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Moon AM, Swier RM, Lane LM, Barritt AS, Sanoff HK, Olshan AF, Wheeler SB, Ioannou GN, Kim NJ, Hagan S, Vutien P, Benefield T, Henderson LM. Statewide Survey of Primary Care and Subspecialty Providers on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk-Stratification and Surveillance Practices. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08442-5. [PMID: 38652392 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in patients with cirrhosis is associated with improved survival. Provision of HCC surveillance is low in the US, particularly in primary care settings. AIMS To evaluate current hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCC surveillance practices and physician attitudes regarding HCC risk-stratification among primary care and subspecialty providers. METHODS Using the Tailored Design Method, we delivered a 34-item online survey to 7654 North Carolina-licensed internal/family medicine or gastroenterology/hepatology physicians and advanced practice providers in 2022. We included the domains of HCV treatment, cirrhosis diagnosis, HCC surveillance practices, barriers to surveillance, and interest in risk-stratification tools. We performed descriptive analyses to summarize responses. Tabulations were weighted based on sampling weights accounting for non-response and inter-specialty comparisons were made using chi-squared or t test statistics. RESULTS After exclusions, 266 responses were included in the final sample (response rate 3.8%). Most respondents (78%) diagnosed cirrhosis using imaging and a minority used non-invasive tests that were blood-based (~ 15%) or transient elastography (31%). Compared to primary care providers, subspecialists were more likely to perform HCC surveillance every 6-months (vs annual) (98% vs 35%, p < 0.0001). Most respondents (80%) believed there were strong data to support HCC surveillance, but primary care providers did not know which liver disease patients needed surveillance. Most providers (> 70%) expressed interest in potential solutions to improve HCC risk-stratification. CONCLUSIONS In this statewide survey, there were great knowledge gaps in HCC surveillance among PCPs and most respondents expressed interest in strategies to increase appropriate HCC surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Moon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC Liver Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 8009 Burnett Womack Bldg, CB#7584, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7584, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Rachel M Swier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Lane
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Sidney Barritt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Liver Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 8009 Burnett Womack Bldg, CB#7584, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7584, USA
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie B Wheeler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George N Ioannou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott Hagan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, USA
| | - Philip Vutien
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thad Benefield
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Louise M Henderson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Henderson LM, Durham DD, Long J, Lamb D, Lane LM, Rivera MP. Communication of Positive Lung Cancer Screening Findings and Receipt of Recommended Follow-up Care. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2320409. [PMID: 37347487 PMCID: PMC10288328 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This cohort study evaluates associations of communication methods and content of positive lung cancer screening findings with receipt of recommended follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Henderson
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Jason Long
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Derek Lamb
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Lindsay M. Lane
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - M. Patricia Rivera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Henderson LM, Chiles C, Perera P, Durham DD, Lamb D, Lane LM, Rivera MP. Variability in Reporting of Incidental Findings Detected on Lung Cancer Screening. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:617-620. [PMID: 36538683 PMCID: PMC10112412 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202206-486rl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Derek Lamb
- University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, North Carolina
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Rivera MP, Charlot M, Durham DD, Throneburg A, Lane LM, Perera P, Samulski TD, Henderson LM. Molecular Biomarker and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression Testing in Patients With Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Across North Carolina Community Hospitals. Chest 2021; 160:1121-1130. [PMID: 33887243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision medicine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires molecular biomarker testing in patients with nonsquamous and select patients with squamous histologies, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing in both. RESEARCH QUESTION What are rates of molecular and PD-L1 biomarker testing in patients with advanced NSCLC in community practices, and do rates vary by sociodemographic factors? What is the prevalence of molecular biomarker mutations and PD-L1 expression levels? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS From 389 stage IV NSCLC pathology reports obtained through the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center's Rapid Case Ascertainment Program from 38 community hospitals across North Carolina, we abstracted demographics, histology, molecular biomarker testing and results, and PD-L1 testing and expression. We geocoded patient and hospital addresses to determine travel time, distance to care, and census block level contextual variables. We compared molecular biomarker and PD-L1 testing rates, the prevalence of molecular biomarkers, and PD-L1 expression levels by race and sex, using χ2 tests. We determined predictors of testing, using multivariable logistic regression and report adjusted ORs and 95%CI. RESULTS Among patients with nonsquamous NSCLC, 64.4% were tested for molecular biomarkers, and among all NSCLC patients 53.2% were tested for PD-L1 expression. Differences in biomarker testing rates by sociodemographic factors were not statistically significant in univariate or adjusted analyses. Adjusted analyses showed that patients living in areas with higher household internet access were more likely to undergo PD-L1 testing (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.02-2.71). Sociodemographic differences in molecular biomarker prevalence and PD-L1 expression levels were not statistically significant, except for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations, which occurred in 16.7% of males vs 0% in females, P = .05. INTERPRETATION Biomarker testing remains underused in NSCLC. Future work should include larger populations and evaluate hospital-specific testing protocols to identify and address barriers to guideline-recommended testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patricia Rivera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Marjory Charlot
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Danielle D Durham
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison Throneburg
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lindsay M Lane
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Pasangi Perera
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Teresa D Samulski
- Department of Pathology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Louise M Henderson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Tailor TD, Chiles C, Yeboah J, Rivera MP, Tong BC, Schwartz FR, Benefield T, Lane LM, Stashko I, Thomas SM, Henderson LM. Cardiovascular Risk in the Lung Cancer Screening Population: A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Association Between Coronary Artery Calcification and Preventive Statin Prescription. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:1258-1266. [PMID: 33640340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the leading cause of death in individuals receiving lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT. Our purpose was to determine the proportion of the LCS population eligible for primary ASCVD preventive statin therapy by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, assess statin prescription rates among statin-eligible individuals, and determine associations of CAC on downstream statin prescribing within 90 days of LCS. METHODS Individuals receiving LCS between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, across three centers were retrospectively enrolled. Statin eligibility in individuals without pre-existing ASCVD was determined by 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines: (1) low-density lipoprotein ≥190 mg/dL, (2) diabetes, or (3) ASCVD risk score ≥7.5%. CAC presence and severity (mild, moderate, heavy) were extracted from LCS reports. Variation in statin prescription rates and associations between CAC and statin prescription were determined using mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS Of 5,495 individuals receiving LCS, 31.4% (1,724 of 5,495) had pre-existing ASCVD. Of the remaining 3,771 individuals, 73.6% were statin eligible (2,777 of 3,771). However, most lacked statin prescription (60.5%, 1,681 of 2,777). CAC was associated with downstream statin prescribing (adjusted odds ratio = 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-6.02), with a higher likelihood of statin prescribing with increasing CAC severity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.60). CONCLUSION Although most of the LCS population is eligible for guideline-directed statin therapy, statins are underprescribed in this group. Radiologist reporting of CAC at LCS reflects a potential opportunity to raise awareness of ASCVD risk and improve preventive statin prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina D Tailor
- Fellowship Director of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Research Director, Duke Lung Cancer Screening Program, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Caroline Chiles
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Yeboah
- Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest, North Carolina
| | - M Patricia Rivera
- Medical Director, Pulmonary Function Test and Bronchoscopy Services; Service Chief, Pulmonary Inpatient Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine; Director, Lung Cancer Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Betty C Tong
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Clinical Director, Lung Cancer Screening Program, Duke University Health System, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Fides R Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thad Benefield
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lindsay M Lane
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ilona Stashko
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Manager, Duke Cancer Institute (DCI) Biostatistics Shared Resource and Internship Director, Biostatistics Core Training and Internship Program, Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Louise M Henderson
- Director Epidemiology Research Team, Director Carolina Mammography Registry; Co-Lead, Cancer Epidemiology Program at Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Evans BR, Lane LM, Margalit R, Hathaway GM, Ragauskas A, Woodward J. Comparison of the properties of native and pentaammineruthenium(III)-modified xylanase. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996; 19:367-73. [PMID: 8987538 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Two xylanases, xynA of Bacillus pumilus and xyn II of Trichoderma reesei, were purified and then modified by the attachment of pentaammineruthenium, thereby resulting in the generation of a xylanase with veratryl alcohol oxidase activity. Hydrolytic activity of T. reesei xyn II on soluble xylans was unchanged by modification with pentaammineruthenium; however, modification of B. pumilus xynA greatly reduced xylan hydrolysis unless the active site of the xylanase was protected with xylose during the modification. The presence of histidine, cysteine, or reduced glutathione during xylan hydrolysis greatly increased the xylanase activity of the pentaammineruthenium-modified B. pumilus xylanase. Glycine, glutamic acid, methionine, or oxidized glutathione had no effect on xylanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Evans
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831, USA
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