune response components. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was lower in virus-infected chimpanzees than in naive animals. Neutrophils from virus infected animals exhibited decreased or altered chemiluminescence kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Lafrado
- Ohio State University, Center for Retrovirus Research, Columbus
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20
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Cummins L. Pediatric crohn's disease. West J Med 1989; 150:589. [PMID: 2741458 PMCID: PMC1026687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ellis
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Orange County, Irvine, CA 92668
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22
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Branum E, Cummins L, Bartilson M, Hopper M, Pruett S, O'Brien JF. Effect of two anticoagulants on leukocyte yield and function, and on lysosomal enzyme activity. Clin Chem 1988; 34:110-3. [PMID: 2892594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We compared acid citrate-dextrose (ACD-B) and heparin to determine which anticoagulant better preserves leukocytes for lysosomal enzyme assays if processing was done immediately or delayed for 24 h or more. Twenty normal subjects had blood drawn into tubes containing either ACD-B or heparin. The leukocytes were isolated by sedimentation in dextran (50 g/L) less than 2, 24, 48, and 72 h later. The most apparent difference was that cell counts indicated a 30% reduction in the number of leukocytes for ACD-B and a 95% reduction for heparin-treated cells at 48 h. The neutrophil function assay indicated that leukocyte processing must be done in less than 24 h regardless of the anticoagulant used, and that heparin is to be preferred. A comparison of heparin and ACD-B for maintenance of the activity of arylsulfatase A (EC 3.2.6.1) and hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.50) indicates that there is no effect of anticoagulant. However, at 48 h after venipuncture, there is an 80% reduction in the number of heparin-treated samples that are suitable for use in the assay. Those laboratories doing lysosomal enzyme tests on mailed specimens, which are most often greater than 24 h old, should use ACD-B as anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Branum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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23
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Branum E, Cummins L, Bartilson M, Hopper M, Pruett S, O'Brien JF. Effect of two anticoagulants on leukocyte yield and function, and on lysosomal enzyme activity. Clin Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/34.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We compared acid citrate-dextrose (ACD-B) and heparin to determine which anticoagulant better preserves leukocytes for lysosomal enzyme assays if processing was done immediately or delayed for 24 h or more. Twenty normal subjects had blood drawn into tubes containing either ACD-B or heparin. The leukocytes were isolated by sedimentation in dextran (50 g/L) less than 2, 24, 48, and 72 h later. The most apparent difference was that cell counts indicated a 30% reduction in the number of leukocytes for ACD-B and a 95% reduction for heparin-treated cells at 48 h. The neutrophil function assay indicated that leukocyte processing must be done in less than 24 h regardless of the anticoagulant used, and that heparin is to be preferred. A comparison of heparin and ACD-B for maintenance of the activity of arylsulfatase A (EC 3.2.6.1) and hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.50) indicates that there is no effect of anticoagulant. However, at 48 h after venipuncture, there is an 80% reduction in the number of heparin-treated samples that are suitable for use in the assay. Those laboratories doing lysosomal enzyme tests on mailed specimens, which are most often greater than 24 h old, should use ACD-B as anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Branum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - L Cummins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - M Bartilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - M Hopper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - S Pruett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - J F O'Brien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Corley DL, Gevirtz R, Nideffer R, Cummins L. Prevention of postinfectious asthma in children by reducing self-inoculatory behavior. J Pediatr Psychol 1987; 12:519-31. [PMID: 3430284 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/12.4.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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25
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Frank IC, Cummins L. Amanita poisoning treated with endoscopic biliary diversion. J Emerg Nurs 1987; 13:132-6. [PMID: 3298772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fairshter RD, Bhola R, Thomas R, Wilson AF, Hyatt J, Snapp S, Cummins L. Comparison of clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of once-daily Uniphyl and twice-daily Theo-Dur in asthmatic patients. Am J Med 1985; 79:48-53. [PMID: 4083298 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A pharmacokinetic study using theophylline syrup in adult asthmatic patients demonstrated a mean apparent volume of distribution of 0.38 liters/kg, mean elimination rate constant of 0.10 hours-1, and variable rates of clearance of theophylline (total body clearance of 0.38 to 0.96 ml/kg per minute). Subsequently, the asthmatic patients were compared using a cross-over design after maintenance Uniphyl (once daily at 8 a.m. or at 8 p.m.) and Theo-Dur (twice daily at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m.). Total daily maintenance theophylline dosage, calculated from the pharmacokinetic data, was identical in all three cross-over phases. At the end of each phase, plasma theophylline levels were measured every two hours and spirometric determinations were made every four hours (excluding 4 a.m.) for 24 hours. The following results were observed: highest peak and mean plasma theophylline concentration and area under the concentration-time curves with evening Uniphyl (p less than 0.05); prolonged time-to-peak theophylline concentration after nocturnal compared with daytime dosing; diurnal variation in pulmonary function and plasma theophylline concentrations; no significant differences between the three maintenance treatments in asthmatic symptoms or spirometric results.
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Abstract
A theoretical model is presented that simulates the thermal effects of laser radiation incident on biological tissue. The multiple scattering and absorption of the laser beam and the thermal diffusion process in the tissue are evaluated by a numerical technique that is well suited for microcomputers. Results are compared with recent empirical observations.
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Jeffery J, Cummins L, Carlquist M, Jörnvall H. Properties of sorbitol dehydrogenase and characterization of a reactive cysteine residue reveal unexpected similarities to alcohol dehydrogenases. Eur J Biochem 1981; 120:229-34. [PMID: 7032910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sorbitol dehydrogenase was characterized as a homogeneous protein on affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. Tests of stability, sensitivity to inhibitors, and protection by coenzyme suggest that the enzyme has essential cysteine, metal, and probably histidine. The native enzyme has a molecular weight around 140 000 and a subunit around 35 000--40 000, suggesting a tetrameric quaternary structure. Subunits are highly similar if not identical as judged by characterization of one unique 45-residue sequence containing a single reactive cysteine residue. Properties resemble those of mammalian and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases, and the sequence determined for the region around the reactive cysteine residue is homologous to that around one of the zinc-liganding cysteine residues at the active site of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Sorbitol dehydrogenase thus reveals an unexpected relationship to alcohol dehydrogenases, from which ancestral connections and functional mechanisms in this group of enzymes may be further elucidated.
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Wroblewska Z, Gilden D, Devlin M, Huang ES, Rorke LB, Hamada T, Furukawa T, Cummins L, Kalter S, Koprowski H. Cytomegalovirus isolation from a chimpanzee with acute demyelinating disease after inoculation of multiple sclerosis brain cells. Infect Immun 1979; 25:1008-15. [PMID: 227786 PMCID: PMC414549 DOI: 10.1128/iai.25.3.1008-1015.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A strain of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was isolated during the third subcultivation of explants from the left frontal lobe of a chimpanzee that developed paralysis more than 3 years after intracerebral inoculation at birth with brain cell cultures derived from a patient with multiple sclerosis. Another strain of CMV was also isolated from a lymph node culture taken from the same chimp. The isolates, designated MZM-13 and MZM-14, produced a cytopathic effect characteristic for CMV when inoculated into brain, ganglion, or fibroblast cultures of human or simian origin. Infected cells contained characteristic Cowdry A intranuclear as well as intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and 100-nm spherical herpes-like virus particles were detected by electron microscopy in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells. Virus was further identified as CMV with convalescent human anti-CMV serum. Complement-fixing antibody to CMV was present at a titer of 1:32 when the acutely ill chimpanzee was sacrificed. No antibody was detected at birth or at 1 or 2 years of age. A newborn chimpanzee inoculated intracerebrally with MZM-13 developed clinically asymptomatic lesions in the central nervous system characterized by acute and chronic inflammation and degeneration of myelin in cranial and spinal nerve roots. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from these two viruses indicated that MZM-13 and MZM-14 are identical and are closely related to chimpanzee CMV. No similarity in restriction endonuclease fragment patterns was found between MZM virus and the Towne and Clegg strains of human CMV.
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Nancarrow CD, Buckmaster J, Chamley W, Cox RI, Cumming IA, Cummins L, Drinan JP, Findlay JK, Goding JR, Restall BJ, Schneider W, Thorburn GD. Hormonal changes around oestrus in the cow. J Reprod Fertil 1973; 32:320-1. [PMID: 4734602 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0320320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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