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Leon LM, Marrero Cofino G, Delannoy A, Placet M, Geha S, Verdú EF, Fortier LC, Menendez A, Saucier C. A194 IMPACT OF SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING 1 (SOCS1) EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS ON THE GUT MICROBIOTA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991357 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
NOT PUBLISHED AT AUTHOR’S REQUEST
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Leon
- Departments of Immunology and Cell Biology
| | | | - A Delannoy
- Departments of Immunology and Cell Biology
| | - M Placet
- Departments of Immunology and Cell Biology
| | - S Geha
- Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke
| | | | - L -C Fortier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - A Menendez
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - C Saucier
- Departments of Immunology and Cell Biology
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Mendoza SD, Nieweglowska ES, Govindarajan S, Leon LM, Berry JD, Tiwari A, Chaikeeratisak V, Pogliano J, Agard DA, Bondy-Denomy J. A bacteriophage nucleus-like compartment shields DNA from CRISPR nucleases. Nature 2019; 577:244-248. [PMID: 31819262 PMCID: PMC6949375 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All viruses require strategies to inhibit or evade the immunity pathways of cells they infect. The viruses that infect bacteria, bacteriophages (phages), must avoid nucleic-acid targeting immune pathways such as CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated genes) and restriction-modification (R-M) systems to replicate efficiently1. Here, we show that jumbo phage ΦKZ, infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, segregates its DNA from immunity nucleases by constructing a proteinaceous nucleus-like compartment. ΦKZ resists many DNA-targeting immune systems in vivo, including two CRISPR-Cas3 subtypes, Cas9, Cas12a, and the restriction enzymes HsdRMS and EcoRI. Cas and restriction enzymes are unable to access the phage DNA throughout the infection, but engineered re-localization of EcoRI inside the compartment enables phage targeting and cell protection. Moreover, ΦKZ is sensitive to the RNA targeting CRISPR-Cas enzyme, Cas13a, likely due to phage mRNA localizing to the cytoplasm. Collectively, we propose that Pseudomonas jumbo phages evade a broad spectrum of DNA-targeting nucleases through the assembly of a protein barrier around their genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senén D Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliza S Nieweglowska
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sutharsan Govindarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, SRM University AP, Amaravati, India
| | - Lina M Leon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anika Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joe Pogliano
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bondy-Denomy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Marino ND, Zhang JY, Borges AL, Sousa AA, Leon LM, Rauch BJ, Walton RT, Berry JD, Joung JK, Kleinstiver BP, Bondy-Denomy J. Discovery of widespread type I and type V CRISPR-Cas inhibitors. Science 2018; 362:240-242. [PMID: 30190308 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems protect their host from bacteriophages and other mobile genetic elements. Mobile elements, in turn, encode various anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to inhibit the immune function of CRISPR-Cas. To date, Acr proteins have been discovered for type I (subtypes I-D, I-E, and I-F) and type II (II-A and II-C) but not other CRISPR systems. Here, we report the discovery of 12 acr genes, including inhibitors of type V-A and I-C CRISPR systems. AcrVA1 inhibits a broad spectrum of Cas12a (Cpf1) orthologs-including MbCas12a, Mb3Cas12a, AsCas12a, and LbCas12a-when assayed in human cells. The acr genes reported here provide useful biotechnological tools and mark the discovery of acr loci in many bacteria and phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jenny Y Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adair L Borges
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexander A Sousa
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lina M Leon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Benjamin J Rauch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Russell T Walton
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joel D Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Keith Joung
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Bondy-Denomy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Leon LM, Mendoza SD, Bondy-Denomy J. How bacteria control the CRISPR-Cas arsenal. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 42:87-95. [PMID: 29169146 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune systems that protect their hosts from predation by bacteriophages (phages) and parasitism by other mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Given the potent nuclease activity of CRISPR effectors, these enzymes must be carefully regulated to minimize toxicity and maximize anti-phage immunity. While attention has been given to the transcriptional regulation of these systems (reviewed in [1]), less consideration has been given to the crucial post-translational processes that govern enzyme activation and inactivation. Here, we review recent findings that describe how Cas nucleases are controlled in diverse systems to provide a robust anti-viral response while limiting auto-immunity. We also draw comparisons to a distinct bacterial immune system, restriction-modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Leon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Senén D Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Joseph Bondy-Denomy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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Thomas DE, Leon LM. Hepatic artery aneurysm rupture: case report, imaging findings, and literature review. S D J Med 1998; 51:413-6. [PMID: 9830329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic artery aneurysm rupture is a rare condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid a potentially fatal outcome. The clinical presentation is often non-specific. The classic triad of abdominal pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and obstructive jaundice occurs in less than one-third of cases. Physical examination is rarely helpful since bruits, masses or pulsations are infrequent. Radiologic imaging provides the best tool to early diagnosis. Angiography has historically been the gold standard of diagnosis and is needed prior to radiologic intervention. Computerized tomography, doppler ultrasound and even magnetic resonance imaging have all demonstrated visceral artery aneurysms with success. Conventional treatment has included surgical ligation and resection. More recently transcatheter embolization or even percutaneous transhepatic injection of thrombin has been successfully performed by the interventional radiologist. This article discusses the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and review of the literature of this elusive entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Thomas
- Siouxland Medical Education Foundation, Sioux City, Iowa, USA
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