Navigating diagnostic challenges: imaging strategies for herpes simplex encephalitis in resource limited settings: A case report

Encephalitis refers to the inflammatory condition affecting the brain parenchyma, leading to various neurological impairments. It can have various causes: infectious, postinfectious, and noninfectious origins. In this case, we present a 76-year-old man who presented to the emergency room with complaints of headache and behavioral changes. Initially, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan raised suspicion of herpes simplex encephalitis and prompted the initiation of treatment. Subsequently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture confirmed the diagnosis. However, despite medical intervention, the patient's condition unexpectedly deteriorated, and he unfortunately passed away after spending 2 weeks in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Possible factors contributing to this outcome include delayed presentation to medical care, viral resistance, or the inherent nature of the infection itself, particularly in elderly patients.

In vitro regeneration of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel. (Rosaceae) from leaf explants

A protocol for shoot regeneration of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel. has been developed using leaf explants originating from in vitro seedlings and mature material. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing various concentrations of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and thidiazuron (TDZ). Concentrations of TDZ lower than 1.0 microM promoted direct shoot regeneration, but higher concentrations promoted callus induction. Around 96-100% regeneration was obtained between 1.0 and 10 microM TDZ. The average number of shoots per explant at 1.0 microM TDZ was 8.4+/-4.8. Among the different explants used, the highest percentage of regeneration and shoots per explant was obtained from complete leaf explants. A significant (P< or =0.05) difference in regeneration capacity was observed among the five genotypes examined. The resulting shoots were multiplied on multiplication medium, rooted and acclimatised in a greenhouse.