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Kutsche LK, Gysi DM, Fallmann J, Lenk K, Petri R, Swiersy A, Klapper SD, Pircs K, Khattak S, Stadler PF, Jakobsson J, Nowick K, Busskamp V. Combined Experimental and System-Level Analyses Reveal the Complex Regulatory Network of miR-124 during Human Neurogenesis. Cell Syst 2018; 7:438-452.e8. [PMID: 30292704 PMCID: PMC6205824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs regulate many biological processes including neurogenesis. The brain-enriched miR-124 has been assigned as a key player of neuronal differentiation via its complex but little understood regulation of thousands of annotated targets. To systematically chart its regulatory functions, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to disrupt all six miR-124 alleles in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Upon neuronal induction, miR-124-deleted cells underwent neurogenesis and became functional neurons, albeit with altered morphology and neurotransmitter specification. Using RNA-induced-silencing-complex precipitation, we identified 98 high-confidence miR-124 targets, of which some directly led to decreased viability. By performing advanced transcription-factor-network analysis, we identified indirect miR-124 effects on apoptosis, neuronal subtype differentiation, and the regulation of previously uncharacterized zinc finger transcription factors. Our data emphasize the need for combined experimental- and system-level analyses to comprehensively disentangle and reveal miRNA functions, including their involvement in the neurogenesis of diverse neuronal cell types found in the human brain. miR-124 is not essential for neurogenesis from human iPSCs miR-124 regulation mediates neuroprotection and refines neuronal cell fates miRNA knockout characterization by experimental and advanced computational analyses Identification of 98 targets including the neuronal feature repressor ZNF787
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Kutsche
- Technische Universität Dresden, DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Deisy M Gysi
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Swarm Intelligence and Complex Systems Group, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany; Faculty for Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Joerg Fallmann
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lenk
- Technische Universität Dresden, DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Rebecca Petri
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lunds Universitet, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Anka Swiersy
- Technische Universität Dresden, DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Simon D Klapper
- Technische Universität Dresden, DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lunds Universitet, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- Technische Universität Dresden, DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lunds Universitet, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Katja Nowick
- Faculty for Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Technische Universität Dresden, DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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Klinger AB, Eberhardt M, Link AS, Namer B, Kutsche LK, Schuy ET, Sittl R, Hoffmann T, Alzheimer C, Huth T, Carr RW, Lampert A. Sea-anemone toxin ATX-II elicits A-fiber-dependent pain and enhances resurgent and persistent sodium currents in large sensory neurons. Mol Pain 2012; 8:69. [PMID: 22978421 PMCID: PMC3495684 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gain-of-function mutations of the nociceptive voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 lead to inherited pain syndromes, such as paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). One characteristic of these mutations is slowed fast-inactivation kinetics, which may give rise to resurgent sodium currents. It is long known that toxins from Anemonia sulcata, such as ATX-II, slow fast inactivation and skin contact for example during diving leads to various symptoms such as pain and itch. Here, we investigated if ATX-II induces resurgent currents in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) and how this may translate into human sensations. RESULTS In large A-fiber related DRGs ATX-II (5 nM) enhances persistent and resurgent sodium currents, but failed to do so in small C-fiber linked DRGs when investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Resurgent currents are thought to depend on the presence of the sodium channel β4-subunit. Using RT-qPCR experiments, we show that small DRGs express significantly less β4 mRNA than large sensory neurons. With the β4-C-terminus peptide in the pipette solution, it was possible to evoke resurgent currents in small DRGs and in Nav1.7 or Nav1.6 expressing HEK293/N1E115 cells, which were enhanced by the presence of extracellular ATX-II. When injected into the skin of healthy volunteers, ATX-II induces painful and itch-like sensations which were abolished by mechanical nerve block. Increase in superficial blood flow of the skin, measured by Laser doppler imaging is limited to the injection site, so no axon reflex erythema as a correlate for C-fiber activation was detected. CONCLUSION ATX-II enhances persistent and resurgent sodium currents in large diameter DRGs, whereas small DRGs depend on the addition of β4-peptide to the pipette recording solution for ATX-II to affect resurgent currents. Mechanical A-fiber blockade abolishes all ATX-II effects in human skin (e.g. painful and itch-like paraesthesias), suggesting that it mediates its effects mainly via activation of A-fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Klinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Eberhardt
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea S Link
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Namer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa K Kutsche
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Theresa Schuy
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Sittl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tali Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Huth
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard W Carr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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