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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Runfeldt G, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Delineating the dispersal of Y-chromosome sub-haplogroup O2a2b-P164 among Austronesian-speaking populations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2066. [PMID: 38267477 PMCID: PMC10808098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reports on an exploration of the Y-chromosome sub-haplogroup O2a2b-P164 in Austronesian-speaking populations. Moderate to high abundance of the P 164 mutation is seen in the West Pacific including the Amis of Formosa (36%) and the Filipinos of Mindanao (50%) as well as in the Kiritimati of Micronesia (70%), and Tonga and Samoa of West Polynesia (54% and 33%, respectively), and it drops to low frequencies in populations of East Polynesia. The communities of Polynesia and Micronesia exhibit considerable inter- and intra-population haplotype sharing suggesting extensive population affinity. The observed affinities, as well as the ages and diversity values within the P 164 sub-haplogroup among Austronesian-speaking populations signal an ancestral migration route and relationships that link the Amis of Taiwan with distant communities in West and East Polynesia, Micronesia, and the Maori of New Zealand. High resolution sequencing of the Austronesian Y chromosome indicate that the P 164 lineage originated about 19,000 ya and then split into three branches separating the Ami aborigines, Southeast Asian and Polynesian/Micronesian populations about 4700 ya, roughly coinciding with the initiation of the Austronesian diaspora. The Y-chromosomes of all the Polynesian and Micronesian population examined belong to the new FT 257096 haplogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Ralph Garcia-Bertrand
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903-3294, USA
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903-3294, USA.
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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Deshpande K, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Peña JA, de Pancorbo MM, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. On the Y chromosome of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and the Indian subcontinent. Gene 2023; 859:147175. [PMID: 36632908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several migratory waves from various origins along with cultural practices restricting marriages between people of different castes and tribes as well as continued endogamy have led to a complex and diverse society in the Indian subcontinent. Despite being widely represented in genetic studies, several interrogatives remain with regards to India's current genetic constituents and distributions, source populations and population relationships. To identify the forces that may have shaped Indian population's genetic relationships, we undertook a comprehensive comparative study of the Y-chromosomes across India utilizing Y-STR and Y-SNP chromosomal markers using the general population of Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu as a point of reference. Our analyses identify differences in source populations for different regions within India, unique linguistic characteristics as well as demographic and cultural forces that may have shaped population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ketaki Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Miguel A Alfonso-Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose A Peña
- Departamento de Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Bidirectional dispersals during the peopling of the North American Arctic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1268. [PMID: 36690673 PMCID: PMC9871004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is thought that Paleo-Inuit were the first people that settled the American Arctic about 5000 BP (before the present) from a migration that crossed Beringia from Northeast Asia. It is theorized that this group initially migrated to the North Slopes of Alaska and subsequently expanded eastward, eventually reaching Greenland. A second circumpolar dispersal of Neo-Inuit from the North Slopes associated with the Thule-Inuk culture has been postulated to have extended eastward around 800 BP, totally replacing the original Paleo-Inuit without admixing. Although generally accepted, this migration scenario is incompatible with previously reported indications of east to west gene flow across the American Arctic. Here we report on the Y-chromosome haplogroup and Y-STR diversity of the four circumpolar populations of the Tuva Republic (N = 24), Northeast Siberia (N = 9), Bethel, Alaska (N = 40), and Barrow, Alaska (N = 31). Four haplogroup lineages (Q-NWT01, Q-M3, Q-M346, and Q-M120) were detected, Q-NWT01 and Q-M3 being the most abundant at 11.11 and 66.67% in Northeast Siberia, 32.50 and 65.00% in Bethel, and 67.74 and 32.26% in Barrow, respectively. The same samples genotyped for Y-chromosome SNPs were typed for 17 Y-STYR loci using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler system. Age estimates and diversity values for the Q-NWT01 and Q-M3 mutations suggest extensive movement of male individuals along the entire longitudinal stretch of the American circumpolar region. Throughout the entire region, Q-M3 exhibits a west to east decreasing gradient in age and diversity while Q-NWT01 indicates the opposite with older TMRCA and higher diversity values running from east to west with the most recent estimates in Canada and Alaska. The high age and diversity values in Greenland are congruent with an origin of the Q-NWT01 mutation in the east of the circumpolar range about 2000-3000 ya. This scenario is incompatible with a complete biological replacement starting about 700 BP of Paleo-Inuit like the Dorset by the Thule-Inuit (Neo-Inuit), as is currently thought, and more parsimonious with gene flow carrying the NWT01 mutation from a pre-Thule population to the ancestors of the present-day Inuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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Palencia-Madrid L, Baeta M, Kleinbielen T, Toro-Delgado N, Villaescusa P, Sanchez-Bustamante E, de Pancorbo MM, Luis JR, Ware KE, Somarelli JA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Post-Austronesian migrational wave of West Polynesians to Micronesia. Gene 2022; 823:146357. [PMID: 35189246 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers in the population of the island of Kiritimati in the context of geographically targeted reference populations from the Pacific. Kiritimati derives its population from the atoll islands of the Gilbert Archipelago and representsa geographicaltransitional region between Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia that likely played a critical role during theAustronesian expansion. The large presence(84.1%)of individuals withO-M175, O2a-M324 and O2a2b-P164 sub-haplogroups, 69.9% being O2a2b-P164, the Y-STR homogeneity within O2a2b-P164 and the very recent age of the sub-haplogroup(363-548 years ago)inKiritimati suggestthe arrival ofa genetically homogenous population to the Gilberteses followed by a population expassion.The close Y-STR haplotype affinities with profiles from the Samoa and Tonga Archipelagos point to an unprecedented massive post-Austronesian expansionexodus from West Polynesia.Contrasting the abundance of AustronesianO2a2b-P164 sub-haplogroup, the most abundantMelanesian/Papuansub-haplogroup,C-M130is present at a frequency of 13.5%. Thenetwork topology suggests that C-M130 arrived to theKiribati Archipelago from West Polynesia, specifically from West Samoa, Tonga and/or Tutuila subsequent to the Austronesian expansion about 832-1408 years ago. The haplotype affinities withinO2a2b-P164 argue for anoriginal source in Taiwan and its dispersal to West Polynesia and then to Southeast Micronesia. The present investigation provides an understanding of the genetic composition and complex migration history of an understudied region of the Pacific and provides evidence for recent dispersals towards Micronesia from West Polynesia subsequent to the initial Austronesian expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Tamara Kleinbielen
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nerea Toro-Delgado
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Elena Sanchez-Bustamante
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
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Tätte K, Metspalu E, Post H, Palencia-Madrid L, Luis JR, Reidla M, Tamm E, Ilumäe AM, de Pancorbo MM, Garcia-Bertrand R, Metspalu M, Herrera RJ. Genetic characterization of populations in the Marquesas Archipelago in the context of the Austronesian expansion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5312. [PMID: 35351918 PMCID: PMC8964752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our exploration of the genetic constitution of Nuku Hiva (n = 51), Hiva Oa (n = 28) and Tahuata (n = 8) of the Marquesas Archipelago based on the analyses of genome-wide autosomal markers as well as high-resolution genotyping of paternal and maternal lineages provides us with information on the origins and settlement of these islands at the fringe of the Austronesian expansion. One widespread theme that emerges from this study is the genetic uniformity and relative isolation exhibited by the Marquesas and Society populations. This genetic homogeneity within East Polynesia groups is reflected in their limited average heterozygosity, uniformity of constituents in the Structure analyses, reiteration of complete mtDNA sequences, marked separation from Asian and other Oceanic populations in the PC analyses, limited differentiation in the PCAs and large number of IBD segments in common. Both the f3 and the Outgroup f3 results provide indications of intra-East Polynesian gene flow that may have promoted the observed intra-East Polynesia genetic homogeneity while ALDER analyses indicate that East Polynesia experienced two gene flow episodes, one relatively recent from Europe that coincides roughly with the European incursion into the region and an early one that may represent the original settlement of the islands by Austronesians. Median Network analysis based on high-resolution Y-STR loci under C2a-M208 generates a star-like topology with East Polynesian groups (especially from the Society Archipelago) in central stem positions and individuals from the different populations radiating out one mutational step away while several Samoan and outlier individuals occupy peripheral positions. This arrangement of populations is congruent with dispersals of C2a-M208 Y chromosomes from East Polynesia as a migration hub signaling dispersals in various directions. The equivalent ages of the C2a-M208 lineage of the populations in the Network corroborate an east to west flow of the most abundant Polynesian Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tätte
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Post
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maere Reidla
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erika Tamm
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne-Mai Ilumäe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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Tätte K, Metspalu E, Post H, Palencia-Madrid L, Luis JR, Reidla M, Rea A, Tamm E, Moding EJ, de Pancorbo MM, Garcia-Bertrand R, Metspalu M, Herrera RJ. The Ami and Yami aborigines of Taiwan and their genetic relationship to East Asian and Pacific populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1092-1102. [PMID: 33753914 PMCID: PMC8298601 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on the genetic characteristics of the Ami and Yami, two aboriginal populations of Taiwan. Y-SNP and mtDNA markers as well as autosomal SNPs were utilized to investigate the phylogenetic relationships to groups from MSEA (mainland Southeast Asia), ISEA (island Southeast Asia), and Oceania. Both the Ami and Yami have limited genetic diversity, with the Yami having even less diversity than the Ami. The partitioning of populations within the PCA plots based on autosomal SNPs, the profile constitution observed in the structure analyses demonstrating similar composition among specific populations, the average IBD (identical by descent) tract length gradients, the average total length of genome share among the populations, and the outgroup f3 results all indicate genetic affinities among populations that trace a geographical arc from Taiwan south into the Philippine Archipelago, Borneo, Indonesia, and Melanesia. Conversely, a more distant kinship between the Ami/Yami and MSEA based on all the markers examined, the total mtDNA sequences as well as the admixture f3 and f4 analyses argue against strong genetic contribution from MSEA to the Austronesian dispersal. The sharing of long IBD tracts, total genome length, and the large number of segments in common between the Ami/Yami and the Society Archipelago populations East Polynesia standout considering they are located about 10,700 km apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tätte
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Post
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maere Reidla
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneliis Rea
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erika Tamm
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
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Baeta M, Prieto-Fernández E, Núñez C, Kleinbielen T, Villaescusa P, Palencia-Madrid L, Alvarez-Gila O, Martínez-Jarreta B, de Pancorbo MM. Study of 17 X-STRs in Native American and Mestizo populations of Central America for forensic and population purposes. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1773-1776. [PMID: 33742257 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, an extensive analysis of the X-chromosomal pool of Native American and Mestizo groups of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Panama) has been carried out. Allele and haplotype frequency databases, as well as other forensic parameters for these populations, are presented. The admixture analysis supports the tri-hybrid composition in terms of ancestry in the Mestizo populations, with a predominant Native American contribution (54-69%), followed by European (19-28%) and African contributions (12-19%). Pairwise FST genetic distances highlight the genetic proximity between the northernmost Central American populations, especially among admixed populations. The unique and complex nature of this area, where populations from different origins intercrossed, as well as the informativity of X-STR data, highpoint the great interest of this genetic study. Furthermore, the X-chromosome databases for Central American populations here provided will be not only useful for forensic and population purposes not only in the target countries but also in the host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Endika Prieto-Fernández
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carolina Núñez
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Tamara Kleinbielen
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Gila
- Department of Medieval, Early Modern and American History, Faculty of Letters, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Mendoza VC, Garcia-Bertrand R, de Pancorbo MM, Herrera RJ. The Y chromosome of autochthonous Basque populations and the Bronze Age replacement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5607. [PMID: 33692401 PMCID: PMC7970938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the Y haplogroup and Y-STR diversity of the three autochthonous Basque populations of Alava (n = 54), Guipuzcoa (n = 30) and Vizcaya (n = 61). The same samples genotyped for Y-chromosome SNPs were typed for 17 Y-STR loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS398I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, Y-GATA H4) using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler system. Six major haplogroups (R, I, E, J, G, and DE) were detected, being R-S116 (P312) haplogroup the most abundant at 75.0% in Alava, 86.7% in Guipuzcoa and 87.3% in Vizcaya. Age estimates for the R-S116 mutation in the Basque Country are 3975 ± 303, 3680 ± 345 and 4553 ± 285 years for Alava, Guipuzcoa and Vizcaya, respectively. Pairwise Rst genetic distances demonstrated close Y-chromosome affinities among the three autochthonous Basque populations and between them and the male population of Ireland and Gascony. In a MDS plot, the population of Ireland segregates within the Basque cluster and closest to the population of Guipuzcoa, which plots closer to Ireland than to any of the other Basque populations. Overall, the results support the notion that during the Bronze Age a dispersal of individuals carrying the R-S116 mutation reached the Basque Country replacing the Paleolithic/Neolithic Y chromosome of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Vivian C Mendoza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA
| | | | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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Kleinbielen T, Palencia-Madrid L, Garcia-Ibarbia C, Ortiz F, Riancho JA, M de Pancorbo M. Association of LCT -13910C>T polymorphism and hip fracture in a cohort of older adult population from Northern Spain. Gene 2021; 783:145560. [PMID: 33705808 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hip fracture is a common health problem very frequent in the older adult population and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and societal costs. There are several factors that increase the risk of suffering a hip fracture, however, the effect of genetic lactase non-persistence is not clear-cut yet. For this reason, we investigated if the LCT -13910C>T polymorphism is a potential risk factor for osteoporotic hip fractures in older adult people from the Northern Spain population. A total of 740 individuals were included in this study. Of them, 364 belonged to the group of patients whit osteoporotic hip fracture while the control group consisted of 376 individuals without hip fracture. The genotypes for the LCT -13910C>T polymorphism were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction and high resolution melting. The prevalence of the CC genotype, which is related to lactase non-persistence, did not differ significantly in both groups. Likewise, no differences were observed between groups when they were compared with regard to the C or the T allele, or when they were analyzed considering gender. Additionally, our results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 207 nonagenarian individuals originally from Northern Spain and no differences were observed. In conclusion, no significant association was observed between the LCT -13910C>T polymorphism and the risk for suffering hip fracture in the older adult population of Northern Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kleinbielen
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ibarbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Fernando Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
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10
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Alegria-Lertxundi I, Aguirre C, Bujanda L, Fernández FJ, Polo F, Ordovás JM, Etxezarraga MC, Zabalza I, Larzabal M, Portillo I, M. de Pancorbo M, Palencia-Madrid L, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Rocandio AM, Arroyo-Izaga M. Gene-Diet Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: Survey Design, Instruments, Participants and Descriptive Data of a Case-Control Study in the Basque Country. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082362. [PMID: 32784647 PMCID: PMC7468855 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of gene-diet interaction in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to analyze them in a sample of cases and controls from the population-based bowel cancer screening program of the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service. This study analyzed dietetic, genetic, demographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyles. In the present manuscript, the survey design, sampling, instruments, measurements and related quality management were presented. Moreover, we analyze differences between cases and controls in some data, especially those related to diet. The participants were 308 cases and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have overweight/obesity (67.5% vs. 58.1%, p < 0.05), a lower intake of vitamin B2 (0.86 ± 0.23 vs. 0.92 ± 0.23 mg/1000 kcal, p < 0.01) and calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.62 ± 0.12 vs. 0.65 ± 0.13, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of cases than controls did not meet the Nutritional Objectives for saturated fatty acids (85.7% vs. 67.5%, p < 0.001) or cholesterol (35.4% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present study provides valuable data for analyzing the complexity of gene-diet interaction in relation to CRC. The results presented here suggest that overweight/obesity and a high intake of certain dietary components, especially saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, are more frequent in cases than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alegria-Lertxundi
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.A.-L.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Carmelo Aguirre
- Pharmacovigilance Unit, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Donostia University Hospital/Biodonostia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Francisco Polo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Institute IMDEA Food, Institutos Madrileños de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Etxezarraga
- Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;
- Department of Physician and Surgeon Specialities, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Zabalza
- Department of Pathology, Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Mikel Larzabal
- Department of Pathology, Donostia Hospital/Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Isabel Portillo
- Central Coordinating Center of the Bowel Cancer Screening Program, Healthcare subdirectorate, Osakidetza, 48011 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Marian M. de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.M.d.P.); (L.P.-M.)
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.M.d.P.); (L.P.-M.)
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Gastrointestional genetics group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Rocandio
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.A.-L.); (A.M.R.)
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.M.d.P.); (L.P.-M.)
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.A.-L.); (A.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Palencia-Madrid L, Vinueza-Espinosa D, Baeta M, Rocandio AM, de Pancorbo MM. Validation of a 52-mtSNP minisequencing panel for haplogroup classification of forensic DNA samples. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:929-936. [PMID: 32030455 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a useful tool in forensic investigation as it provides information about the matrilineal ancestry of individuals. In addition, mtDNA can be analyzed when the analysis of other nuclear markers is underperforming. Recently, we developed a minisequencing panel for the simultaneous analysis of 52 mtDNA SNPs to classify maternal lineages into the main haplogroups and their phylogeographic origin. In order to make this panel suitable for forensic genetics laboratories, a validation study has been performed in accordance with the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines, including species specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and stability tests. The results demonstrate that the panel of 52 mtDNA SNPs is highly sensitive, since it enables to obtain complete genetic profiles of samples containing minimal amounts of DNA (1 pg). Furthermore, it provides sufficient genetic information to detect the matrilineal biogeographical origin of highly degraded samples, i.e., ancient dating skeletal remains, and samples with the presence of inhibitors, such as hematin and humic acid. In addition, this panel can detect mixtures in samples whose mtDNA haplogroups of contributors are different. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the suitability of this minisequencing panel of 52 mtDNA SNPs to be used in forensic cases, with samples of low amount or degraded DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diana Vinueza-Espinosa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Laboratori d'ADN antic, Unitat d'Antropologia biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana M Rocandio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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12
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Baeta M, Nuñez C, Raffone C, Granizo E, Palencia-Madrid L, Cardoso S, Etxeberria F, Herrasti L, de Pancorbo MM. Updating data on the genetic identification of bone remains of victims of the Spanish Civil War. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Baeta M, García-Rey S, Palencia-Madrid L, Raffone C, de Pancorbo MM. Forensic application of a mtDNA minisequencing 52plex: Tracing maternal lineages in Spanish Civil War remains. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Palencia-Madrid L, Sánchez-Valle R, Fernández de Retana I, Borrego S, Grau-Rivera O, Reñé R, Hernández I, Almenar C, Rossi G, Caroppo P, Redaelli V, Le Ber I, Camuzat A, Brice A, Antonell A, Balasa M, Gelpi E, Lladó A, de Pancorbo MM. A unique common ancestor introduced P301L mutation in MAPT gene in frontotemporal dementia patients from Barcelona (Baix Llobregat, Spain). Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:236.e9-236.e15. [PMID: 31537395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The County of Baix Llobregat (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain) presents a high prevalence of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in the presence of P301L mutation in the MAPT gene. To evaluate a possible unique founder effect of P301L, and its age, the analysis of 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering 50 kb and 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms located along 30 Mb around the mutation was performed by developing 2 multiplex single-base extension reactions. In addition, families with affected and healthy individuals from France and Italy were analyzed. The FTD-affected individuals from Barcelona carried the same 50-kb haplotype linked to P301L mutation, suggesting a unique common ancestor, as opposed to French patients. Italian patients are also probably descendants of a unique ancestor, which would be different from that of Barcelona. Diversity of 30-Mb haplotypes found in Barcelona and the inference of the mutation age in these populations, among other reasons, suggest that prevalence of FTD linked to P301L MAPT mutation is the result of a locally originated mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Neurology Department, Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ierai Fernández de Retana
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergi Borrego
- Neurology Department, Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Reñé
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Catalá de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Consuelo Almenar
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Benito Menni, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Unit of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Unit of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Département de Neurologie, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, APHP, Centre Référent SLA, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Camuzat
- Département de Neurologie, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, APHP, Centre Référent SLA, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Département de Neurologie, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, APHP, Centre Référent SLA, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anna Antonell
- Neurology Department, Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Neurology Department, Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Neurology Department, Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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15
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Palencia-Madrid L, Baeta M, Villaescusa P, Nuñez C, de Pancorbo MM, Luis JR, Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Somarelli J, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. The Marquesans at the fringes of the Austronesian expansion. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:801-810. [PMID: 30683925 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 87 unrelated individuals from the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia were typed using mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal (STRs) markers and compared to key target populations from Island South East Asia (ISEA), Taiwan, and West and East Polynesia to investigate their genetic relationships. The Marquesas, located at the eastern-most fringes of the Austronesian expansion, offer a unique opportunity to examine the effects of a protracted population expansion wave on population structure. We explore the contribution of Melanesian, Asian and European heritage to the Marquesan islands of Nuku-Hiva, Hiva-Oa and Tahuata. Overall, the Marquesas Islands are genetically homogeneous. In the Marquesan Archipelago all of the mtDNA haplogroups are of Austronesian origin belonging to the B4a1 subhaplogroup as the region marks the end of a west to east decreasing cline of Melanesian mtDNA starting with the West Polynesian population of Tonga. Genetic discrepancies are less pronounced between the Marquesan and Society islands, and among the Marquesan islands. Interestingly, a number of Melanesian, Polynesian and European Y-chromosome haplogroups exhibit very different distribution between the Marquesan islands of Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa, likely resulting from drift, differential migration involving various source populations and/or unique trading routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Villaescusa
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carolina Nuñez
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathologies, University Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jason Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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16
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Borrego-Écija S, Morgado J, Palencia-Madrid L, Grau-Rivera O, Reñé R, Hernández I, Almenar C, Balasa M, Antonell A, Molinuevo JL, Lladó A, Martínez de Pancorbo M, Gelpi E, Sánchez-Valle R. Frontotemporal Dementia Caused by the P301L Mutation in the MAPT Gene: Clinicopathological Features of 13 Cases from the Same Geographical Origin in Barcelona, Spain. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 44:213-221. [PMID: 28934750 DOI: 10.1159/000480077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We identified and studied 13 patients carrying the P301L mutation in the MAPT gene from the same area (Baix Llobregat County) in Barcelona, Spain. METHODS The demographic and clinical features were reviewed retrospectively. Detailed neuropathological characterization was obtained in 9 subjects. To investigate the origin of the P301L mutation in these families, 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MAPT gene were analyzed. RESULTS The mean age at disease onset was 51 years and the mean disease duration was 7 years. The most common initial symptoms were behavioral changes (54%), followed by language disturbances (31%) and memory loss (15%). 46% developed parkinsonism. Neuropathology showed an extensive neuronal and glial 4-repeat (4R) tauopathy with "mini-Pick"-like bodies in the dentate gyrus as the characteristic underlying pathology in all cases. In 1 subject, additional 4R globular glial inclusions were observed. All the mutation carriers showed the same haplotype for the SNPs analyzed, suggesting a common ancestor. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a relative homogeneous clinicopathological phenotype in P301L MAPT mutation carriers in our series. This phenotype might help in the differential diagnosis from other tauopathies and be a morphological hint for genetic testing. The haplotype analysis results suggest a founder effect of the P301L mutation in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Borrego-Écija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Marqueta-Gracia JJ, Álvarez-Álvarez M, Baeta M, Palencia-Madrid L, Prieto-Fernández E, Ordoñana JR, de Pancorbo MM. Differentially methylated CpG regions analyzed by PCR-high resolution melting for monozygotic twin pair discrimination. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 37:e1-e5. [PMID: 30245065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination between monozygotic (MZ) twins is a forensic limitation when using conventional DNA profiling techniques for human identification. Recent works based on epigenetics seem to open a new way to solve this issue due to methylation status of MZ twins change during their lifetime. Methylation analysis through BeadChip platforms allows the study up to 850 K CpG sites revealing that numerous differential methylation regions exist between MZ twins. However, this methodology is difficult to implement in forensic laboratories. On the contrary, PCR-HRM (High Resolution Melting) technology is one of the easiest methods for analyzing DNA methylation and it has been capable to discriminate between MZ twins. The purpose of this study is to contribute with new differential methylation regions in MZ twins to those that have been previously studied through PCR-HRM. Here, we have selected 6 CpG regions located at the ITGA2B, ASPA, PDE4C, ZIC5, USP11 and NOP14 loci that have shown methylation status variation during lifetime. The study has been carried out from saliva-derived DNA of 18 MZ twin pairs. The most discriminating regions were those located at ITGA2B, ASPA and ZIC5 loci showing significant within-pair differences in 44.4% of the cases. Non evidences of relation between age and significant differences between MZ twins were found, although the 50% of MZ twin pairs were discrimnated in the oldest age range (59-66 years old). These results support the use of these regions to increase the number of epigenetics age-related markers available to discriminate between MZ twins in a pair by PCR-HRM in forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Marqueta-Gracia
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maite Álvarez-Álvarez
- Proteomics and Genomics General Services: DNA Bank Unit (SGIker) University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Endika Prieto-Fernández
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and Murcia Institute for BioHealth Research (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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18
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Palencia-Madrid L, Cardoso S, Castro-Maestre F, Baroja-Careaga I, Rocandio AM, de Pancorbo MM. Development of a new screening method to determine the main 52 mitochondrial haplogroups through a single minisequencing reaction. Mitochondrion 2018; 45:46-51. [PMID: 29474835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design, development and optimization of a screening method based on single-base extension sequencing to simultaneously analyze a panel of 52 mitochondrial SNPs. This enables to recognize the main mitochondrial haplogroups and to discriminate even between lineages from the same phylogenetic branch that diverged in different continents. The unavailability of individuals harboring infrequent variants was a limitation to optimize the panel. To overcome this, we have modified DNA by site-directed mutagenesis to create the unavailable allelic variants. This allowed us to verify the reliability of this panel and its usefulness to be applied in biomedicine, forensic and population genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Fernando Castro-Maestre
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Igor Baroja-Careaga
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana M Rocandio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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19
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Palencia-Madrid L, Cardoso S, Keyser C, López-Quintana JC, Guenaga-Lizasu A, de Pancorbo MM. Ancient mitochondrial lineages support the prehistoric maternal root of Basques in Northern Iberian Peninsula. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:631-636. [PMID: 28272540 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Basque population inhabits the Franco-Cantabrian region in southwest Europe where Palaeolithic human groups took refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum. Basques have been an isolated population, largely considered as one of the most ancient European populations and it is possible that they maintained some pre-Neolithic genetic characteristics. This work shows the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis of seven ancient human remains from the Cave of Santimamiñe in the Basque Country dated from Mesolithic to the Late Roman period. In addition, we compared these data with those obtained from a modern sample of Basque population, 158 individuals that nowadays inhabits next to the cave. The results support the hypothesis that Iberians might have been less affected by the Neolithic mitochondrial lineages carried from the Near East than populations of Central Europe and revealed the unexpected presence of prehistoric maternal lineages such as U5a2a and U3a in the Basque region. Comparison between ancient and current population samples upholds the hypothesis of continuity of the maternal lineages in the area of the Franco-Cantabrian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Christine Keyser
- Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS, UMR 5288, Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Lopez-Oceja A, Gamarra D, Cardoso S, Palencia-Madrid L, Juste RA, De Pancorbo MM. Two ovine mitochondrial DNAs harboring a fifth 75/76 bp repeat motif without altered gene expression in Northern Spain. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:869-875. [PMID: 27990652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Basque Country is home to the Latxa sheep breed, which is divided in several varieties such as Latxa Black Face (LBKF) and Latxa Blonde Face (LBLF). Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis of 174 male sheep (97 LBKF and 77 LBLF) was performed with the objective of characterizing the maternal lineages of these two varieties that are the basis to produce the cheese with Idiazabal quality label. The percentage of unique haplotypes was 77.32% in LBKF and 67.53% in LBLF. Most of the individuals were classified into B haplogroup (98.85%), while A haplogroup was much less frequent. Two Latxa individuals (one LBKF and one LBLF), both belonging to B haplogroup, displayed an additional 75/76 bp tandem repeat motif. Only 33 other sequences with this repeat motif were found among 11 061 sheep sequences included in the GenBank database. Gene expression was analyzed in peripheral blood leukocytes since the additional 75/76 bp repeat motif falls within ETAS1, a domain with a possible function in regulation of replication and transcription. The mRNA expression from four mitochondrial genes (COI, cyt b, ND1, and ND2) was analyzed in the two individuals of this study with a fifth repeat motif and in four without it. Although lower transcription was observed when the additional 75/76 bp repeat motif was present, no statistically significant differences were observed. Therefore, the variation in the number of the 75/76 repeat motif does not seem to modify the gene expression rate in mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lopez-Oceja
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - D Gamarra
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - S Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - R A Juste
- Animal Health Department, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M M De Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Núñez C, Baeta M, Cardoso S, Palencia-Madrid L, García-Romero N, Llanos A, M. de Pancorbo M. Mitochondrial DNA Reveals the Trace of the Ancient Settlers of a Violently Devastated Late Bronze and Iron Ages Village. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155342. [PMID: 27176817 PMCID: PMC4866787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
La Hoya (Alava, Basque Country) was one of the most important villages of the Late Bronze and Iron Ages of the north of the Iberian Peninsula, until it was violently devastated around the 4th century and abandoned in the 3rd century B.C. Archaeological evidences suggest that descendants from La Hoya placed their new settlement in a nearby hill, which gave rise to the current village of Laguardia. In this study, we have traced the genetic imprints of the extinct inhabitants of La Hoya through the analysis of maternal lineages. In particular, we have analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 41 human remains recovered from the archaeological site for comparison with a sample of 51 individuals from the geographically close present-day population of Laguardia, as well as 56 individuals of the general population of the province of Alava, where the archaeological site and Laguardia village are located. MtDNA haplotypes were successfully obtained in 25 out of 41 ancient samples, and 14 different haplotypes were identified. The major mtDNA subhaplogroups observed in La Hoya were H1, H3, J1 and U5, which show a distinctive frequency pattern in the autochthonous populations of the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis was performed to test the most likely model for the local demographic history. The results did not sustain a genealogical continuity between Laguardia and La Hoya at the haplotype level, although factors such as sampling effects, recent admixture events, and genetic bottlenecks need to be considered. Likewise, the highly similar subhaplogroup composition detected between La Hoya and Laguardia and Alava populations do not allow us to reject a maternal genetic continuity in the human groups of the area since at least the Iron Age to present times. Broader analyses, based on a larger collection of samples and genetic markers, would be required to study fine-scale population events in these human groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Núñez
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Baeta
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Marian M. de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Palencia-Madrid L, de Pancorbo MM. Next generation sequencing as a suitable analysis for authentication of degraded and ancient DNA. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baeta M, Núñez C, Cardoso S, Palencia-Madrid L, Herrasti L, Etxeberria F, de Pancorbo MM. Digging up the recent Spanish memory: genetic identification of human remains from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War and posterior dictatorship. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 19:272-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cardoso S, Valverde L, Alfonso-Sánchez MA, Palencia-Madrid L, Elcoroaristizabal X, Algorta J, Catarino S, Arteta D, Herrera RJ, Zarrabeitia MT, Peña JA, de Pancorbo MM. The expanded mtDNA phylogeny of the Franco-Cantabrian region upholds the pre-neolithic genetic substrate of Basques. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67835. [PMID: 23844106 PMCID: PMC3700859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The European genetic landscape has been shaped by several human migrations occurred since Paleolithic times. The accumulation of archaeological records and the concordance of different lines of genetic evidence during the last two decades have triggered an interesting debate concerning the role of ancient settlers from the Franco-Cantabrian region in the postglacial resettlement of Europe. Among the Franco-Cantabrian populations, Basques are regarded as one of the oldest and more intriguing human groups of Europe. Recent data on complete mitochondrial DNA genomes focused on macrohaplogroup R0 revealed that Basques harbor some autochthonous lineages, suggesting a genetic continuity since pre-Neolithic times. However, excluding haplogroup H, the most representative lineage of macrohaplogroup R0, the majority of maternal lineages of this area remains virtually unexplored, so that further refinement of the mtDNA phylogeny based on analyses at the highest level of resolution is crucial for a better understanding of the European prehistory. We thus explored the maternal ancestry of 548 autochthonous individuals from various Franco-Cantabrian populations and sequenced 76 mitogenomes of the most representative lineages. Interestingly, we identified three mtDNA haplogroups, U5b1f, J1c5c1 and V22, that proved to be representative of Franco-Cantabria, notably of the Basque population. The seclusion and diversity of these female genetic lineages support a local origin in the Franco-Cantabrian area during the Mesolithic of southwestern Europe, ∼10,000 years before present (YBP), with signals of expansions at ∼3,500 YBP. These findings provide robust evidence of a partial genetic continuity between contemporary autochthonous populations from the Franco-Cantabrian region, specifically the Basques, and Paleolithic/Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups. Furthermore, our results raise the current proportion (≈15%) of the Franco-Cantabrian maternal gene pool with a putative pre-Neolithic origin to ≈35%, further supporting the notion of a predominant Paleolithic genetic substrate in extant European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Valverde
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Alfonso-Sánchez
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Xabier Elcoroaristizabal
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jaime Algorta
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
- Progenika Biopharma, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Susana Catarino
- Progenika Biopharma, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - David Arteta
- Progenika Biopharma, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rene J. Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - José A. Peña
- Departmento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marian M. de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Cardoso S, Palencia-Madrid L, Valverde L, Alfonso-Sánchez MA, Gómez-Pérez L, Alfaro E, Bravi CM, Dipierri JE, Peña JA, de Pancorbo MM. Mitochondrial DNA control region data reveal high prevalence of Native American lineages in Jujuy province, NW Argentina. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 7:e52-5. [PMID: 23433579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial control region (16024-576) sequences were generated from 180 individuals of four population nuclei from the province of Jujuy (NW Argentina), located at different altitudes above sea level. The frequency at which a randomly selected mtDNA profile would be expected to occur in the general population (random match probability) was estimated at 0.011, indicating a relatively high diversity. Analysis of the haplogroup distribution revealed that Native American lineages A2 (13.9%), B (56.7%), C1 (17.8%), D1 (8.9%) and D4h3a (1.1%) accounted for more than 98% of the total mtDNA haplogroup diversity in the sample examined. We detected a certain degree of genetic heterogeneity between two subpopulations located at different points along the altitudinal gradient (Valles and Puna), suggesting that altitude above sea level cannot be ruled out as a factor promoting divergences in mtDNA haplogroup frequencies, since altitude is closely associated with human living conditions, and consequently, with low demographic sizes and the occurrence of genetic drift processes in human communities. In all, mitochondrial DNA database obtained for Jujuy province strongly points to the need for creating local mtDNA databases, to avoid bias in forensic estimations caused by genetic substructuring of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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