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Gao P, Liu YQ, Xiao W, Xia F, Chen JY, Gu LW, Yang F, Zheng LH, Zhang JZ, Zhang Q, Li ZJ, Meng YQ, Zhu YP, Tang H, Shi QL, Guo QY, Zhang Y, Xu CC, Dai LY, Wang JG. Identification of antimalarial targets of chloroquine by a combined deconvolution strategy of ABPP and MS-CETSA. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:30. [PMID: 35698214 PMCID: PMC9195458 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a devastating infectious disease that disproportionally threatens hundreds of millions of people in developing countries. In the history of anti-malaria campaign, chloroquine (CQ) has played an indispensable role, however, its mechanism of action (MoA) is not fully understood. METHODS We used the principle of photo-affinity labeling and click chemistry-based functionalization in the design of a CQ probe and developed a combined deconvolution strategy of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and mass spectrometry-coupled cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA) that identified the protein targets of CQ in an unbiased manner in this study. The interactions between CQ and these identified potential protein hits were confirmed by biophysical and enzymatic assays. RESULTS We developed a novel clickable, photo-affinity chloroquine analog probe (CQP) which retains the antimalarial activity in the nanomole range, and identified a total of 40 proteins that specifically interacted and photo-crosslinked with CQP which was inhibited in the presence of excess CQ. Using MS-CETSA, we identified 83 candidate interacting proteins out of a total of 3375 measured parasite proteins. At the same time, we identified 8 proteins as the most potential hits which were commonly identified by both methods. CONCLUSIONS We found that CQ could disrupt glycolysis and energy metabolism of malarial parasites through direct binding with some of the key enzymes, a new mechanism that is different from its well-known inhibitory effect of hemozoin formation. This is the first report of identifying CQ antimalarial targets by a parallel usage of labeled (ABPP) and label-free (MS-CETSA) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Wei Gu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu-Hai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qing Meng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zhu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiao-Li Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Chang XQ, Ma Y, Sun P, Gao P, Zhao YF, Gu LW, Zhang D, Yang L, Tian JX. [A novel flavanone from Thymus przewalskii]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:125-129. [PMID: 33645061 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200628.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Thymus przewalskii. The chemical consti-tuents were separated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prepared HPLC, and their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Four flavanones were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of T. przewalskii, and identified as(2S)-5,6-dihydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxyflavanone(1), 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone(2),(2S)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone(3), sakuranetin(4), respectively. Compound 1 was a new compound and its configuration was determined by CD spectrum, compound 3 was natural product which was isolated for the first time and their configurations were determined by CD spectra. Compound 2 was isolated from the genus Thymus for the first time and compound 4 was isolated from T. przewalskii for the first time. Furthermore, cytotoxicity test was assayed for the four flavanones. They exhibited weak cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells(A549), with the IC_(50) from 74.5 to 135.6 μmol·L~(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Chang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li-Wei Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Gu LW, Li YJ, Cai WY, Chen LN, Chen Y, Yang Q, Wang YJ, Li Q, Zhu XX, Weng XG. [Effect of dihydroartemisinin on permeability of human erythrocyte membrane infected plasmodium]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:3589-3594. [PMID: 30347930 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180521.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In view of the fact that the antimalarial effects of artemisinins are significant but the mechanism has not yet been clarified and there are many different opinions, it is possible that artemisinins can produce high anti-malarial efficacy through various mechanisms and multiple pathways. In addition, the researches on the pathogenesis of malaria "erythrocyte membrane plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC)" in the past few years have provided more positive findings, which may confirm and discover the new antimalarial mechanism of artemisinins. This paper was as to study the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in vitro on erythrocyte membrane permeability of HB3 plasmodium infection, with using the mechanism of 5% sorbitol can be used to kill the Plasmodium falciparum in red blood cell membrane selectively, the effectual difference of sorbitol on the killing of P. falciparum with adding DHA or not was detected, so as to investigate whether DHA can affect the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. Result showed that, Pre-stimulation with 10 nmol·L⁻¹ DHA (the final concentration of plasmodium in vitro culture system) for 30 min could significantly decrease the killing effect of sorbitol on the HB3 plasmodium in the P. falciparum erythrocytic cycle, and DHA may inhibit the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane for preventing sorbitol through the red blood cell membrane, thereby reducing the killing effect of sorbitol on the P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei-Yan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica & Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Chen C, Gao J, Wang TS, Guo C, Yan YJ, Mao CY, Gu LW, Yang Y, Li ZF, Liu A. NMR-based Metabolomic Techniques Identify the Toxicity of Emodin in HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9379. [PMID: 29925852 PMCID: PMC6010407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in various herbal preparations. The pharmacological effects of emodin include anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antimicrobial activities. However, emodin also has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. The mechanism of emodin's adverse effects is complicated and currently not well understood. This study aimed to establish a cell metabonomic method to investigate the toxicity of emodin and explore its potential mechanism and relevant targets. In the present study, metabonomic profiles of cell extracts and cell culture media obtained using the 1H NMR technique were used to assess emodin toxicity in HepG2 cells. Multivariate statistical analyses such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to characterize the metabolites that differed between the control and emodin groups. The results indicated that emodin resulted in differences in 33 metabolites, including acetate, arginine, aspartate, creatine, isoleucine, leucine and histidine in the cell extract samples and 23 metabolites, including alanine, formate, glutamate, succinate and isoleucine, in the cell culture media samples. Approximately 8 pathways associated with these metabolites were disrupted in the emodin groups. These results demonstrated the potential for using cell metabonomics approaches to clarify the toxicological effects of emodin, the underlying mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Our findings may help with the development of novel strategies to discover targets for drug toxicity, elucidate the changes in regulatory signal networks and explore its potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Shan Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Yi Mao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Gu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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