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Ragodos R, Wang T, Padilla C, Hecht JT, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Buxó CJ, Butali A, Valencia-Ramirez C, Muñeton CR, Wehby GL, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML, Moreno Uribe LM, Howe BJ. Author Correction: Dental anomaly detection using intraoral photos via deep learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13541. [PMID: 35941160 PMCID: PMC9360003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ronilo Ragodos
- Department of Management Sciences, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Management Sciences, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando A Poletta
- ECLAMC at Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iêda M Orioli
- ECLAMC at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Howe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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2
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Ragodos R, Wang T, Padilla C, Hecht JT, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Buxó CJ, Butali A, Valencia-Ramirez C, Restrepo Muñeton C, Wehby GL, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML, Moreno Uribe LM, Howe BJ. Dental anomaly detection using intraoral photos via deep learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11577. [PMID: 35804050 PMCID: PMC9270352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with orofacial clefting (OFC) present with a wide range of dental anomalies. Identifying these anomalies is vital to understand their etiology and to discern the complex phenotypic spectrum of OFC. Such anomalies are currently identified using intra-oral exams by dentists, a costly and time-consuming process. We claim that automating the process of anomaly detection using deep neural networks (DNNs) could increase efficiency and provide reliable anomaly detection while potentially increasing the speed of research discovery. This study characterizes the use of` DNNs to identify dental anomalies by training a DNN model using intraoral photographs from the largest international cohort to date of children with nonsyndromic OFC and controls (OFC1). In this project, the intraoral images were submitted to a Convolutional Neural Network model to perform multi-label multi-class classification of 10 dental anomalies. The network predicts whether an individual exhibits any of the 10 anomalies and can do so significantly faster than a human rater can. For all but three anomalies, F1 scores suggest that our model performs competitively at anomaly detection when compared to a dentist with 8 years of clinical experience. In addition, we use saliency maps to provide a post-hoc interpretation for our model's predictions. This enables dentists to examine and verify our model's predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronilo Ragodos
- Department of Management Sciences, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Management Sciences, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando A Poletta
- ECLAMC at Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iêda M Orioli
- ECLAMC at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Howe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Howe BJ, Pendleton C, Withanage MHH, Childs CA, Zeng E, van Wijk A, Hermus R, Padilla C, Hecht JT, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Buxó-Martínez CJ, Deleyiannis F, Vieira AR, Butali A, Valencia-Ramirez C, Restrepo Muñeton C, Wehby GL, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML, Moreno Uribe LM, Xie XJ. Tooth Agenesis Patterns in Orofacial Clefting Using Tooth Agenesis Code: A Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:128. [PMID: 35877402 PMCID: PMC9323030 DOI: 10.3390/dj10070128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with orofacial clefting (OFC) have a higher prevalence of tooth agenesis (TA) overall. Neither the precise etiology of TA, nor whether TA occurs in patterns that differ by gender or cleft type is yet known. This meta-analysis aims to identify the spectrum of tooth agenesis patterns in subjects with non-syndromic OFC and controls using the Tooth Agenesis Code (TAC) program. An indexed search of databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL) along with cross-referencing and hand searches were completed from May to June 2019 and re-run in February 2022. Additionally, unpublished TAC data from 914 individuals with OFC and 932 controls were included. TAC pattern frequencies per study were analyzed using a random effects meta-analysis model. A thorough review of 45 records retrieved resulted in 4 articles meeting eligibility criteria, comprising 2182 subjects with OFC and 3171 controls. No TA (0.0.0.0) was seen in 51% of OFC cases and 97% of controls. TAC patterns 0.2.0.0, 2.0.0.0, and 2.2.0.0 indicating uni- or bi-lateral missing upper laterals, and 16.0.0.0 indicating missing upper right second premolar, were more common in subjects with OFC. Subjects with OFC have unique TA patterns and defining these patterns will help increase our understanding of the complex etiology underlying TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Howe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
| | - Chandler Pendleton
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
| | - Miyuraj Harishchandra Hikkaduwa Withanage
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
| | | | - Erliang Zeng
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Arjen van Wijk
- Department of Social Dentistry and Behavioral Sciences, ACTA, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ruurd Hermus
- Orthopraktijk Capelle, 2904 EP Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands;
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines;
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Fernando A. Poletta
- ECLAMC at Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, CEMIC-CONICET, Buenos Aires 4102, Argentina;
| | - Iêda M. Orioli
- ECLAMC at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Carmen J. Buxó-Martínez
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico;
| | | | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.R.V.); (S.M.W.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Azeez Butali
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Consuelo Valencia-Ramirez
- Clinica Noel, Calle 14 No43B 146, Poblado Barrio Manila, Medellin 050034, Colombia; (C.V.-R.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Restrepo Muñeton
- Clinica Noel, Calle 14 No43B 146, Poblado Barrio Manila, Medellin 050034, Colombia; (C.V.-R.); (C.R.M.)
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.R.V.); (S.M.W.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (A.R.V.); (S.M.W.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xian-Jin Xie
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.P.); (M.H.H.W.); (E.Z.); (A.B.); (L.M.M.U.); (X.-J.X.)
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Alotaibi RN, Howe BJ, Moreno Uribe LM, Sanchez C, Deleyiannis FW, Padilla C, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Buxó CJ, Wehby GL, Vieira AR, Murray J, Valencia-Ramírez C, Restrepo Muñeton CP, Long RE, Shaffer JR, Reis SE, Weinberg SM, Neiswanger K, McNeil DW, Marazita ML. Genetic Analyses of Enamel Hypoplasia in Multiethnic Cohorts. Hum Hered 2022; 87:000522642. [PMID: 35172313 PMCID: PMC9378791 DOI: 10.1159/000522642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel hypoplasia causes reduction in the thickness of affected enamel and is one of the most common dental anomalies. This defect is caused by environmental and/or genetic factors that interfere with tooth formation, emphasizing the importance of investigating enamel hypoplasia on an epidemiological and genetic level. A genome-wide association of enamel hypoplasia was performed in multiple cohorts, overall comprising 7,159 individuals ranging in age from 7-82 years. Mixed-models were used to test for genetic association while simultaneously accounting for relatedness and genetic population structure. Meta-analysis was then performed. More than 5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms were tested in individual cohorts. Analyses of the individual cohorts and meta-analysis identified association signals close to genome-wide significance (P < 510-8), and many suggestive association signals (510-8 < P < 510-6) near genes with plausible roles in tooth/enamel development. The strongest association signal (P = 1.5710-9) was observed near BMP2K in one of the individual cohorts. Additional suggestive signals were observed near genes with plausible roles in tooth development in the meta-analysis, such as SLC4A4 which can influence enamel hypoplasia. Additional human genetic studies are needed to replicate these results and functional studies in model systems are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N. Alotaibi
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J. Howe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Carla Sanchez
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fernando A. Poletta
- ECLAMC/INAGEMP CEMIC, Dirección de Investigación A. Galván, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ieda M. Orioli
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Ross E. Long
- Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven E. Reis
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Alotaibi RN, Howe BJ, Moreno Uribe LM, Ramirez CV, Restrepo C, Deleyiannis FW, Padilla C, Orioli IM, Buxó CJ, Hecht JT, Wehby GL, Neiswanger K, Murray JC, Shaffer JR, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML. Multivariate GWAS of Structural Dental Anomalies and Dental Caries in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Front Dent Med 2022; 2:771116. [PMID: 36267138 PMCID: PMC9581442 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.771116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis is a complex process, where disruption can result in dental anomalies and/or increase the risk of developing dental caries. Based on previous studies, certain dental anomalies tend to co-occur in patients, suggesting that these traits may share common genetic and etiological components. The main goal of this study was to implement a multivariate genome-wide association study approach to identify genetic variants shared between correlated structural dental anomalies and dental caries. Our cohort (N = 3,579) was derived from the Pittsburgh Orofacial Clefts Study, where multiple dental traits were assessed in both the unaffected relatives of orofacial cleft (OFC) cases (n = 2,187) and unaffected controls (n = 1,392). We identified four multivariate patterns of correlated traits in this data: tooth agenesis, impaction, and rotation (AIR); enamel hypoplasia, displacement, and rotation (HDR); displacement, rotation, and mamelon (DRM); and dental caries, tooth agenesis and enamel hypoplasia (CAH). We analyzed each of these four models using genome-wide multivariate tests of association. No genome-wide statistically significant results were found, but we identified multiple suggestive association signals (P < 10-5) near genes with known biological roles during tooth development, including ADAMTS9 and PRICKLE2 associated with AIR; GLIS3, WDR72, and ROR2 associated with HDR and DRM; ROBO2 associated with DRM; BMP7 associated with HDR; and ROBO1, SMAD2, and MSX2 associated with CAH. This is the first study to investigate genetic associations for multivariate patterns of correlated dental anomalies and dental caries. Further studies are needed to replicate these results in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N. Alotaibi
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J. Howe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Iowa Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila
| | - Ieda M. Orioli
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, TX, USA
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffery C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Alotaibi RN, Howe BJ, Chernus JM, Mukhopadhyay N, Sanchez C, Deleyiannis FWB, Neiswanger K, Padilla C, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Buxó CJ, Hecht JT, Wehby GL, Long RE, Vieira AR, Weinberg SM, Shaffer JR, Moreno Uribe LM, Marazita ML. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of dental caries in diverse populations. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34311721 PMCID: PMC8311973 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases and is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Most previous genetic studies of caries have focused on identifying genes that contribute to dental caries in specific ethnic groups, usually of European descent. METHODS The aim of this study is to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify associations affecting susceptibility to caries in a large multiethnic population from Argentina, the Philippines, Guatemala, Hungary, and the USA, originally recruited for studies of orofacial clefts (POFC, N = 3686). Ages of the participants ranged from 2 to 12 years for analysis of the primary dentition, and 18-60 years for analysis of the permanent dentition. For each participant, dental caries was assessed by counts of decayed and filled teeth (dft/DFT) and genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) were genotyped or imputed across the entire genome. Caries was analyzed separately for the primary and permanent dentitions, with age, gender, and presence/absence of any type of OFC treated as covariates. Efficient Mixed-Model Association eXpedited (EMMAX) was used to test genetic association, while simultaneously accounting for relatedness and stratification. RESULTS We identified several suggestive loci (5 × 10-8 < P < 5 × 10-6) within or near genes with plausible biological roles for dental caries, including a cluster of taste receptor genes (TAS2R38, TAS2R3, TAS2R4, TASR25) on chromosome 7 for the permanent dentition analysis, and DLX3 and DLX4 on chromosome 17 for the primary dentition analysis. Genome-wide significant results were seen with SNPs in the primary dentition only; however, none of the identified genes near these variants have known roles in cariogenesis. CONCLUSION The results of this study warrant further investigation and may lead to a better understanding of cariogenesis in diverse populations, and help to improve dental caries prediction, prevention, and/or treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N Alotaibi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Brian J Howe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Iowa Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chernus
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nandita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla Sanchez
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fernando A Poletta
- ECLAMC/INAGEMP At Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ieda M Orioli
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ross E Long
- Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Indencleef K, Hoskens H, Lee MK, White JD, Liu C, Eller RJ, Naqvi S, Wehby GL, Moreno Uribe LM, Hecht JT, Long RE, Christensen K, Deleyiannis FW, Walsh S, Shriver MD, Richmond S, Wysocka J, Peeters H, Shaffer JR, Marazita ML, Hens G, Weinberg SM, Claes P. The Intersection of the Genetic Architectures of Orofacial Clefts and Normal Facial Variation. Front Genet 2021; 12:626403. [PMID: 33692830 PMCID: PMC7937973 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.626403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unaffected relatives of individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) show distinctive facial features. The presence of this facial endophenotype is potentially an expression of underlying genetic susceptibility to NSCL/P in the larger unselected population. To explore this hypothesis, we first partitioned the face into 63 partially overlapping regions representing global-to-local facial morphology and then defined endophenotypic traits by contrasting the 3D facial images from 264 unaffected parents of individuals with NSCL/P versus 3,171 controls. We observed distinct facial features between parents and controls across 59 global-to-local facial segments at nominal significance (p ≤ 0.05) and 52 segments at Bonferroni corrected significance (p < 1.2 × 10-3), respectively. Next, we quantified these distinct facial features as univariate traits in another dataset of 8,246 unaffected European individuals and performed a genome-wide association study. We identified 29 independent genetic loci that were associated (p < 5 × 10-8) with at least one of the tested endophenotypic traits, and nine genetic loci also passed the study-wide threshold (p < 8.47 × 10-10). Of the 29 loci, 22 were in proximity of loci previously associated with normal facial variation, 18 were near genes that show strong evidence in orofacial clefting (OFC), and another 10 showed some evidence in OFC. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for NSCL/P showed associations with the endophenotypic traits. This study thus supports the hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture of normal facial development and OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijne Indencleef
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julie D. White
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Chenxing Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan J. Eller
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics & The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School and School of Dentistry, UT Health at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ross E. Long
- Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark D. Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Richmond
- Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Greet Hens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Cox TC, Lidral AC, McCoy JC, Liu H, Cox LL, Zhu Y, Anderson RD, Moreno Uribe LM, Anand D, Deng M, Richter CT, Nidey NL, Standley JM, Blue EE, Chong JX, Smith JD, Kirk EP, Venselaar H, Krahn KN, Bokhoven H, Zhou H, Cornell RA, Glass IA, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Murray JC, Lachke SA, Thompson TB, Buckley MF, Roscioli T. Front Cover, Volume 40, Issue 10. Hum Mutat 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Cox
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative MedicineSeattle Children's Research Institute Seattle Washington
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Science, School of DentistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
| | | | - Jason C. McCoy
- Department of Molecular GeneticsBiochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Liza L. Cox
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative MedicineSeattle Children's Research Institute Seattle Washington
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Science, School of DentistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
- Division of Basic SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington
| | - Ying Zhu
- New South Wales Health PathologyPrince of Wales Hospital Randwick New South Wales Australia
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics Waratah New South Wales Australia
| | - Ryan D. Anderson
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Science, School of DentistryUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas City Kansas City Missouri
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics & the Iowa Institute for Oral Health ResearchUniversity of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Delaware Newark Delaware
| | - Mei Deng
- Birth Defects Research LaboratoryUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Chika T. Richter
- Department of Orthodontics & the Iowa Institute for Oral Health ResearchUniversity of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | | | | | - Elizabeth E. Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Joshua D. Smith
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Edwin P. Kirk
- New South Wales Health PathologyPrince of Wales Hospital Randwick New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Clinical GeneticsSydney Children's Hospital New South Wales Australia
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular InformaticsRadboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Katy N. Krahn
- UVA Center for Advanced Medical Analytics, School of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Hans Bokhoven
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeurosciencesDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Developmental BiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Ian A. Glass
- Birth Defects Research LaboratoryUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | | | | | - Salil A. Lachke
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Delaware Newark Delaware
| | - Thomas B. Thompson
- Department of Molecular GeneticsBiochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Michael F. Buckley
- New South Wales Health PathologyPrince of Wales Hospital Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- New South Wales Health PathologyPrince of Wales Hospital Randwick New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Clinical GeneticsSydney Children's Hospital New South Wales Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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9
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Cox TC, Lidral AC, McCoy JC, Liu H, Cox LL, Zhu Y, Anderson RD, Moreno Uribe LM, Anand D, Deng M, Richter CT, Nidey NL, Standley JM, Blue EE, Chong JX, Smith JD, Kirk EP, Venselaar H, Krahn KN, van Bokhoven H, Zhou H, Cornell RA, Glass IA, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Murray JC, Lachke SA, Thompson TB, Buckley MF, Roscioli T. Mutations in GDF11 and the extracellular antagonist, Follistatin, as a likely cause of Mendelian forms of orofacial clefting in humans. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1813-1825. [PMID: 31215115 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is generally viewed as a complex trait with multiple genetic and environmental contributions. In 70% of cases, CL/P presents as an isolated feature and/or deemed nonsyndromic. In the remaining 30%, CL/P is associated with multisystem phenotypes or clinically recognizable syndromes, many with a monogenic basis. Here we report the identification, via exome sequencing, of likely pathogenic variants in two genes that encode interacting proteins previously only linked to orofacial clefting in mouse models. A variant in GDF11 (encoding growth differentiation factor 11), predicting a p.(Arg298Gln) substitution at the Furin protease cleavage site, was identified in one family that segregated with CL/P and both rib and vertebral hypersegmentation, mirroring that seen in Gdf11 knockout mice. In the second family in which CL/P was the only phenotype, a mutation in FST (encoding the GDF11 antagonist, Follistatin) was identified that is predicted to result in a p.(Cys56Tyr) substitution in the region that binds GDF11. Functional assays demonstrated a significant impact of the specific mutated amino acids on FST and GDF11 function and, together with embryonic expression data, provide strong evidence for the importance of GDF11 and Follistatin in the regulation of human orofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cox
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Oral & Craniofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Jason C McCoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Liza L Cox
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Oral & Craniofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zhu
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan D Anderson
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics & the Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Mei Deng
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chika T Richter
- Department of Orthodontics & the Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nichole L Nidey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katy N Krahn
- UVA Center for Advanced Medical Analytics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ian A Glass
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael F Buckley
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Ali S, Ehrlich DE, Moreno Uribe LM, Amendt BA, Lee MK, Shaffer JR, Marazita ML, Weinberg SM, Miller SF. Linking the Expression of Facial Shape and BMI via the Hippo Signaling Pathway. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.10.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Zhang C, Miller SF, Roosenboom J, Wehby GL, Moreno Uribe LM, Hecht JT, Deleyiannis FWB, Christensen K, Marazita ML, Weinberg SM. Soft tissue nasal asymmetry as an indicator of orofacial cleft predisposition. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1296-1303. [PMID: 29663709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The biological relatives of offspring with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts have been shown to exhibit distinctive facial features, including excess asymmetry, which are hypothesized to indicate the presence of genetic risk factors. The significance of excess soft tissue nasal asymmetry in at-risk relatives is unclear and was examined in the present study. Our sample included 164 unaffected parents from families with a history of orofacial clefting and 243 adult controls. Geometric morphometric methods were used to analyze the coordinates of 15 nasal landmarks collected from three-dimensional facial surface images. Following generalized Procrustes analysis, Procrustes ANOVA and MANOVA tests were applied to determine the type and magnitude of nasal asymmetry present in each group. Group differences in mean nasal asymmetry were also assessed via permutation testing. We found that nasal asymmetry in both parents and controls was directional in nature, although the magnitude of the asymmetry was greater in parents. This was confirmed with permutation testing, where the mean nasal asymmetry was significantly different (p < .0001) between parents and controls. The asymmetry was greatest for midline structures and the nostrils. When subsets of parents were subsequently analyzed and compared (parents with bilateral vs. unilateral offspring; parents with left vs. right unilateral offspring), each group showed a similar pattern of asymmetry and could not be distinguished statistically. Thus, the side of the unilateral cleft (right vs. left) in offspring was not associated with the direction of the nasal asymmetry in parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Zhang
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven F Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Jasmien Roosenboom
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas McGovern Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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12
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Kutbi H, Wehby GL, Moreno Uribe LM, Romitti PA, Carmichael S, Shaw GM, Olshan AF, DeRoo L, Rasmussen SA, Murray JC, Wilcox A, Lie RT, Munger RG. Maternal underweight and obesity and risk of orofacial clefts in a large international consortium of population-based studies. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:190-199. [PMID: 27215617 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence on association of maternal pre-pregnancy weight with risk of orofacial clefts is inconsistent. Methods Six large case-control studies of orofacial clefts from Northern Europe and the USA were included in analyses pooling individual-level data. Cases included 4943 mothers of children with orofacial clefts (cleft lip only: 1135, cleft palate with cleft lip: 2081, cleft palate only: 1727) and controls included 10 592 mothers of unaffected children. Association of orofacial cleft risk with pre-pregnancy maternal weight classified by level of body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) was evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for multiple covariates. Results Cleft palate, both alone and with cleft lip (CP+/-CL), was associated with maternal class II+ pre-pregnancy obesity (≥ 35)compared with normal weight [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16, 1.58]. CP+/-CL was marginally associated with maternal underweight (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.36). Cleft lip alone was not associated with BMI. Conclusions In this largest population-based study to date, we found an increased risk of cleft palate, with or without cleft lip, in class II+ obese mothers compared with normal-weight mothers; underweight mothers may also have an increased risk, but this requires further study. These results also suggest that extremes of weight may have a specific effect on palatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebah Kutbi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Suzan Carmichael
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa DeRoo
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Allen Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ronald G Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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13
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Carlson JC, Standley J, Petrin A, Shaffer JR, Butali A, Buxó CJ, Castilla E, Christensen K, Deleyiannis FWD, Hecht JT, Field LL, Garidkhuu A, Moreno Uribe LM, Nagato N, Orioli IM, Padilla C, Poletta F, Suzuki S, Vieira AR, Wehby GL, Weinberg SM, Beaty TH, Feingold E, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Leslie EJ. Identification of 16q21 as a modifier of nonsyndromic orofacial cleft phenotypes. Genet Epidemiol 2017; 41:887-897. [PMID: 29124805 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common, complex birth defects with extremely heterogeneous phenotypic presentations. Two common subtypes-cleft lip alone (CL) and CL plus cleft palate (CLP)-are typically grouped into a single phenotype for genetic analysis (i.e., CL with or without cleft palate, CL/P). However, mounting evidence suggests there may be unique underlying pathophysiology and/or genetic modifiers influencing expression of these two phenotypes. To this end, we performed a genome-wide scan for genetic modifiers by directly comparing 450 CL cases with 1,692 CLP cases from 18 recruitment sites across 13 countries from North America, Central or South America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. We identified a region on 16q21 that is strongly associated with different cleft type (P = 5.611 × 10-8 ). We also identified significant evidence of gene-gene interactions between this modifier locus and two recognized CL/P risk loci: 8q21 and 9q22 (FOXE1) (P = 0.012 and 0.023, respectively). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the 16q21 modifier locus demonstrated significant association with CL over CLP. The marker alleles on 16q21 that increased risk for CL were found at highest frequencies among individuals with a family history of CL (P = 0.003). Our results demonstrate the existence of modifiers for which type of OFC develops and suggest plausible elements responsible for phenotypic heterogeneity, further elucidating the complex genetic architecture of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Standley
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aline Petrin
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eduardo Castilla
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frederic W-D Deleyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School and School of Dentistry UT Health at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - L Leigh Field
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ariuntuul Garidkhuu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Natsume Nagato
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Ieda M Orioli
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fernando Poletta
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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14
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Hatch CD, Wehby GL, Nidey NL, Moreno Uribe LM. Effects of Objective 3-Dimensional Measures of Facial Shape and Symmetry on Perceptions of Facial Attractiveness. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:1958-1970. [PMID: 28577372 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meeting patient desires for enhanced facial esthetics requires that providers have standardized and objective methods to measure esthetics. The authors evaluated the effects of objective 3-dimensional (3D) facial shape and asymmetry measurements derived from 3D facial images on perceptions of facial attractiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3D facial images of 313 adults in Iowa were digitized with 32 landmarks, and objective 3D facial measurements capturing symmetric and asymmetric components of shape variation, centroid size, and fluctuating asymmetry were obtained from the 3D coordinate data using geo-morphometric analyses. Frontal and profile images of study participants were rated for facial attractiveness by 10 volunteers (5 women and 5 men) on a 5-point Likert scale and a visual analog scale. Multivariate regression was used to identify the effects of the objective 3D facial measurements on attractiveness ratings. RESULTS Several objective 3D facial measurements had marked effects on attractiveness ratings. Shorter facial heights with protrusive chins, midface retrusion, faces with protrusive noses and thin lips, flat mandibular planes with deep labiomental folds, any cants of the lip commissures and floor of the nose, larger faces overall, and increased fluctuating asymmetry were rated as significantly (P < .001) less attractive. CONCLUSION Perceptions of facial attractiveness can be explained by specific 3D measurements of facial shapes and fluctuating asymmetry, which have important implications for clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D Hatch
- Predoctoral Dental Student, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - George L Wehby
- Associate Professor, Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nichole L Nidey
- Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics & the Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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15
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Weaver CA, Miller SF, da Fontoura CSG, Wehby GL, Amendt BA, Holton NE, Allareddy V, Southard TE, Moreno Uribe LM. Candidate gene analyses of 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypes in subjects with malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:539-558. [PMID: 28257739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic studies of malocclusion etiology have identified 4 deleterious mutations in genes DUSP6,ARHGAP21, FGF23, and ADAMTS1 in familial Class III cases. Although these variants may have large impacts on Class III phenotypic expression, their low frequency (<1%) makes them unlikely to explain most malocclusions. Thus, much of the genetic variation underlying the dentofacial phenotypic variation associated with malocclusion remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated associations between common genetic variations in craniofacial candidate genes and 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypes in patients with malocclusion. METHODS Pretreatment dental casts or cone-beam computed tomographic images from 300 healthy subjects were digitized with 48 landmarks. The 3-dimensional coordinate data were submitted to a geometric morphometric approach along with principal component analysis to generate continuous phenotypes including symmetric and asymmetric components of dentoalveolar shape variation, fluctuating asymmetry, and size. The subjects were genotyped for 222 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 82 genes/loci, and phenotpye-genotype associations were tested via multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Principal component analysis of symmetric variation identified 4 components that explained 68% of the total variance and depicted anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse dentoalveolar discrepancies. Suggestive associations (P < 0.05) were identified with PITX2, SNAI3, 11q22.2-q22.3, 4p16.1, ISL1, and FGF8. Principal component analysis for asymmetric variations identified 4 components that explained 51% of the total variations and captured left-to-right discrepancies resulting in midline deviations, unilateral crossbites, and ectopic eruptions. Suggestive associations were found with TBX1AJUBA, SNAI3SATB2, TP63, and 1p22.1. Fluctuating asymmetry was associated with BMP3 and LATS1. Associations for SATB2 and BMP3 with asymmetric variations remained significant after the Bonferroni correction (P <0.00022). Suggestive associations were found for centroid size, a proxy for dentoalveolar size variation with 4p16.1 and SNAI1. CONCLUSIONS Specific genetic pathways associated with 3-dimensional dentoalveolar phenotypic variation in malocclusions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven F Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Ill; Department of Dental Medicine, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Ill
| | - Clarissa S G da Fontoura
- The Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nathan E Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Veeratrishul Allareddy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas E Southard
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- The Iowa Institute for Oral and Craniofacial Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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16
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DeRoo LA, Wilcox AJ, Lie RT, Romitti PA, Pedersen DA, Munger RG, Moreno Uribe LM, Wehby GL. Maternal alcohol binge-drinking in the first trimester and the risk of orofacial clefts in offspring: a large population-based pooling study. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:1021-1034. [PMID: 27350158 PMCID: PMC5065603 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Using individual participant data from six population-based case–control studies, we conducted pooled analyses to examine maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of clefts among >4600 infants with cleft lip only, cleft lip with cleft palate, or cleft palate only and >10,000 unaffected controls. We examined two first-trimester alcohol measures: average number of drinks/sitting and maximum number of drinks/sitting, with five studies contributing to each analysis. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled to generate adjusted summary ORs. Across studies, 0.9–3.2 % of control mothers reported drinking an average of 5+ drinks/sitting, while 1.4–23.5 % reported drinking a maximum of 5+ drinks/sitting. Compared with non-drinkers, mothers who drank an average of 5+ drinks/sitting were more likely to deliver an infant with cleft lip only (pooled OR 1.48; 95 % confidence intervals 1.01, 2.18). The estimate was higher among women who drank at this level 3+ times (pooled OR 1.95; 1.23, 3.11). Ever drinking a maximum of 5+ drinks/sitting and non-binge drinking were not associated with cleft risk. Repeated heavy maternal alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of cleft lip only in offspring. There was little evidence of increased risk for other cleft types or alcohol measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A DeRoo
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Allen J Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dorthe Almind Pedersen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ronald G Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, The University of Iowa, 105 River Street, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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17
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Miller SF, Vela KC, Levy SM, Southard TE, Gratton DG, Moreno Uribe LM. Patterns of morphological integration in the dental arches of individuals with malocclusion. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:879-889. [PMID: 27292446 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In humans, there is a large range of variation in the form of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. This variation can manifest as either prognathism or retrognathism in either or both arches, which can cause malocclusion and lead to abnormal masticatory function. This study aims to identify aspects of variation and morphological integration existing in the dental arches of individuals with different types of malocclusion. METHODS Coordinate landmark data were collected along the gingival margins of 397 scanned dental casts and then analyzed using geometric morphometric techniques to explore arch form variation and patterns of morphological integration within each malocclusion type. RESULTS Significant differences were identified between Class II forms (increased projection of upper arch relative to the lower arch) and Class III forms (lower arch projection beyond the upper arch) in symmetrical shape variation, including anteroposterior arch discrepancies and abnormal anterior arch divergence or convergence. Partial least squares analysis demonstrated that Class III dental arches have higher levels of covariance between upper and lower arches (RV = 0.91) compared to the dental arches of Class II (RV = 0.78) and Class I (RV = 0.73). These high levels of covariance, however, are on the lower end of the overall range of possible masticatory blocks, indicating weaker than expected levels of integration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for patterns of variation in dental arch shape found in individuals with Class II and Class III malocclusions. Moreover, differences in integration found between malocclusion types have ramifications for how such conditions should be studied and treated. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:879-889, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Miller
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Kaci C Vela
- Orthodontics Private Practice, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Thomas E Southard
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - David G Gratton
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
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18
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Nidey N, Moreno Uribe LM, Marazita MM, Wehby GL. Psychosocial well-being of parents of children with oral clefts. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:42-50. [PMID: 26302988 PMCID: PMC4758188 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with oral clefts may be impacted psychosocially in several ways, but empirical evidence remains relatively sparse. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of psychosocial well-being of parents of affected children. METHODS The study included a total sample of 287 parents (171 mothers and 116 fathers) of children with oral clefts. Parents completed validated psychosocial instruments to measure social avoidance and distress, fear of negative evaluation scale, self-esteem and interpersonal support. Regression analysis was used to evaluate how selected child, parent and household characteristics relate to psychosocial outcomes focusing on child's cleft type, sex and age, differences between mothers and fathers, marital status and household income. RESULTS Fathers had higher self-esteem than mothers (P = 0.01) and lower concern of being negatively judged by others (P < 0.0001) but also had lower perception of having someone to talk to about their problems (P = 0.01). High household income was associated with greater self-esteem and perception of social support (<0.05). Parents of male affected children had greater perception of social support than parents of female affected children (P = 0.04). No significant differences in parental psychosocial status measures were found by cleft type. Similarly, there is little evidence of changes with child age, except for an increase in parental distress and decline in self-esteem during mid-adolescence (age 15-17 years). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that mothers and fathers of children with oral clefts may differ in their psychosocial adjustment and that mothers may overall experience more psychosocial problems than fathers. Also, parents from less wealthy households may be at greater risk. Parental psychosocial status should be considered in holistic family-based treatment approaches to reduce burden on affected families and improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Nidey
- Research Specialist, University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics, 500 Newton Road, 2182 ML, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, Phone: 319-353-4365, Fax: 319-335-6848
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- Assistant Professor, Orthodontics-Dows Institute, 401 DSB, University of Iowa, (319) 335-8912
| | - Mary M. Marazita
- Director, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, Professor, Clinical and Translational Science, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 500 Bridgeside Point, 100 Technology Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, ph: 412-648-8380, FAX: 412-648-8779
| | - George L. Wehby
- Corresponding Author: George L. Wehby, MPH, PhD., Phone: 319-384-3814, Fax: 319-384-4371,
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19
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Lidral AC, Liu H, Bullard SA, Bonde G, Machida J, Visel A, Uribe LMM, Li X, Amendt B, Cornell RA. A single nucleotide polymorphism associated with isolated cleft lip and palate, thyroid cancer and hypothyroidism alters the activity of an oral epithelium and thyroid enhancer near FOXE1. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3895-907. [PMID: 25652407 PMCID: PMC4476440 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three common diseases, isolated cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP), hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer all map to the FOXE1 locus, but causative variants have yet to be identified. In patients with CLP, the frequency of coding mutations in FOXE1 fails to account for the risk attributable to this locus, suggesting that the common risk alleles reside in nearby regulatory elements. Using a combination of zebrafish and mouse transgenesis, we screened 15 conserved non-coding sequences for enhancer activity, identifying three that regulate expression in a tissue specific pattern consistent with endogenous foxe1 expression. These three, located -82.4, -67.7 and +22.6 kb from the FOXE1 start codon, are all active in the oral epithelium or branchial arches. The -67.7 and +22.6 kb elements are also active in the developing heart, and the -67.7 kb element uniquely directs expression in the developing thyroid. Within the -67.7 kb element is the SNP rs7850258 that is associated with all three diseases. Quantitative reporter assays in oral epithelial and thyroid cell lines show that the rs7850258 allele (G) associated with CLP and hypothyroidism has significantly greater enhancer activity than the allele associated with thyroid cancer (A). Moreover, consistent with predicted transcription factor binding differences, the -67.7 kb element containing rs7850258 allele G is significantly more responsive to both MYC and ARNT than allele A. By demonstrating that this common non-coding variant alters FOXE1 expression, we have identified at least in part the functional basis for the genetic risk of these seemingly disparate disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huan Liu
- Dows Research Institute, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | | | - Greg Bonde
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Junichiro Machida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Axel Visel
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA and Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiao Li
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brad Amendt
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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20
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Miller SF, Weinberg SM, Nidey NL, Defay DK, Marazita ML, Wehby GL, Moreno Uribe LM. Exploratory genotype-phenotype correlations of facial form and asymmetry in unaffected relatives of children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate. J Anat 2014; 224:688-709. [PMID: 24738728 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Family relatives of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) who presumably carry a genetic risk yet do not manifest overt oral clefts, often present with distinct facial morphology of unknown genetic etiology. This study investigates distinct facial morphology among unaffected relatives and examines whether candidate genes previously associated with overt NSCL/P and left-right body patterning are correlated with such facial morphology. Cases were unaffected relatives of individuals with NSCL/P (n = 188) and controls (n = 194) were individuals without family history of NSCL/P. Cases and controls were genotyped for 20 SNPs across 13 candidate genes for NSCL/P (PAX7, ABCA4-ARHGAP29, IRF6, MSX1, PITX2, 8q24, FOXE1, TGFB3 and MAFB) and left-right body patterning (LEFTY1, LEFTY2, ISL1 and SNAI1). Facial shape and asymmetry phenotypes were obtained via principal component analyses and Procrustes analysis of variance from 32 coordinate landmarks, digitized on 3D facial images. Case-control comparisons of phenotypes obtained were performed via multivariate regression adjusting for age and gender. Phenotypes that differed significantly (P < 0.05) between cases and controls were regressed on the SNPs one at a time. Cases had significantly (P < 0.05) more profile concavity with upper face retrusion, upturned noses with obtuse nasolabial angles, more protrusive chins, increased lower facial heights, thinner and more retrusive lips and more protrusive foreheads. Furthermore, cases showed significantly more directional asymmetry compared to controls. Several of these phenotypes were significantly associated with genetic variants (P < 0.05). Facial height and width were associated with SNAI1. Midface antero-posterior (AP) projection was associated with LEFTY1. The AP position of the chin was related to SNAI1, IRF6, MSX1 and MAFB. The AP position of the forehead and the width of the mouth were associated with ABCA4-ARHGAP29 and MAFB. Lastly, facial asymmetry was related to LEFTY1, LEFTY2 and SNAI1. This study demonstrates that, genes underlying lip and palate formation and left-right patterning also contribute to facial features characteristic of the NSCL/P spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Miller
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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21
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Moreno Uribe LM, Vela KC, Kummet C, Dawson DV, Southard TE. Phenotypic diversity in white adults with moderate to severe Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013; 144:32-42. [PMID: 23810043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Class III malocclusion is characterized by a composite of dentoskeletal patterns that lead to the forward positioning of the mandibular teeth in relation to the maxillary teeth and a concave profile. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with this condition, which affects 1% of the population in the United States and imposes significant esthetic and functional burdens on affected persons. The purpose of this study was to capture the phenotypic variation in a large sample of white adults with Class III malocclusion using multivariate reduction methods. METHODS Sixty-three lateral cephalometric variables were measured from the pretreatment records of 292 white subjects with Class II malocclusion (126 male, 166 female; ages, 16-57 years). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to capture the phenotypic variation and identify the most homogeneous groups of subjects to reduce genetic heterogeneity. RESULTS Principal component analysis resulted in 6 principal components that accounted for 81.2% of the variation. The first 3 components represented variation in mandibular horizontal and vertical positions, maxillary horizontal position, and mandibular incisor angulation. The cluster model identified 5 distinct subphenotypes of Class III malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS A spectrum of phenotypic definitions was obtained replicating results of previous studies and supporting the validity of these phenotypic measures in future research of the genetic and environmental etiologies of Class III malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, Dows Institute for Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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