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Campbell MJ, Mukhtar R, Obi-Okoye E, Han B, Tandon V, Zheng S, Zhu Z, Endicott M, Wicha M, Lindstrom L, Au A, Baehner F, Gray J, Esserman L. Abstract PD1-5: Characterizing the Tumor Immune MicroEnvironment (TIME) in high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-pd1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a premalignant condition. Although DCIS is treated as an obligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma, the rate and latency of progression from DCIS to invasive breast cancer (IBC) in the absence of treatment are unknown. DCIS is not one condition, but rather a spectrum of disease and although DCIS itself is not a lethal condition, women with DCIS are at higher risk of developing subsequent IBC over a time period of 1-20 years depending on DCIS subtype. Features of DCIS that are associated with high risk of recurrence include large size (> 5cm), high grade, comedo necrosis, palpable mass, hormone receptor (HR) negativity, and HER2 positivity. The objective of this study was to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of these high-risk DCIS lesions.
Methods: Forty-eight cases of high grade DCIS, enriched for large, confluent lesions and history of recurrence were age matched with 64 cases of non-high grade DCIS. IHC analyses were performed as single or two-color stains for the following antigens: CD68, CD8, CD4, CD20, HLA-DR, CD115, FoxP3, PCNA, Mac387, MRC1, ALDH, CD24, CD44, Ki-67, and HER2. HR status was determined from ER and PR staining results in pathology reports. A Nuance multispectral imaging system was used to image and spectrally unmix each stain. Protocols for automated image analysis were developed using CellProfiler software. Associations between immune cell populations and clinical parameters (tumor palpability, recurrence, HR status, HER2 status, and Van Nuys score [12-point scale: margins, age, size, grade]) were identified with non-parametric Spearman correlation tests.
Results: We found a high macrophage infiltrate associated with a high Van Nuys score, palpability, and high Ki-67. High CD115 (CSF-1 receptor) was associated with HER2+, high Ki-67, and recurrence. Mac387+ cells and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) were associated with high Van Nuys score, comedo necrosis, high Ki-67, HR- and HER2+. Interestingly, both Mac387 and CD115 were expressed on tumor cells as well as macrophages and high CD115 staining on tumor cells was associated with recurrence. The presence of CD8+HLA-DR-negative T cells throughout a section was associated with high Van Nuys score, HR-, HER2+, and recurrence. In contrast, CD8+ T cells within the nests of tumor cells were negatively associated with Van Nuys score, palpability, and comedo necrosis. A tumor immune microenvironment score (TIME score) was developed based on the proportions of various immune cell populations. A high TIME score was significantly associated with high Van Nuys scores as well as with recurrence.
Summary: These results demonstrate that high risk DCIS features (palpability, high Van Nuys score, high proliferation, HR-, HER2+, and increased recurrence) are associated with a suppressed tumor immune micro-environment (high FoxP3+ cells, CD68+Mac387+ cells, CD8+HLA-DR-neg T cells, and upregulated CD115). These high risk lesions truly represent an opportunity to prevent cancer. Identifying these high risk lesions with the help of tumor immune microenvironment markers and manipulating the DCIS TIME via local or systemic immunotherapeutic strategies may represent an ideal preventative intervention.
Citation Format: Michael J Campbell, Rita Mukhtar, Ekene Obi-Okoye, Booyeon Han, Vickram Tandon, Sarah Zheng, Zelos Zhu, Max Endicott, Max Wicha, Linda Lindstrom, Alfred Au, Frederick Baehner, Joe Gray, Laura Esserman. Characterizing the Tumor Immune MicroEnvironment (TIME) in high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PD1-5.
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Affiliation(s)
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- 3Oregon Health & Science University
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Andrade A, Riera N, Lindstrom L, Alemano S, Alvarez D, Abdala G, Vigliocco A. Pericarp anatomy and hormone profiles of cypselas in dormant and non-dormant inbred sunflower lines. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:351-360. [PMID: 25272333 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pericarp anatomy and the effects of storage after harvest, storage temperature and early cypsela imbibition on phytohormone profiles were studied in inbred sunflower lines B123 and B91. On day 0, germination of B123 cypselas was near 0%, indicating dormancy, whereas that of B91 cypselas was near 100%, indicating non-dormancy. The germination of B123 and B91 on day 33 at room temperature (25 °C) storage was similar. Cell wall thickness and sclerification of the pericarp were higher in B123 than B91, suggesting that structural characteristics may contribute to physical dormancy in B123. Jasmonates (JAs), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in dry and imbibed pericarps. SA content of dry pericarp was higher on day 33 than day 0. SA content during imbibition on day 33 was similar for room and low (-20 °C) storage temperatures. ABA content after 12 h imbibition was similar on days 0 and 33 at low temperature, but it increased on day 33 at room temperature for B123. 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) was maximal on day 0 for B123, but peaked at day 33 at low temperature for B91. JA was higher on days 0 and 33 at room temperature as compared with low temperature. Our findings indicate that pericarp hormone profiles are affected in the two lines with different dormancy degree depending on storage conditions and imbibition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andrade
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Campbell MJ, Mukhtar R, Obi-Okoye E, Han B, Tandon V, Zheng S, Zhu Z, Endicott M, Wicha M, Lindstrom L, Au A, Baehner F, Gray J, Esserman L. Abstract 165: Suppressed immunity and macrophages characterize high risk high grade DCIS. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: High grade in situ (DCIS) features associated with high recurrence include large size (>5cm), comedo necrosis, palpable mass, hormone receptor (HR) negativity, and HER2 positivity. Given that high grade, HR-neg invasive breast cancers have an inflammatory component (significant macrophage infiltration) we sought to characterize the immune microenvironment of DCIS to assess patterns of immune cell infiltrates associated with high risk lesions.
Methods: 48 cases of high grade DCIS were age matched with 64 cases of non-high grade DCIS. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed as single color stains for the following antigens: CD115, FoxP3, ALDH, Ki-67, HER2. Two color IHC was performed for the following antigen pairs: CD68/PCNA; CD68/Mac 387; CD8/HLA-DR; CD68/MRC1, and CD24/CD44. HR status was determined from ER and PR staining results in pathology reports. For each case, 3 hot spots were identified and marked on 10 consecutive sections. Nuance multispectral imaging software was used to image each hot spot. Protocols for automated image analysis were developed using CellProfiler software. Clinical parameters of interest included tumor palpability, recurrence, and Van Nuys score, (12 point scale-margins, age, size, grade). Associations were identified with non-parametric Spearman correlation test.
Results: High numbers of macrophages were associated with high Van Nuys score, palpability, and high Ki-67. High CD115 (CSF-1 receptor/c-fms) was associated with HER2+, high Ki-67, and recurrence. Mac387+ cells and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) were significantly associated with high Van Nuys score, comedo necrosis, high Ki-67, HR- and HER2+. Interestingly, both Mac387 and CD115 were expressed on tumor cells as well as macrophages and high CD115 staining on tumor cells was associated with recurrence. The presence of CD8+HLA-DR negative T cells throughout a section was associated with high Van Nuys score, HR-, HER2+, and recurrence. In contrast, CD8+ T cells within the nests of tumor cells were negatively associated with Van Nuys score, palpability, and comedo necrosis.
Conclusions: Suppressed immunity (high Treg and CD8+HLA-DR neg T cells) and upregulated CD115 and Mac387 expression on both tumor cells and macrophages were strongly correlated with high risk DCIS features (increased recurrence, palpability, high Van Nuys scores, high proliferation, HR- and HER2+). These results suggest that manipulation of the immune microenvironment in DCIS, via local stimulation of the immune system, depletion of Treg, and/or manipulation of macrophages could potentially alter disease progression. Targeted agents are in trials and could be tested in preoperative window trials using these biomarkers to monitor the impact of presurgical immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Michael J. Campbell, Rita Mukhtar, Ekene Obi-Okoye, Booyeon Han, Vick Tandon, Sarah Zheng, Zelos Zhu, Max Endicott, Max Wicha, Linda Lindstrom, Alfred Au, Frederick Baehner, Joe Gray, Laura Esserman. Suppressed immunity and macrophages characterize high risk high grade DCIS. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 165. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-165
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Booyeon Han
- 1University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vick Tandon
- 1University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah Zheng
- 1University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zelos Zhu
- 1University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Max Wicha
- 2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Alfred Au
- 1University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Joe Gray
- 3Oregeon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Hartman M, Hall P, Edgren G, Reilly M, Lindstrom L, Lichtenstein P, Kaprio J, Skytthe A, Peto J, Czene K. Breast cancer onset in twins and women with bilateral disease. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4086-91. [PMID: 18591548 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.14.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known of the onset of breast cancer in high-risk populations. We investigated the risk of breast cancer in twin sisters and in the contralateral breast taking family history into consideration. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed a Scandinavian population-based cohort of 2,499 female twin pairs, in which at least one had a diagnosis of breast cancer and estimated the risk of breast cancer in the sister. Using a total of 11 million individuals in Sweden with complete family links, we identified 93,448 women with breast cancer and estimated the risk of a bilateral breast cancer. RESULTS The incidence of breast cancer in twin sisters of breast cancer patients was 0.64% per year and 0.42% per year in mono- and dizygotic twin sisters, respectively. In comparison, the risk of familial (affected first-degree relative) and nonfamilial bilateral breast cancer was 1.03% per year and 0.68% per year, respectively. Contrary to the risk of unilateral disease, the risk of cancer in the nonaffected twin and the opposite breast was not affected by age or time since first event. The relative risk of familial bilateral cancer was 52% higher (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.42 to 1.64) and the relative risk in the dizygotic twin sister was 25% lower (IRR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91) compared with the risk of nonfamilial bilateral cancer. CONCLUSION The elevated risk of breast cancer in high-risk groups is little affected by age and time since diagnosis. Our findings suggest that susceptible groups of women might have already aggregated genetic prerequisites for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Hartman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Malmstrom J, Lindstrom L. FC7.1 Influence of observation distance and motor unit size on the surface EMG. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nemeroff CB, Bissette G, Widerlov E, Beckmann H, Gerner R, Manberg PJ, Lindstrom L, Prange AJ, Gattaz WF. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia, depression, anorexia nervosa-bulimia, and premenstrual syndrome. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001; 1:16-20. [PMID: 2577718 DOI: 10.1176/jnp.1.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay in psychiatric patients and age- and sex-matched normal controls. No increase in CSF NT concentrations was observed after antipsychotic drug treatment. CSF NT concentrations were significantly lower in one group of schizophrenic subjects. NT concentrations were unaltered in patients with depression, anorexia/bulimia, or premenstrual syndrome, and no rostral-caudal gradient for NT in CSF was evident. NT concentrations were not related to age or sex, and probenecid treatment did not alter CSF NT concentrations. Finally CSF NT concentrations were unaltered in paranoid schizophrenic subjects. These findings confirm and extend previous studies of CSF NT that showed certain patients with schizophrenia, nonparanoid type, have reduced CSF concentrations of this tridecapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Lindstrom L, Otto T, Thomas N. Narratives of Nation in the South Pacific. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/3034211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kurth J, Buzy JM, Lindstrom L, Clements JE. In vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus in the central nervous system in transgenic mice. J Virol 1996; 70:7686-94. [PMID: 8892889 PMCID: PMC190838 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.11.7686-7694.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and has been implicated as the causative agent of AIDS-associated encephalopathy and the AIDS dementia complex. The development of in vivo models of HIV-1-mediated gene expression has shown that the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) from the viral isolate HIV(JR-CSF) specifically supports gene expression in adult and developing CNS. To determine the molecular basis for HIV-1 developmental CNS gene expression, in vivo footprinting analysis by the ligation-mediated PCR technique was performed on CNS tissue from the brain stem of a transgenic mouse. The association of cellular proteins in the CNS with sequences in the LTR was found over sequences that defined the TATA region, the Sp-1 and NF-kappaB sites, and two upstream regions (-111 to -150 and -260 to -300). A purine-rich sequence at positions -256 to -296 of the HIV(JR-CSF) LTR but not of the HIV(IIIB) LTR specifically bound protein in nuclear extracts of newborn brain tested in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. No specific protein binding was observed to this region in liver or HeLa cell nuclear extracts. This suggests the presence of a newly identified transcription factor involved in regulation of HIV-1 gene expression in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kurth
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Clements JE, Hu L, Lindstrom L, Powell A, Rexroad C, Zink MC. Molecular studies of visna virus gene expression: analysis of envelope gene expression in transgenic sheep. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996; 12:421-3. [PMID: 8882324 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1996.12.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J E Clements
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Page KC, Mason PB, Lindstrom L, Swan JS, Nyquist SE. Dolichol and N-linked oligosaccharide synthesis in the rat testis: interaction between Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, evidence for paracrine effects. Biochem Cell Biol 1992; 70:496-503. [PMID: 1333233 DOI: 10.1139/o92-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contribution of the Sertoli cell and the pachytene spermatocyte to dolichol and N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis within the seminiferous tubule was investigated. Evidence is presented to show that the interaction between these two cell types affects dolichol and N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Analysis of the dolichol content of Sertoli cultures confirms earlier data suggesting that the Sertoli cell constitutes the major pool of dolichols within the seminiferous tubule. [14C]Acetate incorporation studies suggest that the Sertoli cell in culture synthesizes dolichol much more rapidly than does the isolated pachytene spermatocyte. This information, in addition to previous data in the literature, infers an interactive effect whereby the presence of the spermatogenic cell in the tubule stimulates dolichol synthesis in the Sertoli cell. The absence of normal Sertoli-spermatocyte interactions in in vitro incubations may also limit dolichol synthesis in the pachytene spermatocyte. The distribution of dolichol kinase between the Sertoli and the pachytene spermatocyte was also examined. The concentration of this enzyme in the Sertoli cell suggests the presence of an active salvage pathway within that cell. The correlation between the appearance of the pachytene spermatocyte and the previously described peak of dolichol kinase activity in the seminiferous tubules of the prepubertal animal implies cell-cell interactions. Radiolabelling studies of N-linked oligosaccharides were conducted using [3H]mannose and concanavalin A affinity chromatography to identify multiantennary, biantennary, and high-mannose oligosaccharide pools. An in vitro bicameral coculture system was used to demonstrate that pachytene spermatocytes stimulate incorporation of [3H]mannose into Sertoli cell oligosaccharides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Page
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837
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Abstract
Abnormal auditory brain-stem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 10 out of 20 schizophrenic in-patients. The response abnormalities did not show any correlation to the degree of psychopathology, sub-group of schizophrenia, age, sex, or cerebral ventricular enlargement. Nor was there any correlation to previous neuroleptic treatment: a pathological ABR was recorded in 5 of the 8 patients who had never received such medication. A statistically significant relationship was found between ABR pathology and auditory hallucinations: 9 of the 11 patients who admitted having hallucinations exhibited brain-stem response abnormality, whereas ABR abnormality was recorded in only 1 of the 9 patients who denied having hallucinations. The data imply that brain-stem dysfunction is involved in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, and that interference with the auditory pathways in the brain-stem may induce auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lindstrom
- Psychiatric Research Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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Lindstrom L, Kahn MW. Discriminative effectiveness of two psychiatric screening instruments for a gerontological population. J Consult Clin Psychol 1976. [PMID: 1245624 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.44.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lindstrom L, Kahn MW. Discriminative effectiveness for two psychiatric screening instruments for a gerontological population. J Consult Clin Psychol 1976; 44:151-2. [PMID: 1245624 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.44.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lindstrom L, Magnusson R, Petersén I. Muscular fatigue and action potential conduction velocity changes studied with frequency analysis of EMG signals. Electromyography 1970; 10:341-56. [PMID: 5521836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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