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Vizcaíno-Castillo A, Kotila T, Kogan K, Yanase R, Como J, Antenucci L, Michelot A, Sunter JD, Lappalainen P. Leishmania profilin interacts with actin through an unusual structural mechanism to control cytoskeletal dynamics in parasites. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105740. [PMID: 38340794 PMCID: PMC10907219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites are a major health problem in tropical countries. Because of their complex life cycle involving both vertebrate and insect hosts, and >1 billion years of evolutionarily distance, the cell biology of trypanosomatid parasites exhibits pronounced differences to animal cells. For example, the actin cytoskeleton of trypanosomatids is divergent when compared with other eukaryotes. To understand how actin dynamics are regulated in trypanosomatid parasites, we focused on a central actin-binding protein profilin. Co-crystal structure of Leishmania major actin in complex with L. major profilin revealed that, although the overall folds of actin and profilin are conserved in eukaryotes, Leishmania profilin contains a unique α-helical insertion, which interacts with the target binding cleft of actin monomer. This insertion is conserved across the Trypanosomatidae family and is similar to the structure of WASP homology-2 (WH2) domain, a small actin-binding motif found in many other cytoskeletal regulators. The WH2-like motif contributes to actin monomer binding and enhances the actin nucleotide exchange activity of Leishmania profilin. Moreover, Leishmania profilin inhibited formin-catalyzed actin filament assembly in a mechanism that is dependent on the presence of the WH2-like motif. By generating profilin knockout and knockin Leishmania mexicana strains, we show that profilin is important for efficient endocytic sorting in parasites, and that the ability to bind actin monomers and proline-rich proteins, and the presence of a functional WH2-like motif, are important for the in vivo function of Leishmania profilin. Collectively, this study uncovers molecular principles by which profilin regulates actin dynamics in trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tommi Kotila
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ryuji Yanase
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Juna Como
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Lina Antenucci
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alphee Michelot
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK.
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tossavainen H, Pitkänen I, Antenucci L, Thapa C, Permi P. Chemical shift assignments of the catalytic domain of Staphylococcus aureus LytM. Biomol NMR Assign 2023:10.1007/s12104-023-10161-3. [PMID: 37914968 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
S. aureus resistance to antibiotics has increased rapidly. MRSA strains can simultaneously be resistant to many different classes of antibiotics, including the so-called "last-resort" drugs. Resistance complicates treatment, increases mortality and substantially increases the cost of treatment. The need for new drugs against (multi)resistant S. aureus is high. M23B family peptidoglycan hydrolases, enzymes that can kill S. aureus by cleaving glycine-glycine peptide bonds in S. aureus cell wall are attractive targets for drug development because of their binding specificity and lytic activity. M23B enzymes lysostaphin, LytU and LytM have closely similar catalytic domain structures. They however differ in their lytic activities, which can arise from non-conserved residues in the catalytic groove and surrounding loops or differences in dynamics. We report here the near complete 1H/13C/15N resonance assignment of the catalytic domain of LytM, residues 185-316. The chemical shift data allow comparative structural and functional studies between the enzymes and is essential for understanding how these hydrolases degrade the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tossavainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Ilona Pitkänen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Chandan Thapa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Arredondo-Nuñez A, Monteiro G, Flores-Fernández CN, Antenucci L, Permi P, Zavaleta AI. Characterization of a Type II L-Asparaginase from the Halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2145. [PMID: 38004285 PMCID: PMC10672034 DOI: 10.3390/life13112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases from bacterial sources have been used in antineoplastic treatments and the food industry. A type II L-asparaginase encoded by the N-truncated gene ansZP21 of halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11 isolated from Chilca salterns in Peru was expressed using a heterologous system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS. The recombinant protein was purified using one-step nickel affinity chromatography and exhibited an activity of 234.38 U mg-1 and a maximum catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme showed a homotetrameric form with an estimated molecular weight of 155 kDa through gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme half-life at 60 °C was 3 h 48 min, and L-asparaginase retained 50% of its initial activity for 24 h at 37 °C. The activity was considerably enhanced by KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, mercaptoethanol, and DL-dithiothreitol (p-value < 0.01). Moreover, the Vmax and Km were 145.2 µmol mL-1 min-1 and 4.75 mM, respectively. These findings evidence a promising novel type II L-asparaginase for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annsy Arredondo-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Carol N. Flores-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; (L.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; (L.A.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amparo Iris Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 01, Peru;
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Moliner R, Girych M, Brunello CA, Kovaleva V, Biojone C, Enkavi G, Antenucci L, Kot EF, Goncharuk SA, Kaurinkoski K, Kuutti M, Fred SM, Elsilä LV, Sakson S, Cannarozzo C, Diniz CRAF, Seiffert N, Rubiolo A, Haapaniemi H, Meshi E, Nagaeva E, Öhman T, Róg T, Kankuri E, Vilar M, Varjosalo M, Korpi ER, Permi P, Mineev KS, Saarma M, Vattulainen I, Casarotto PC, Castrén E. Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1032-1041. [PMID: 37280397 PMCID: PMC10244169 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelics produce fast and persistent antidepressant effects and induce neuroplasticity resembling the effects of clinically approved antidepressants. We recently reported that pharmacologically diverse antidepressants, including fluoxetine and ketamine, act by binding to TrkB, the receptor for BDNF. Here we show that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocin directly bind to TrkB with affinities 1,000-fold higher than those for other antidepressants, and that psychedelics and antidepressants bind to distinct but partially overlapping sites within the transmembrane domain of TrkB dimers. The effects of psychedelics on neurotrophic signaling, plasticity and antidepressant-like behavior in mice depend on TrkB binding and promotion of endogenous BDNF signaling but are independent of serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) activation, whereas LSD-induced head twitching is dependent on 5-HT2A and independent of TrkB binding. Our data confirm TrkB as a common primary target for antidepressants and suggest that high-affinity TrkB positive allosteric modulators lacking 5-HT2A activity may retain the antidepressant potential of psychedelics without hallucinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moliner
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vera Kovaleva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Erik F Kot
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergey A Goncharuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Katja Kaurinkoski
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirjami Kuutti
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Senem M Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri V Elsilä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sven Sakson
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Cassiano R A F Diniz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina Seiffert
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Rubiolo
- Neuroscience, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hele Haapaniemi
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elsa Meshi
- Biomedical Sciences, Hellenic University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elina Nagaeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Structural and Quantitative Biology Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Instruct-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Tossavainen H, Uğurlu H, Karjalainen M, Hellman M, Antenucci L, Fagerlund R, Saksela K, Permi P. Structure of SNX9 SH3 in complex with a viral ligand reveals the molecular basis of its unique specificity for alanine-containing class I SH3 motifs. Structure 2022; 30:828-839.e6. [PMID: 35390274 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Class I SH3 domain-binding motifs generally comply with the consensus sequence [R/K]xØPxxP, the hydrophobic residue Ø being proline or leucine. We have studied the unusual Ø = Ala-specificity of SNX9 SH3 by determining its complex structure with a peptide present in eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) nsP3. The structure revealed the length and composition of the n-Src loop as important factors determining specificity. We also compared the affinities of EEEV nsP3 peptide, its mutants, and cellular ligands to SNX9 SH3. These data suggest that nsP3 has evolved to minimize reduction of conformational entropy upon binding, hence acquiring stronger affinity, enabling takeover of SNX9. The RxAPxxP motif was also found in human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) Gag polyprotein. We found that this motif was required for efficient HTLV-1 infection, and that the specificity of SNX9 SH3 for the RxAPxxP core binding motif was importantly involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tossavainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - Hasan Uğurlu
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Mikael Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - Maarit Hellman
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland
| | - Riku Fagerlund
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland.
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Kotila T, Wioland H, Muniyandi S, Kogan K, Antenucci L, Jegou AG, Huiskonen J, Romet-Lemonne G, Lappalainen P. Structural and biochemical basis of rapid actin dynamics in Leishmania parasites. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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7
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Salomaa SI, Miihkinen M, Kremneva E, Paatero I, Lilja J, Jacquemet G, Vuorio J, Antenucci L, Kogan K, Hassani Nia F, Hollos P, Isomursu A, Vattulainen I, Coffey ET, Kreienkamp HJ, Lappalainen P, Ivaska J. SHANK3 conformation regulates direct actin binding and crosstalk with Rap1 signaling. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4956-4970.e9. [PMID: 34610274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin-rich cellular protrusions direct versatile biological processes from cancer cell invasion to dendritic spine development. The stability, morphology, and specific biological functions of these protrusions are regulated by crosstalk between three main signaling axes: integrins, actin regulators, and small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). SHANK3 is a multifunctional scaffold protein, interacting with several actin-binding proteins and a well-established autism risk gene. Recently, SHANK3 was demonstrated to sequester integrin-activating small GTPases Rap1 and R-Ras to inhibit integrin activity via its Shank/ProSAP N-terminal (SPN) domain. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to scaffolding actin regulators and actin-binding proteins, SHANK3 interacts directly with actin through its SPN domain. Molecular simulations and targeted mutagenesis of the SPN-ankyrin repeat region (ARR) interface reveal that actin binding is inhibited by an intramolecular closed conformation of SHANK3, where the adjacent ARR domain covers the actin-binding interface of the SPN domain. Actin and Rap1 compete with each other for binding to SHANK3, and mutation of SHANK3, resulting in reduced actin binding, augments inhibition of Rap1-mediated integrin activity. This dynamic crosstalk has functional implications for cell morphology and integrin activity in cancer cells. In addition, SHANK3-actin interaction regulates dendritic spine morphology in neurons and autism-linked phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri I Salomaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Elena Kremneva
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5B, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Johanna Lilja
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Joni Vuorio
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lina Antenucci
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5B, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5B, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Hollos
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eleanor T Coffey
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5B, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland.
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Antenucci L, Hytönen VP, Ylänne J. Phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs and integrin cytoplasmic domains activate spleen tyrosine kinase via distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4591-4602. [PMID: 29440271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is involved in cellular adhesion and also in the activation and development of hematopoietic cells. Syk activation induced by genomic rearrangement has been linked to certain T-cell lymphomas, and Syk inhibitors have been shown to prolong survival of patients with B-cell lineage malignancies. Syk is activated either by its interaction with a double-phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (pITAM), which induces rearrangements in the Syk structure, or by the phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues. In addition to its immunoreceptor function, Syk is activated downstream of integrin pathways, and integrins bind to the same region in Syk as does pITAM. However, it is unknown whether integrins and pITAM use the same mechanism to activate Syk. Here, using purified Syk protein and fluorescence-based enzyme assay we investigated whether interaction of the integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain with the Syk regulatory domain causes changes in Syk activity similar to those induced by pITAM peptides. We observed no direct Syk activation by soluble integrin peptide, and integrin did not compete with pITAM-induced activation even though at high concentrations, the integrin cytoplasmic domain peptide competed with Syk's substrate. However, clustered integrin peptides induced Syk activation, presumably via a transphosphorylation mechanism. Moreover, the clustered integrins also activated a Syk variant in which tyrosines were replaced with phenylalanine (Y348F/Y352F), indicating that clustered integrin-induced Syk activation involved other phosphorylation sites. In conclusion, integrin cytoplasmic domains do not directly induce Syk conformational changes and do not activate Syk via the same mechanism as pITAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Antenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Jari Ylänne
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Vitale RM, Antenucci L, Gavagnin M, Raimo G, Amodeo P. Structure-activity relationships of fraxamoside as an unusual xanthine oxidase inhibitor. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:345-354. [PMID: 28097900 PMCID: PMC6009875 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1252758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fraxamoside, a macrocyclic secoiridoid glucoside featuring a hydroxytyrosol group, was recently identified as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) comparable in potency in vitro to the standard antigout drug allopurinol. However, this activity and its considerably higher value than its derivatives oleuropein, oleoside 11-methyl ester, and hydroxytyrosol are not explained by structure-activity relationships (SARs) of known XOIs. To exclude allosteric mechanisms, we first determined the inhibition kinetic of fraxamoside. The resulting competitive mechanism prompted a computational SAR characterization, combining molecular docking and dynamics, which fully explained the behavior of fraxamoside and its derivatives, attributed the higher activity of the former to conformational properties of its macrocycle, and showed a substantial contribution of the glycosidic moiety to binding, in striking contrast with glycoside derivatives of most other XOIs. Overall, fraxamoside emerged as a lead compound for a new class of XOIs potentially characterized by reduced interference with purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Council Research (CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Council Research (CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Council Research (CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
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10
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De Marino S, Festa C, Zollo F, Nini A, Antenucci L, Raimo G, Iorizzi M. Antioxidant activity and chemical components as potential anticancer agents in the olive leaf (Olea europaea L. cv Leccino.) decoction. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2015; 14:1376-85. [PMID: 25102361 DOI: 10.2174/1871520614666140804153936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases is correlated with a regular consumption of fruits and vegetable, many of which are rich in polyphenols. The additive and synergistic effect of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables may reduce chronic diseases related to oxidative stress in human body. Olea europaea L. leaf are rich in phenolic components, which have been proposed to play a role in cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to identify the main components in the Olea europaea L. leaf (cv. Leccino) preserved during the decoction preparation, in order to delineate the antioxidant activities of the crude extracts and its isolated compounds by using different in vitro assays including DPPH radicalscavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effect and the ability to delay the linoleic acid peroxidation process (ALP). The aqueous decoction was partitioned obtaining four extracts and the n-butanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and the highest total phenolic content. Phytochemical investigation leads to the isolation of thirteen secondary metabolites including simple phenolics, flavonoids, secoiridoids whose structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric techniques. A significant free radical scavenging effect against DPPH has been evidenced in fraxamoside (1) (EC50 62.6 µM) and taxifolin (5) (EC50 50.0 µM), isolated for the first time from the water decoction. The most active compound in the TAC evaluation, was the 3,4 dihydro-phenyl glycol (8) (0.90 caffeic acid equiv.) while taxifolin and fraxamoside resulted as the most efficient inhibitors of XO activity (IC50 2.7 and 5.2 µM, respectively). Secoxyloganin (4), oleuropein (2) and tyrosol (6) showed the highest ALP activity. This study adds to the growing body of data supporting the bioactivities of phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Iorizzi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Universita degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche Isernia, Italy.
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