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Almeida AC, Soares-de-Oliveira J, Drpic D, Cheeseman LP, Damas J, Lewin HA, Larkin DM, Aguiar P, Pereira AJ, Maiato H. Augmin-dependent microtubule self-organization drives kinetochore fiber maturation in mammals. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110610. [PMID: 35385739 PMCID: PMC8994134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in mammals relies on the maturation of a thick bundle of kinetochore-attached microtubules known as k-fiber. How k-fibers mature from initial kinetochore microtubule attachments remains a fundamental question. By combining molecular perturbations and phenotypic analyses in Indian muntjac fibroblasts containing the lowest known diploid chromosome number in mammals (2N = 6) and distinctively large kinetochores, with fixed/live-cell super-resolution coherent-hybrid stimulated emission depletion (CH-STED) nanoscopy and laser microsurgery, we demonstrate a key role for augmin in kinetochore microtubule self-organization and maturation, regardless of pioneer centrosomal microtubules. In doing so, augmin promotes kinetochore and interpolar microtubule turnover and poleward flux. Tracking of microtubule growth events within individual k-fibers reveals a wide angular dispersion, consistent with augmin-mediated branched microtubule nucleation. Augmin depletion reduces the frequency of kinetochore microtubule growth events and hampers efficient repair after acute k-fiber injury by laser microsurgery. Together, these findings underscore the contribution of augmin-mediated microtubule amplification for k-fiber self-organization and maturation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares-de-Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Danica Drpic
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liam P Cheeseman
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Damas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK; Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Harris A Lewin
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Denis M Larkin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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Afonso O, Castellani CM, Cheeseman LP, Ferreira JG, Orr B, Ferreira LT, Chambers JJ, Morais-de-Sá E, Maresca TJ, Maiato H. Spatiotemporal control of mitotic exit during anaphase by an aurora B-Cdk1 crosstalk. eLife 2019; 8:e47646. [PMID: 31424385 PMCID: PMC6706241 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the prevailing 'clock' model, chromosome decondensation and nuclear envelope reformation when cells exit mitosis are byproducts of Cdk1 inactivation at the metaphase-anaphase transition, controlled by the spindle assembly checkpoint. However, mitotic exit was recently shown to be a function of chromosome separation during anaphase, assisted by a midzone Aurora B phosphorylation gradient - the 'ruler' model. Here we found that Cdk1 remains active during anaphase due to ongoing APC/CCdc20- and APC/CCdh1-mediated degradation of B-type Cyclins in Drosophila and human cells. Failure to degrade B-type Cyclins during anaphase prevented mitotic exit in a Cdk1-dependent manner. Cyclin B1-Cdk1 localized at the spindle midzone in an Aurora B-dependent manner, with incompletely separated chromosomes showing the highest Cdk1 activity. Slowing down anaphase chromosome motion delayed Cyclin B1 degradation and mitotic exit in an Aurora B-dependent manner. Thus, a crosstalk between molecular 'rulers' and 'clocks' licenses mitotic exit only after proper chromosome separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Afonso
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Liam P Cheeseman
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Luisa T Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - James J Chambers
- Institute for Applied Life SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Epithelial Polarity & Cell Division Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Thomas J Maresca
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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Cheeseman LP, Boulanger J, Bond LM, Schuh M. Two pathways regulate cortical granule translocation to prevent polyspermy in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13726. [PMID: 27991490 PMCID: PMC5187413 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An egg must be fertilized by a single sperm only. To prevent polyspermy, the zona pellucida, a structure that surrounds mammalian eggs, becomes impermeable upon fertilization, preventing the entry of further sperm. The structural changes in the zona upon fertilization are driven by the exocytosis of cortical granules. These translocate from the oocyte's centre to the plasma membrane during meiosis. However, very little is known about the mechanism of cortical granule translocation. Here we investigate cortical granule transport and dynamics in live mammalian oocytes by using Rab27a as a marker. We show that two separate mechanisms drive their transport: myosin Va-dependent movement along actin filaments, and an unexpected vesicle hitchhiking mechanism by which cortical granules bind to Rab11a vesicles powered by myosin Vb. Inhibiting cortical granule translocation severely impaired the block to sperm entry, suggesting that translocation defects could contribute to miscarriages that are caused by polyspermy.
Mammalian eggs release cortical granules to avoid being fertilized by more than a single sperm as polyspermy results in nonviable embryos. Here, the authors describe the mechanism driving translocation of the granules to the cortex in the mouse egg and show this process is essential to prevent polyspermy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Cheeseman
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lisa M Bond
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Melina Schuh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Sacco JJ, Kenyani J, Butt Z, Carter R, Chew HY, Cheeseman LP, Darling S, Denny M, Urbé S, Clague MJ, Coulson JM. Loss of the deubiquitylase BAP1 alters class I histone deacetylase expression and sensitivity of mesothelioma cells to HDAC inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13757-71. [PMID: 25970771 PMCID: PMC4537048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are important targets for cancer therapeutics, but their regulation is poorly understood. Our data show coordinated transcription of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in lung cancer cell lines, but suggest HDAC2 protein expression is cell-context specific. Through an unbiased siRNA screen we found that BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) regulates their expression, with HDAC2 reduced and HDAC1 increased in BAP1 depleted cells. BAP1 loss-of-function is increasingly reported in cancers including thoracic malignancies, with frequent mutation in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Endogenous HDAC2 directly correlates with BAP1 across a panel of lung cancer cell lines, and is downregulated in mesothelioma cell lines with genetic BAP1 inactivation. We find that BAP1 regulates HDAC2 by increasing transcript abundance, rather than opposing its ubiquitylation. Importantly, although total cellular HDAC activity is unaffected by transient depletion of HDAC2 or of BAP1 due to HDAC1 compensation, this isoenzyme imbalance sensitizes MSTO-211H cells to HDAC inhibitors. However, other established mesothelioma cell lines with low endogenous HDAC2 have adapted to become more resistant to HDAC inhibition. Our work establishes a mechanism by which BAP1 loss alters sensitivity of cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors. Assessment of BAP1 and HDAC expression may ultimately help identify patients likely to respond to HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Sacco
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jenna Kenyani
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zohra Butt
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Carter
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hui Yi Chew
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Current address: Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liam P Cheeseman
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Current address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Darling
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Denny
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael J Clague
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Cheeseman LP, Booth DG, Hood FE, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Aurora A kinase activity is required for localization of TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin inter-microtubule bridges. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Cheeseman LP, Harry EF, McAinsh AD, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Specific removal of TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin at metaphase deregulates kinetochore fiber tension. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2102-13. [PMID: 23532825 PMCID: PMC3666260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.124834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins of the mitotic spindle are thought to be important for the initial assembly and the maintenance of spindle structure and function. However, distinguishing assembly and maintenance roles for a given protein is difficult. Most experimental methods for protein inactivation are slow and therefore affect both assembly and maintenance. Here, we have used 'knocksideways' to rapidly (∼5 minutes) and specifically remove TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin non-motor complexes from kinetochore fibers (K-fibers). This method allows the complex to be inactivated at defined stages of mitosis. Removal of TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin after nuclear envelope breakdown caused severe delays in chromosome alignment. Inactivation at metaphase, following a normal prometaphase, significantly delayed progression to anaphase. In these cells, K-fiber tension was reduced and the spindle checkpoint was not satisfied. Surprisingly, there was no significant loss of K-fiber microtubules, even after prolonged removal. TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin removal during metaphase also resulted in a decrease in spindle length and significant alteration in kinetochore dynamics. Our results indicate that TACC3-ch-TOG-clathrin complexes are important for the maintenance of spindle structure and function as well as for initial spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. Cheeseman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Edward F. Harry
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Molecular Organization and Assembly in Cells Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew D. McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ian A. Prior
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) has dominated high-resolution cellular imaging for over 50 years, thanks to its ability to resolve on nanometer-scale intracellular structures such as the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. It is advantageous to view the cell of interest prior to processing the sample for EM. Correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) is a technique that allows one to visualize cells of interest by light microscopy (LM) before being transferred to EM for ultrastructural examination. Here, we describe how CLEM can be applied as an effective tool to study the spindle apparatus of mitotic cells. This approach allows transfected cells of interest, in desirable stages of mitosis, to be followed from LM to EM. CLEM has often been considered as a technically challenging and laborious technique. In this chapter, we provide step-by-step pictorial guides that allow successful CLEM to be achieved. In addition, we explain how it is possible to vary the sectioning plane, allowing spindles and microtubules to be analyzed from different angles, and the outputs that can be obtained from these methods when applied to the study of kinetochore fiber ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Booth
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Building, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, U.K
| | - Liam P. Cheeseman
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Ian A. Prior
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Royle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Cheeseman LP, Booth DG, Hood FE, Prior IA, Royle SJ. Aurora A kinase activity is required for localization of TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin inter-microtubule bridges. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:409-12. [PMID: 21966557 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.4.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis is achieved by the kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) of the spindle apparatus. These fibers are bundles of microtubules (MTs) connected by non-motor bridges. We recently identified a TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex that constitutes the shortest class of inter-MT bridge in K-fibers. TACC3 anchors the complex to MTs and this is dependent on phosphorylation by Aurora A kinase. Here we show that inhibition of Aurora A kinase using MLN8237 results in (1) loss of clathrin and TACC3 from spindles, (2) destabilization of K-fibers and (3) loss of inter-MT bridges. These results are similar to those in cells depleted of clathrin or TACC3; suggesting that TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin bridges are the major class of bridge that is regulated by this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Cheeseman
- The Physiological Laboratory; University of Liverpool; Liverpool, UK
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