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Pei XD, Li F, Zhang YM, Huang XN, Yu FT, Su LY, Liu XL, Wang CH. Preparation, Purification, and Identification of Novel Feather Keratin-Derived Peptides with Antioxidative and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:8061-8070. [PMID: 37161263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Feather keratin is an underappreciated protein resource of high quality, with limited bioavailability, and it urgently requires eco-friendly methods to enhance its value. Here, we report on the preparation, purification, and identification of novel peptides with antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activities from fermented feather broth, using Bacillus licheniformis 8-4. Two peptides, namely, DLCRPCGPTPLA (DA-12) and ANSCNEPCVR (AR-10), displayed remarkable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 0.048, 0.034, and 0.95, 0.84 mg/mL, respectively. These values exceed those of the previously reported feather keratin-derived antioxidant peptides. Another peptide, GNQQVHLQSQDM (GM-12), demonstrated XOD activity inhibition, with an IC50 value of 12.15 mg/mL, and it quenched the fluorescence of XOD. Furthermore, after simulating gastrointestinal digestion, DA-12, AR-10, and GM-12 retained their biological activities. Meanwhile, DA-12 and GM-12 showed an unexpected synergistic inhibition on XOD activity accompanied by fluorescence quenching. This study provides new insights into the potential applications of feather keratin, including functionalized feed with antioxidative and antigout (anti-hyperuricemia) activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Pei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ni Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Tian Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Ying Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
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Pei XD, Li F, Gao TT, Su LY, Yu FT, Shi P, Liu CX, Wang CH. Utilization of feather keratin waste to antioxidant and migration-enhancer peptides by Bacillus licheniformis 8-4. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6987269. [PMID: 36639131 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Feathers are keratin-rich byproducts of poultry processing, but those are often frequently abandoned as garbage and thus polluting the environment. Therefore, the study focused on the efficient biodegradation, bioactivity, and high-value application of feather keratin. METHODS AND RESULTS Feather-degrading bacteria were identified, and the degradation properties were characterized. DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid))radical scavenging assays, cytotoxicity assays, intracellular reactive oxygen scavenging assays, and cell migration assays were used to examine the biological activities of the feather keratin hydrolysis peptides (FKHPs). The results showed that we screened a feather-degrading strain of Bacillus licheniformis 8-4, which achieved complete degradation of 2% (w/v) feathers within 48 h. Notably, the feather fermentation broth was particularly high in FKHPs, which exhibited good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. Further studies revealed that FKHPs had both the ability to scavenge H2O2-induced ROS from HaCat cells and the ability to promote HaCat cell migration, while remaining non-toxic. CONCLUSIONS The effective feather-degrading ability of B. licheniformis 8-4 allowed for the fermentation of feather medium to yield active peptides that were both antioxidants and cell-migration enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Pei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tian-Tian Gao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lin-Ying Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fu-Tian Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ping Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen-Xing Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Yue Y, Liang X, Mao Y, Hu M, Han DL, Su LY, Chen H, Fan SF, Zhang XC, Yang F, Yuan QW, Liu Z. [Influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1365-1370. [PMID: 34814555 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210330-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: The imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu as of April 15, 2021 were divided into the vaccinated group and unvaccinated group according to the history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The epidemiological and clinical data of the cases were collected retrospectively, and the differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Laboratory tests consisted of nucleic acid test, clinical index test, serum antibody test and lymphocyte test. Software WPS2019 was used for data management and software R 4.0.3 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 75 COVID-19 cases were included in the analysis, in which 20 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and only 4 with clinical symptoms, 55 patients did not receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and 16 had clinical symptoms. In vaccinated group, the first injection time of vaccination ranged from July to November 2020, and 10 cases received two doses of vaccine simultaneously and 10 cases received two doses of vaccine at intervals of 14-57 days. The intervals between the completion of vaccination and the onset ranged from 87 days to 224 days. The differences in classification and clinical type between the two groups were significant. Significant differences were observed in case classification and clinical type between vaccinated group and unvaccinated group (P<0.05). The vaccinated group had a relatively high proportion of asymptomatic infections (40.00%, 8/20), while mild infections were mainly observed in the unvaccinated group(76.36%,42/55). The differences in Ct values (ORF1ab gene and N gene) at the diagnosis were not significant between vaccinated group and unvaccinated group (P>0.05), similar results were also observed in lymphocyte subtypes, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein level comparisons. Serum amyloid A level was higher in unvaccinated group than in vaccinated group (P<0.05). However, the SARS-CoV-2 related serum antibody of IgM, IgG and total antibody levels were significantly higher in vaccinated group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Risk of infection still exists with SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, which can facilitate the production of specific serum antibody of IgM and IgG when people are exposed to the virus. It has a certain protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 infected persons. Vaccination can reduce the clinical symptoms and mitigate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yue
- Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Liang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Mao
- Emergency Ward, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu 610011, China
| | - M Hu
- Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D L Han
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Y Su
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Chen
- Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S F Fan
- Department of AIDS and STD Control and Prevention, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041,China
| | - X C Zhang
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041,China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041,China
| | - Q W Yuan
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041,China
| | - Z Liu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang QL, Su LY, Zhang ST, Xu XP, Chen XH, Li X, Jiang MQ, Huang SQ, Chen YK, Zhang ZH, Lai ZX, Lin YL. Analyses of microRNA166 gene structure, expression, and function during the early stage of somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 147:205-214. [PMID: 31869733 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA166 (miR166) contributes to post-transcriptional regulation by binding the mRNAs of HD-ZIP III genes, which affects plant growth and development. The structural characteristics, expression, and functions of miR166 genes during the early somatic embryogenesis stage in Dimocarpus longan remain unknown. We isolated the transcripts of pri-miR166 S78 with two transcription initiation sites (TSSs) and pri-miR166 S338 with one TSS. These sequences contain potential smORFs and encode different miRNA peptides (miPEPs). Additionally, their promoters contain cis-acting elements responsive to diverse stimuli. The pre-miR166 S78 and pre-miR166 S338 expression levels were up-regulated in response to 2,4-D, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Although the expression patterns induced by hormones were similar, there were differences in the extent of the response, with pre-miR166 S338 more responsive than pre-miR166 S78. Thus, miRNA transcription and maturation are not simply linearly correlated. Moreover, pre-miR166 S78 and pre-miR166 S338 expression levels were down-regulated, whereas ATHB15 (target gene) expression was up-regulated, from the longan embryonic callus to the globular embryo stages. These results are indicative of a negative regulatory relationship between miR166 and ATHB15 during the early somatic embryogenesis stage in longan. At the same stages, miR166a.2-agomir, miR166a.2-antagomir, and miPEP166 S338 increased or decreased the expression of miR166a.2 and ATHB15, but with no consistent patterns or linear synchronization, from which we've found some reasons for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - L Y Su
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - S T Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - X P Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - X H Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - X Li
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - M Q Jiang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - S Q Huang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Y K Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Z X Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Y L Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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Ma X, Zhai ZC, Zhang ML, Song BH, Zhu YR, Yang SB, Dong XQ, Su LY, Wang CF, Ma HX, Luan WM. Molecular cloning and expression vector construction of bovine TRIM28. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8793. [PMID: 27420979 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15028793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The bovine TRIM28 gene was amplified from ovary tissue by using RT-PCR. The TRIM28 gene was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP and transfected into bovine fetal fibroblasts by using Lipofectamine 3000. TRIM28 mRNA and protein were detected by fluorescence microscope and western blotting. The results showed that the full length of TRIM28 was cloned and pIRES2-EGFP-TRIM28 was constructed successfully. EGFP expression was observed, and the pIRES2-EGFP-TRIM28 transfected group expressed more TRIM28 protein than that by the pIRES2-EGFP group. The TIMR28 gene has been successfully transferred into bovine fetal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Z C Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - M L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - B H Song
- Chang Chun Medical College, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y R Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - S B Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Q Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Y Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - C F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - H X Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - W M Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Su LY, Audran C, Bouzayen M, Roustan JP, Chervin C. The Aux/IAA, Sl-IAA17 regulates quality parameters over tomato fruit development. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e1071001. [PMID: 26317283 PMCID: PMC4883969 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is known to be involved in all the stages of fruit development. Aux/IAAs are regulators of the auxin signaling at the transcription level. In a recent study, using RNAi strategy to limit the expression Sl-IAA17, it was shown that this tomato AuxIAA regulates fruit size mainly through altering the ploidy level of pericarp cells. Indeed, Sl-IAA17 down-regulated lines showed fruit with larger diameter, bigger volume and heavier weight than wild-type. The increase in fruit size was associated with thicker pericarp rather than larger locular spaces. The thicker pericarp was linked to larger cells harboring higher ploidy level, probably due to more active endoreduplication at the beginning of fruit development. The present report describes some additional phenotypes, not described in the initial article, among which are soluble solid content, juice pH, firmness, seed weight and fruit morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- LY Su
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse; Toulouse, France
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, INRA; Castanet-Tolosan, France
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Arts and Science; Xi'an, China
| | - C Audran
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse; Toulouse, France
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, INRA; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - M Bouzayen
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse; Toulouse, France
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, INRA; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - JP Roustan
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse; Toulouse, France
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, INRA; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - C Chervin
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse; Toulouse, France
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, INRA; Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Li BJ, Shen H, Cao FL, Su LY, Hu DW. Neural Substrate of Internet Addiction Revealed by Neuroimaging Technique in a GoStop Paradigm. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Ding YD, Shi J, Su LY, Xu JQ, Su CJ, Guo XE, Ju G. Intracerebroventricular injection of senktide-induced Fos expression in vasopressin-containing hypothalamic neurons in the rat. Brain Res 2000; 882:95-102. [PMID: 11056188 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular injection of senktide, a selective agonist for neurokinin B receptor (NK3), induced Fos expression in many neurons of the rat hypothalamus. Fos-positive neurons were predominantly present in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and some of them were seen in the lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, perifornical region, posterior hypothalamic area, circular nucleus, and along relatively large blood vessels (lateral hypothalamic perivascular nucleus) in the anterior hypothalamus. A double labeling study was performed to examine if vasopressin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus could be activated by the treatment. Neurons with both Fos-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and vasopressin-LI were found in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, circular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic perivascular nucleus. In the supraoptic nucleus, about 87% of vasopressin-containing neurons exhibited Fos-LI, which corresponded to about 64% of Fos-positive neurons in the nucleus. In the paraventricular nucleus, about 80% of vasopressin-like immunoreactive neurons exhibited Fos-LI, which constituted about 51% of the total population of Fos-positive neurons in the region. The results suggest that NK3 receptor may be involved in the modulation of release of vasopressin from the hypothalamus in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Ding
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, PR China.
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Campell BR, Su LY, Pengelly WL. Auxin autonomy in cultured tobacco teratoma tissues transformed by an auxin-mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Planta 1992; 188:123-128. [PMID: 24178208 DOI: 10.1007/bf00198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/1992] [Accepted: 04/02/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the mechanism of auxin autonomy in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) crowngall tissues transformed by the auxin-mutant (tms (-)) A66 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Normally, tms (-) tobacco tumor tissues require the formation of shoots to exhibit auxin-independent growth in culture. We have isolated from tms (-) tobacco cells several stable variants that are fully hormone-independent and grow rapidly as friable, unorganized tissues, thus mimicking the growth and morphology of tms (+) tobacco cells that produce high levels of auxin. However, none of the variants contained the high levels of auxin found in tms (+) tumor cells. The variants could be divided into two classes with respect to their response to applied auxin. The first class was highly sensitive to applied auxin: low concentrations (1 μM) of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) severely inhibited growth and markedly stimulated the accumulation of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). The second class of variants showed a low sensitivity to applied auxin: growth was promoted by concentrations of NAA up to 10 μM, and growth inhibition and high ACC levels were observed only at high NAA concentrations (100 μM). Unorganized variants with low auxin sensitivity were also isolated from a variant line with high auxin sensitivity. The isolation of tumor cells that exhibited the growth phenotype of tms (+) cells while retaining the low auxin content and low auxin sensitivity of tms (-) cells indicates that full hormone autonomy, characteristic of wild-type crown-gall tumors, can be achieved by a mechanism that is independent of changes in the auxin physiology of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Campell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, 19600 N.W. Von Neumann Drive, 97006-1999, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Abstract
Parental and teacher ratings of adjustment on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Rating Form were obtained on 39 subjects diagnosed as having attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH), 31 subjects with ADDH plus learning disability (ADDH-LD), and 29 controls. Subjects were all males between the ages of 9 and 11 years and resided in Changsha, People's Republic of China. Significant group differences were found between the two clinical groups and the control group. Ratings by parents and teachers of the ADDH and ADDH-LD groups indicated more behavior problems and poorer social adjustment than controls. ADDH and ADDH-LD groups were not significantly different from one another except on ratings of school and learning problems.
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Campell BR, Su LY, Pengelly WL. Compensation for a Mutated Auxin Biosynthesis Gene of Agrobacterium Ti Plasmid A66 in Nicotiana glutinosa Does Not Result from Increased Auxin Accumulation. Plant Physiol 1989; 89:1337-40. [PMID: 16666706 PMCID: PMC1056018 DOI: 10.1104/pp.89.4.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana glutinosa compensated for a mutated tumor-morphology-shooty (tms) (auxin biosynthesis) locus of Agrobacterlum tumefaciens strain A66 and showed the same virulent tumor response to infection by strain A66 or the wild-type strain A6. Cloned cell lines transformed by strains A6 or A66 were fully hormone independent in culture and grew rapidly as friable, unorganized tissues on hormone-free growth medium. Growth of N. glutinosa tumor cells was inhibited by addition of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid to the growth medium, and A6- and A66-transformed cells showed similar dose responses to this auxin. On the other hand, A6-transformed cells contained much higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) than A66-transformed cells. Differences in IAA and ACC levels in N. glutinosa tumor lines were consistent with the expected activity of the tms locus and were quantitatively similar to results obtained previously with A6- and A66-transformed cells of Nicotiana tabacum, which does not compensate for mutated tms genes. Thus, compensation for mutated tms genes in N. glutinosa did not result from increased auxin accumulation and did not appear to be related to the capacity of this host for auxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Campell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-1999
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Abstract
The authors studied depressive symptoms among 251 Chinese medical inpatients through the use of the Beck Depression Inventory. Assessment of 100 healthy Chinese volunteers validated the use of American score norms for Chinese subjects. A total of 47.8% of the 251 medical inpatients (N = 120) met the Beck scale criterion for depression. Beck scale scores varied with the occupation of patients and the severity of medical illness but did not vary with sex, age, marital status, duration of hospitalization, or medical diagnosis.
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Jiao XZ, Philosoph-Hadas S, Su LY, Yang SF. The Conversion of 1-(Malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid to 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid in Plant Tissues. Plant Physiol 1986; 81:637-41. [PMID: 16664869 PMCID: PMC1075390 DOI: 10.1104/pp.81.2.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC), the major conjugate of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in plant tissues, is a poor ethylene producer, it is generally thought that MACC is a biologically inactive end product of ACC. In the present study we have shown that the capability of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br) stem sections and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf discs to convert exogenously applied MACC to ACC increased with increasing MACC concentrations (0.2-5 millimolar) and duration (4-48 hours) of the treatment. The MACC-induced ethylene production was inhibited by CoCl(2) but not by aminoethoxyvinylglycin, suggesting that the ACC formed is derived from the MACC applied, and not from the methionine pathway. This was further confirmed by the observation that radioactive MACC released radioactive ACC and ethylene. A cell-free extract, which catalyzes the conversion of MACC to ACC, was prepared from watercress stems which were preincubated with 1 millimolar MACC for 24 hours. Neither fresh tissues nor aged tissues incubated without external MACC exhibited enzymic activity, confirming the view that the enzyme is induced by MACC. The enzyme had a K(m) of 0.45 millimolar for MACC and showed maximal activity at pH 8.0 in the presence of 1 millimolar MnSO(4). The present study indicates that high MACC levels in the plant tissue can induce to some extent the capability to convert MACC to ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Jiao
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Liu Y, Su LY, Yang SF. Ethylene Promotes the Capability To Malonylate 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid and d-Amino Acids in Preclimacteric Tomato Fruits. Plant Physiol 1985; 77:891-5. [PMID: 16664157 PMCID: PMC1064626 DOI: 10.1104/pp.77.4.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
When whole unripe green tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv T(3)) were treated with ethylene (10 microliters per liter) for 18 hours, the fruit's ability to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) increased markedly and such an effect was also observed in fruits of mutant nor, which cannot ripen normally. The promotion of the capability to malonylate ACC by ethylene increased with the increasing ethylene concentration from 0.1 to 100 microliters per liter and with increasing duration of ethylene treatment up to 8 hours; a longer duration of ethylene treatment did not further increase the malonylation capability. When ethylene was withdrawn, the promotion disappeared within 72 hours. Norbornadiene, a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action, effectively eliminated the promotive effect of ethylene. Ethylene treatment also promoted the fruits' capability to conjugate d-amino acids and alpha-amino-isobutyric acid. Since the increase in the tissue's capability to malonylate ACC was accompanied by an increase in the extractable activity of ACC and d-amino acid malonyltransferase, ethylene is thought to promote the development of ACC/d-amino acid malonyltransferase in unripe tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Liu Y, Su LY, Yang SF. Stereoselectivity of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate malonyltransferase toward stereoisomers of 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 235:319-25. [PMID: 6517594 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A malonyltransferase isolated from mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) hypocotyls catalyzed the malonylation of both 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and D-amino acids. The possibility that ACC was recognized by the enzyme as a D-amino acid was investigated by examining the efficiencies of the four stereoisomers of 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (AEC) serving as substrates of malonyltransferase and as inhibitors of ACC malonyltransferase. Although all four isomers were malonylated by the enzyme and competitively inhibited the malonylation of ACC to N-malonyl-ACC, (1R,2S)-AEC and (1R,2R)-AEC, both of which have an R-configuration as a D-amino acid, had lower Km and Ki values (0.1 to 0.2 mM) than their enantiomers, (1S,2R)-AEC (Km and Ki values were about 1 mM) and (1S,2S)-AEC (Km and Ki values were higher than 10 mM), which have an S-configuration as an L-amino acid. Similarly, (R)-isovaline (2-amino-2-methylbutanoic acid), which has an R-configuration as a D-amino acid, inhibited more effectively the enzymatic conversion of ACC to malonyl-ACC than did (S)-isovaline, which has an S-configuration as an L-amino acid. In mungbean hypocotyls (1R,2S)-AEC and (1R,2R)-AEC were also more efficiently converted into malonyl conjugates and more efficiently inhibited the conversion of radioactive ACC into malonyl-ACC than their enantiomers, although the differences in efficiency among stereoisomers were smaller in hypocotyls than in enzymatic reactions. These results suggest that ACC is recognized by the enzyme as a D-amino acid.
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Liu Y, Su LY, Yang SF. Metabolism of α-aminoisobutyric acid in mungbean hypocotyls in relation to metabolism of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Planta 1984; 161:439-443. [PMID: 24253844 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1983] [Accepted: 03/15/1984] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is known to be converted to ethylene and conjugated into N-malonyl-ACC in plant tissues. When α-amino[1-(14)C]isobutyric acid (AIB), a structural analog of ACC, was administered to mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) hypocotyl segments, it was metabolized to (14)CO2 and conjugated to N-malonyl-AIB (MAIB). α-Aminoisobutyric acid inhibited the conversion of ACC to ethylene and also inhibited, to a lesser extent, N-malonylation of ACC and D-amino acids. Although the malonylation of AIB was strongly inhibited by ACC as well as by D-amino acids, the metabolism of AIB to CO2 was inhibited only by ACC but not by D-amino acids. Inhibitors of ACC conversion to ethylene such as anaerobiosis, 2,4-dinitrophenol and Co(2+), similarly inhibited the conversion of AIB to CO2. These results indicate that the malonyalation of AIB to MAIB is intimately related to the malonylation of ACC and D-amino acids, whereas oxidative decarboxylation of AIB is related to the oxidative degradation of ACC to ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA
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Wu PY, Sims ME, Geierman CA, Hodgman JE, Su LY. Effects of line voltage variability on phototherapy. Biochem Med 1980; 23:223-30. [PMID: 7396891 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(80)90075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Su
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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