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Berlin L, Galyaev A, Lysenko P. Comparison of Information Criteria for Detection of Useful Signals in Noisy Environments. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2133. [PMID: 36850735 PMCID: PMC9966083 DOI: 10.3390/s23042133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the appearance of indications of useful acoustic signals in the signal/noise mixture. Various information characteristics (information entropy, Jensen-Shannon divergence, spectral information divergence and statistical complexity) are investigated in the context of solving this problem. Both time and frequency domains are studied for the calculation of information entropy. The effectiveness of statistical complexity is shown in comparison with other information metrics for different signal-to-noise ratios. Two different approaches for statistical complexity calculations are also compared. In addition, analytical formulas for complexity and disequilibrium are obtained using entropy variation in the case of signal spectral distribution. The connection between the statistical complexity criterion and the Neyman-Pearson approach for hypothesis testing is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown for different types of acoustic signals and noise models, including colored noises, and different signal-to-noise ratios, especially when the estimation of additional noise characteristics is impossible.
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Burlingame T, Lesley J, Nickerson A, S. Ingraham, C. Meehan, Berlin L. Effectiveness of the Vermont Foodbank 3SquaresVT Outreach. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shah R, Berlin L, Nickerson A. Factors Influencing Participation in the Vermont Senior Farm Share Program. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study sustained performance and its relation to regulation of effort among four different groups of children: two clinical subgroups of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--one with and one without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD); a control sample of children without a diagnosis of ADHD but with parental reports of hyperactivity; and a normal control sample. METHODS Sustained performance was studied (n=64) using a choice reaction time task with long interstimulus intervals, and hyperactive behaviour and regulation of effort was rated throughout the task. RESULTS The clinical sample differed from the normal controls regarding all measures of overall, but not initial, performance. When studying performance over time, the ADHD group was shown to differ from the normal controls with regard to omissions, mean reaction time and regulation of effort. No significant differences were found between the ADHD children with or without comorbid ODD. The non-clinical hyperactive children differed from the normal controls with regard to reaction time, initially and overall, and regulation of effort overall. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in sustained performance among ADHD children appear to be evident when long interstimulus intervals are used, and these deficits are related to poor regulation of effort. Further, the observed differences between ADHD children and normal controls do not appear to be a result of comorbid conduct problems. The non-clinical hyperactive children were more similar to the control group than to the ADHD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University School of Medicine, 32 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076 and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60812, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University School of Medicine, 32 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, 9600 Gross Point Rd., Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Smith JJ, Berlin L. The disabled patient. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174:303-6. [PMID: 10658694 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.174.2.1740303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Cascade
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston 02114, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated toy-choice in 38 one-year-old, 33 three-year-old, and 35 five-year-old children, who could choose between 10 different toys (four feminine, four masculine, and two neutral) in a structured play-session. The children played alone for 7 minutes and together with their accompanying parent for another 7 minutes (play-status). The results showed that girls and boys chose different toys from as early as the age of one year (Mdn = 12 months). These sex differences were found at all three ages. In contradiction to earlier studies, our results showed that feminine toys became less interesting for both girls and boys with increasing age. The present study showed no consistent effects of play-status. This study contributes to the knowledge of how early behavioral sex differences can be observed, how these differences develop, and it also raises questions concerning what sex differences stem from.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Servin
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Homer
- Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Racenstein
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Berlin L. The education of a malpractice expert. Interview by John C. Hayes. Diagn Imaging (San Franc) 1998; 20:29-31, 33, 37. [PMID: 10187448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berlin
- Department of Radiology, Rush North Shore Medical Center, Skokie, IL 60076, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Spies
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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