1
|
Harris GE, Watson JR, Li ATW, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, Muchenje M, Demetrakopoulos AS, McGee A, Chambers L, Ceranto A, Cumby C, Liddell M. Meaningful inclusion of people living with HIV as a model for workplace policies: Key findings from the project PEER study. Work 2024:WOR230289. [PMID: 38427522 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a large number of people live with HIV, it is worthwhile to examine the integration of this group in the workplace. OBJECTIVE To investigate how the operationalization of GIPA/MEPA supports workplace policies and practices for PLHIV. The study aims to explore what is being offered to support PLHIV in community-based agencies and what can be done to enhance the offerings. METHODS For this community-based research, 2 bilingual online surveys were sent to 150 Canadian organizations that work closely with PLHIV or offer support to them. One of the surveys was for Executive Directors of these organizations while the other was sent to peers; i.e. PLHIV whose job is to offer services to PLHIV. Questions in the surveys varied between open-ended, binary, and Likert. RESULTS GIPA/MEPA are implemented in most organizations and Executive Directors affirmed that PLHIV and their impacts on the workplace are valued. There is a consensus among Executive Directors that formal support is provided but most respondents argued that this support is not specific for PLHIV. More than half of respondents were either unaware or uncertain about the existence of informal support. Peer-employees claimed that one of the challenges of disclosing HIV to receive peer support is that they may face stigma. CONCLUSION The application of GIPA/MEPA results in positive outcomes in the workplace. The study emphasizes the need to facilitate access to informal support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Watson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alan Tai-Wai Li
- CAAT-Community Alliance for Accessible Treatment, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Marvelous Muchenje
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - A McGee
- Jacqueline Gahagan, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Jacqueline Gahagan, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hovey A, Rye BJ, George E, Scott S, Chambers L. Impact of Children's Presence on Police Responses to Domestic Violence Call Situations. Child Maltreat 2023; 28:476-487. [PMID: 36541913 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221147315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The link between children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment is well established; however, less is known about the impact children's presence may have on domestic violence disputes. This study investigated the role of children's presence in IPV police calls using data (N = 2709) from supplementary reports provided by an Ontario, Canada police force, one-third of which led to criminal charges (n = 909). When children were present: charges were less likely to be laid; the accused's emotional state was more likely to be rated by police as calm and the accused was less likely to be identified as using alcohol and/or drugs at the time of the call; and victim support interventions were more likely to be offered and accepted. Findings were considered in the context of when charges were laid versus not laid. Implications for police and support service interventions were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hovey
- School of Social Work, Lakehead University, Orillia, ON, Canada
| | - B J Rye
- Psychology, St. Jerome's University, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Evan George
- School of Social Work, Lakehead University, Orillia, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Scott
- School of Social Work, Lakehead University, Orillia, ON, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Gender and Women's Studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quick A, Diaz Pardo D, Miller E, Arnett A, Pitter K, Kim J, Flora L, Williams N, Hoyd R, Wheeler C, Mo X, Chambers L, Spakowicz D, Arthur E. Vaginal Microbiome as a Biomarker of Vaginal Health and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Women Receiving Pelvic Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
4
|
Murphy-Oikonen J, McQueen K, Miller A, Chambers L, Hiebert A. Unfounded Sexual Assault: Women's Experiences of Not Being Believed by the Police. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP8916-NP8940. [PMID: 33305675 PMCID: PMC9136376 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520978190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One in four women will experience sexual assault in their lifetime. Although less than 5% of sexual assaults are reported to law enforcement, one in five cases reported to police are deemed baseless (by police) and therefore coded as "unfounded." Police officers are in a unique position to act as gatekeepers for justice in sexual assault cases, given their responsibility to investigate sexual assault reports. However, high rates of unfounded sexual assaults reveal that dismissing sexual violence has become common practice amongst the police. Much of the research on unfounded sexual assault is based on police perceptions of the sexual assault, as indicated in police reports. Women's perspectives about their experiences with police are not represented in research. This qualitative study explored women's experiences when their sexual assault report was disbelieved by the police. Data collection included open-ended and semi-structured interviews with 23 sexual assault survivors. Interviews covered four areas including the sexual assault, the experience with the police, the experience of not being believed, and the impact on their health and well-being. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and entered into NVIVO for analysis. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's analytic method, resulting in the identification of four themes, including, (a) vulnerability, (b) drug and alcohol use during the assault, (c) police insensitivity, and (d) police process. The women in this study who experienced a sexual assault and reported the assault to police were hopeful that police would help them and justice would be served. Instead, these women were faced with insensitivity, blaming questions, lack of investigation, and lack of follow-up from the police, all of which contributed to not being believed by the institutions designed to protect them. The findings from this research demonstrate that police officers must gain a deeper understanding of trauma and sensitive communication with survivors of sexual assault.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen McQueen
- Lakehead University School of Social Work,
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ainsley Miller
- Lakehead University School of Social Work,
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Lakehead University School of Social Work,
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Hiebert
- Lakehead University School of Social Work,
Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Douleh DG, Chambers L, Parry JA. The effect of regional anesthesia blocks on post-operative pain after ambulatory orthopedic trauma surgery. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2021; 32:1201-1206. [PMID: 34417895 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if regional anesthesia had added benefit to general anesthesia, with or without local anesthesia, in controlling post-operative pain in outpatient orthopedic trauma surgery. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of prospectively gathered data on 71 patients undergoing outpatient orthopedic trauma surgery. All patients received general anesthesia and an addition 52 patients received additional regional anesthesia. Regional vs. no regional anesthesia groups were compared in terms of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) pain visual analog scores (VAS), PACU length of stay (LOS), opioid use, and pain control at two weeks. RESULTS The regional anesthesia group not differ in demographics or proportion of patients receiving local anesthesia, but was less likely to be undergoing major procedures (13% vs. 37%, proportional difference (PD) - 23%; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 46% to - 0.4%). There were no detectable differences in PACU opioid requirements (median difference (MD) - 7.5 mg, CI - 8 to 0), PACU LOS (MD - 13 min, CI - 63 to 24), discharge pain VAS (MD 0, CI - 1 to 1), post-discharge pain VAS (MD 0, CI - 1 to 1), opioid refills (PD - 6%, CI - 31% to 18%), or patient-perceived pain control (PD - 24%, CI - 41% to 0%). On multivariate analysis, regional anesthesia was the only variable negatively associated with patient-perceived pain control at two weeks (Odds Ratio 0.15; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.8). CONCLUSIONS Regional anesthesia did not improve post-operative opioid requirements, PACU LOS, or patient-reported pain in the immediate or short-term post-operative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana G Douleh
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B202, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Joshua A Parry
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McQueen K, Murphy-Oikonen J, Miller A, Chambers L. Correction to: Sexual assault: women's voices on the health impacts of not being believed by police. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:232. [PMID: 34082740 PMCID: PMC8176616 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen McQueen
- School of Nursing, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada.
| | | | - Ainsley Miller
- School of Nursing, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Gender and Women's Studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Rates of sexual victimization among Indigenous women are 3 times higher when
compared with non-Indigenous women. The purpose of this secondary data analysis
was to explore the experiences and recommendations of Indigenous women who
reported sexual assault to the police and were not believed. This qualitative
study of the experiences of 11 Indigenous women reflects four themes. The women
experienced (a) victimization across the lifespan, (b) violent sexual assault,
(c) dismissal by police, and (d) survival and resilience. These women were
determined to voice their experience and make recommendations for change in the
way police respond to sexual assault.
Collapse
|
8
|
McQueen K, Murphy-Oikonen J, Miller A, Chambers L. Sexual assault: women's voices on the health impacts of not being believed by police. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:217. [PMID: 34022858 PMCID: PMC8141152 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Sexual assault is a prevalent crime against women globally with known negative effects on health. Recent media reports in Canada indicate that many sexual assault reports are not believed by police. Negative reporting experiences of sexual assault have been associated with secondary victimization and trauma among survivors. However, little is known about the impact that being sexually assaulted and not believed by police has on a survivor’s health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore women’s experiences of not being believed by police after sexual assault and their perceived impact on health. Methods We conducted open-ended and semi-structured interviews with 23 sexual assault survivors who were sexually assaulted and not believed by police. The interviews explored the self-reported health impacts of not being believed by police and were conducted from April to July, 2019. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and entered into NVIVO for analysis. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s analytic method. Results Analysis revealed three salient themes regarding the health and social impact of not being believed by police on survivors of sexual assault: (1) Broken Expectations which resulted in loss of trust and secondary victimization, (2) Loss of Self, and (3) Cumulative Health and Social Effects. The findings showed that not being believed by police resulted in additional mental and social burdens beyond that of the sexual assault. Many survivors felt further victimized by police at a time when they needed support, leading to the use taking of alcohol and/or drugs as a coping strategy. Conclusion Reporting a sexual assault and not being believed by police has negative health outcomes for survivors. Improving the disclosure experience is needed to mitigate the negative health and social impacts and promote healing. This is important for police, health, and social service providers who receive sexual assault disclosures and may be able to positively influence the reporting experience and overall health effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01358-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen McQueen
- School of Nursing, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada.
| | | | - Ainsley Miller
- School of Nursing, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Lakehead University, Gender and Women's Studies, Thunder Bay, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gianakos AL, George N, Merklein M, Chambers L, Ferkel R, DiGiovanni C, Kennedy JG. Foot and Ankle Related Sex-Specific Analysis Within High-Impact Journals. Foot Ankle Int 2020; 41:356-363. [PMID: 31855079 DOI: 10.1177/1071100719894530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of patient sex on the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries has been established. Reporting of differences on treatment outcomes is lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in sex-specific outcomes across high-impact journals over a 5-year time period. METHODS Two independent investigators reviewed journal issues published during 2 calendar years (2011 and 2016) in the 5 highest-impact orthopedic foot and ankle/sports subspecialty journals (Foot & Ankle International [FAI], Foot and Ankle Surgery [FAS], American Journal of Sports Medicine [AJSM], Arthroscopy, and Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy [KSSTA]). Studies were stratified into those that involved sex-specific analysis (SSA), where sex was a variable in a multifactorial statistical model, and those that only reported sex as a demographic characteristic or utilized sex-matched cohorts. RESULTS A total of 473 studies evaluating a total of 273 128 patients met criteria. An average of 43.9% (119 967 patients) of the population were female. Only 16.7% (79/473) of studies included sex as variable in a statistical model. Thirteen percent (25/193) and 19.3% (54/280) of studies reported SSA in 2011 and 2016, respectively. FAI was the only journal demonstrating a significant improvement of reporting SSA from 2011 to 2016 (P < .002). Thirty percent (24/79) of studies that performed SSA demonstrated significant differences between male and female outcomes. CONCLUSION Reporting of SSA in the orthopedic literature continued to be lacking. Only 16.7% of all articles evaluated in 2011 and 2016 performed SSA, with 30% of this subset reporting a statistically significant difference in outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, comparative study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Gianakos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aultman Hospital, Canton, OH, USA
| | - Meghan Merklein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Ferkel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southern California Orthopedic Institute, Van Nuys, CA, USA
| | | | - John G Kennedy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaynstein J, Donnell A, Chambers L, Mauffrey C, Parry JA. The effect of surgical pain severity, preoperative opioid use and patient characteristics on postoperative opioid prescriptions and refills in orthopedic surgery. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2020; 30:781-787. [PMID: 31975289 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive opioid prescriptions after orthopedic surgery are common. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between surgical severity, preoperative opioid use and patient characteristics with postoperative opioid prescriptions and refills. METHODS Seventy-nine patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries were reviewed. Surgical pain severity was categorized as mild (n = 25), moderate (n = 26) and severe (n = 28). Patients were also categorized as opioid naïve (n = 57), experienced (n = 16) and tolerant (n = 6). Postoperative and refill prescriptions were reviewed to determine morphine equivalent dose (MED) prescribed. RESULTS Mild, moderate and severe pain surgeries received a median (interquartile range) equivalent of 20 (0, 30), 53 (33, 80) and 60 (45, 80) oxycodone 5 mg tablets, respectively. Excessive opioid prescriptions (> 400 MED) were given to 37 (46%) patients. There was no difference in the total discharge MED between moderate and severe pain surgeries or between opioid naïve and opioid-experienced patients (p > 0.05). Variables associated with excessive postoperative opioid prescriptions on multivariate analysis-included severe pain surgery (odds ratio 7.7, 95% confidence interval 2 to 25; p < 0.01) and anesthetic block (odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 14; p < 0.01). Variables associated with opioid refill on multivariate analysis included an American Society of Anesthiologists Physical Status (ASA) score > I (odds ratio 11, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 92; p < 0.01) and preoperative pain VAS (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.4; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The adoption of opioid prescription guidelines is warranted to differentiate between surgical severities and decrease the range and size of postoperative opioid prescriptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnna Jaynstein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Ashley Donnell
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Cyril Mauffrey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Joshua A Parry
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vintimilla DR, Chambers L, Mauffrey C, Parry JA. Just add water? Chlorhexidine's antimicrobial properties are minimally affected by dilution in saline compared to water. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2019; 30:613-615. [PMID: 31863271 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-019-02609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilute chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in sterile water is an antiseptic solution approved for intraoperative wound irrigation by the United States Food and Drug Administration. In practice, however, CHG is commonly diluted with normal saline, which can result in its precipitation potentially reducing the antimicrobial effect. The purpose of this study was to determine if the antimicrobial properties of CHG are reduced after dilution with normal saline compared to sterile water. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sterile paper disks were placed into undiluted 4% CHG (positive control), 0.05% CHG in sterile water, 0.05% CHG in normal saline, or normal saline alone (negative control) and then placed in triplicate onto the agar plates inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. After incubating at 37 °C for 24 h, the diameter of the zone of inhibition around each disk was measured. RESULTS The mean zone of inhibition for 4% CHG, 0.05% CHG in sterile water, 0.05% CHG in normal saline, and normal saline alone was 24 ± 0.6 mm, 16 ± 0.9 mm, 14 ± 0.5 mm, and 0 ± 0 mm, respectively (p < 0.01). The zone of inhibition for dilute CHG in normal saline was on average 2.5 mm less (95% CI 1.7-3.2 mm) than that of CHG in sterile water. CONCLUSIONS Dilute CHG in normal saline, versus sterile water, retained its antimicrobial activity with a small reduction in the zone of inhibition. Surgeons and scientists should be aware of the interaction between normal saline and CHG. Future scientific studies need to control for what solution is used for dilution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rojas Vintimilla
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Cyril Mauffrey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Joshua A Parry
- Department of Orthopaedics, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 777 Bannock St MC 0188, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Chambers L, Avery A, Dalrymple J, Farrell L, Gibson G, Harrington J, Rijkers G, Rowland I, Spiro A, Varela‐Moreiras G, Vokes L, Younge L, Whelan K, Stanner S. Translating probiotic science into practice. NUTR BULL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Avery
- University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - J. Dalrymple
- Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology London UK
| | | | | | | | - G. Rijkers
- University College Roosevelt Middelburg The Netherlands
| | | | - A. Spiro
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
| | | | - L. Vokes
- British Dietetic Association Birmingham UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Burnett K, Skinner K, Hay T, LeBlanc J, Chambers L. Retail food environments, shopping experiences, First Nations and the provincial Norths. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 37:333-341. [PMID: 29043760 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper looks at the market food environments of First Nations communities located in the provincial Norths by examining the potential retail competition faced by the North West Company (NWC) and by reporting on the grocery shopping experiences of people living in northern Canada. METHODS We employed two methodological approaches to assess northern retail food environments. First, we mapped food retailers in the North to examine the breadth of retail competition in the provincial Norths, focussing specifically on those communities without year-round road access. Second, we surveyed people living in communities in northern Canada about their retail and shopping experiences. RESULTS Fifty-four percent of communities in the provincial Norths and Far North without year-round road access did not have a grocery store that competed with the NWC. The provinces with the highest percentage of northern communities without retail competition were Ontario (87%), Saskatchewan (83%) and Manitoba (72%). Respondents to the survey (n = 92) expressed concern about their shopping experiences in three main areas: the cost of food, food quality and freshness, and availability of specific foods. CONCLUSION There is limited retail competition in the provincial Norths. In Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Ontario, the NWC has no store competition in at least 70% of northern communities. Consumers living in northern Canada find it difficult to afford nutritious foods and would like access to a wider selection of perishable foods in good condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Burnett
- Department of Indigenous Learning, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis Hay
- Department of History, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph LeBlanc
- Social Planning Council of Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Women's Studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stinchcombe A, Wilson K, Kortes-Miller K, Chambers L, Weaver B. Physical and mental health inequalities among aging lesbian, gay, and bisexual Canadians: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Can J Public Health 2018; 109:10.17269/s41997-018-0100-3. [PMID: 30003511 PMCID: PMC6964597 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE International estimates suggest the presence of health inequalities among older sexual minorities (i.e., individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual and are 65 years old or above). In this study, we investigated the presence of health inequalities among aging lesbian and bisexual females, as well as aging gay and bisexual males in Canada. METHODS We used baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Tracking and Comprehensive cohorts to cross-sectionally compare self-reported physical and mental health indicators by sex and sexual orientation. Within our analysis sample of 51,208 Canadians 45 years old and over, 2% (n = 1057) of respondents identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. RESULTS Compared to heterosexual female peers, lesbian and bisexual females had greater odds of heavy drinking (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4) and being a former smoker (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-1.9). Gay and bisexual males had greater odds of reporting a diagnosis of cancer (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-1.9) and currently smoking (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.0), compared to heterosexual males. Female and male sexual minorities had greater odds of reporting mood disorders (including depression) and anxiety disorders relative to heterosexual peers of the same sex. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of considering both sex and sexual orientation when developing approaches to support the physical and mental health of a diverse aging population in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stinchcombe
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University, 223 Main St, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 1C4, Canada.
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kimberley Wilson
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Kortes-Miller
- School of Social Work, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging & Health (CERAH), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Women's Studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Weaver
- Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine (West Campus), Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Siddiqui R, Chambers L. Sexual violence: a call for public health research. Can J Public Health 2018; 109:276-277. [PMID: 29981043 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Siddiqui
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Lori Chambers
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hargraves M, Lockyer S, Chambers L. Are energy drinks suitable for children? NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- E. Robinson
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
- Marks and Spencer PLC; London UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chambers L, Finch J, Edwards K, Jeanjean A, Leigh R, Gonem S. Effects of personal air pollution exposure on asthma symptoms, lung function and airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018. [PMID: 29526044 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that air pollution increases the risk of asthma hospitalizations and healthcare utilization, but the effects on day-to-day asthma control are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We undertook a prospective single-centre panel study to test the hypothesis that personal air pollution exposure is associated with asthma symptoms, lung function and airway inflammation. METHODS Thirty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of asthma were provided with a personal air pollution monitor (Cairclip NO2 /O3 ) which was kept on or around their person throughout the 12-week follow-up period. Ambient levels of NO2 and particulate matter were modelled based upon satellite imaging data. Directly measured ozone, NO2 and particulate matter levels were obtained from a monitoring station in central Leicester. Participants made daily electronic records of asthma symptoms, peak expiratory flow and exhaled nitric oxide. Spirometry and asthma symptom questionnaires were completed at fortnightly study visits. Data were analysed using linear mixed effects models and cross-correlation. RESULTS Cairclip exposure data were of good quality with clear evidence of diurnal variability and a missing data rate of approximately 20%. We were unable to detect consistent relationships between personal air pollution exposure and clinical outcomes in the group as a whole. In an exploratory subgroup analysis, total oxidant exposure was associated with increased daytime symptoms in women but not men. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We did not find compelling evidence that air pollution exposure impacts on day-to-day clinical control in an unselected asthma population, but further studies are required in larger populations with higher exposure levels. Women may be more susceptible than men to the effects of air pollution, an observation which requires confirmation in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Chambers
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - J Finch
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - K Edwards
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - A Jeanjean
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - R Leigh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S Gonem
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
Rahmath S, Chambers L, Wakewich P. Asserting citizenship: Muslim women's experiences with the hijab in Canada. Women's Studies International Forum 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Chambers L, Hetherington M, Cooke L, Coulthard H, Fewtrell M, Emmett P, Lowdon J, Blissett J, Lanigan J, Baseley C, Stanner S. Reaching consensus on a ‘vegetables first’ approach to complementary feeding. NUTR BULL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. Cooke
- University College London; London UK
| | | | - M. Fewtrell
- Department of Paediatric Nutrition; UCL Institute of Child Health; London UK
| | | | - J. Lowdon
- Manchester Children's Hospital; Manchester UK
| | - J. Blissett
- Childhood Eating Behaviour; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - J. Lanigan
- UCL Institute of Child Health; London UK
| | - C. Baseley
- Consultant Nutritionist; representing Ella's Kitchen; UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rueda S, Mitra S, Chen S, Gogolishvili D, Globerman J, Chambers L, Wilson M, Logie CH, Shi Q, Morassaei S, Rourke SB. Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: a series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011453. [PMID: 27412106 PMCID: PMC4947735 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and series of meta-analyses on the association between HIV-related stigma and health among people living with HIV. DATA SOURCES A structured search was conducted on 6 electronic databases for journal articles reporting associations between HIV-related stigma and health-related outcomes published between 1996 and 2013. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Controlled studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies in people living with HIV were considered for inclusion. OUTCOME MEASURES Mental health (depressive symptoms, emotional and mental distress, anxiety), quality of life, physical health, social support, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, access to and usage of health/social services and risk behaviours. RESULTS 64 studies were included in our meta-analyses. We found significant associations between HIV-related stigma and higher rates of depression, lower social support and lower levels of adherence to antiretroviral medications and access to and usage of health and social services. Weaker relationships were observed between HIV-related stigma and anxiety, quality of life, physical health, emotional and mental distress and sexual risk practices. While risk of bias assessments revealed overall good quality related to how HIV stigma and health outcomes were measured on the included studies, high risk of bias among individual studies was observed in terms of appropriate control for potential confounders. Additional research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms behind the negative relationship between stigma and health to better inform interventions to reduce the impact of stigma on the health and well-being of people with HIV. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and series of meta-analyses support the notion that HIV-related stigma has a detrimental impact on a variety of health-related outcomes in people with HIV. This review can inform the development of multifaceted, intersectoral interventions to reduce the impact of HIV-related stigma on the health and well-being of people living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rueda
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjana Mitra
- The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiyi Chen
- The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Lori Chambers
- School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Wilson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen H Logie
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiyun Shi
- The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sean B Rourke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hovard P, Chambers L, Re R, Hull S, Wickham M, Yeomans M. Cognitive-sensory enhancement of satiety: A home-consumer study. Appetite 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
|
31
|
|
32
|
Hovard P, Chambers L, Hull S, Re R, Wickham MSJ, Yeomans MR. Sensory‐enhanced beverages: Effects on satiety following repeated consumption at home. NUTR BULL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Hovard
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Sussex Brighton UK
| | - L. Chambers
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Sussex Brighton UK
- British Nutrition Foundation London UK
| | - S. Hull
- Leatherhead Food Research Leatherhead UK
| | - R. Re
- World Sugar Research Organisation London UK
| | | | - M. R. Yeomans
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Sussex Brighton UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- R. Uauy
- Public Health Nutrition; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London UK
- Institute of Nutrition; University of Chile; Santiago-Chile Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gibbons C, Creese J, Tran M, Brazil K, Chambers L, Weaver B, Bédard M. The psychological and health consequences of caring for a spouse with dementia: a critical comparison of husbands and wives. J Women Aging 2015; 26:3-21. [PMID: 24483280 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2014.854571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Caring for someone with dementia can be demanding, particularly for spouses living with the care recipient. The main goal of this study was to clarify differences in the experience of caregivers who were husbands and wives with respect to burden, health, healthy behaviors, presence of difficult care recipient behaviors, social supports, and the quality of the premorbid relationship. The results of this study support research demonstrating a difference between the caregiving experiences of women and men. It is becoming increasingly apparent that female gender is a marker that places them at increased risk of high burden and less support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Gibbons
- a Research Department , St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
McCrickerd K, Chambers L, Yeomans M. Food or fluid? The context of consuming a beverage influences satiety. Appetite 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Shilton C, Brown GP, Chambers L, Benedict S, Davis S, Aumann S, Isberg SR. Pathology of Runting in Farmed Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in Australia. Vet Pathol 2014; 51:1022-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813516642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extremely poor growth of some individuals within a birth cohort (runting) is a significant problem in crocodile farming. We conducted a pathological investigation to determine if infectious disease is associated with runting in farmed saltwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus) and to look for evidence of other etiologies. In each of 2005 and 2007, 10 normal and 10 runt crocodiles, with an average age of 5.5 months and reared under identical conditions, were sampled. Laboratory testing included postmortem; histological examination of a wide variety of tissues (with quantitation of features that were noted subjectively to be different between groups); hematology; serum biochemistry (total protein, albumin, globulins, total calcium, phosphorus, and iron); bacterial culture of liver and spleen (2005 only); viral culture of liver, thymus, tonsil, and spleen using primary crocodile cell lines (2007 only); and serum corticosterone (2007 only). The only evidence of infectious disease was mild cutaneous poxvirus infection in 45% of normal and 40% of runt crocodiles and rare intestinal coccidia in 5% of normal and 15% of runt crocodiles. Bacterial and viral culture did not reveal significant differences between the 2 groups. However, runt crocodiles exhibited significant ( P < .05) increases in adrenocortical cell cytoplasmic vacuolation and serum corticosterone, decreased production of bone (osteoporosis), and reduced lymphoid populations in the spleen, tonsil, and thymus. Runts also exhibited moderate anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and mild hypophosphatemia. Taken together, these findings suggest an association between runting and a chronic stress response (hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Shilton
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - G. P. Brown
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L. Chambers
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S. Benedict
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S. Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S. Aumann
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S. R. Isberg
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Porosus Pty. Ltd., Noonamah, Northern Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yeomans M, McCrickerd K, Brunstrom J, Chambers L. Effects of repeated exposure on sensory-enhanced satiety. Appetite 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
McCrickerd K, Chambers L, Brunstrom J, Norton J, Mills T, Yeomans M. Subtle changes in the flavour and texture of a drink enhance expectations of satiety. Appetite 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Chambers L, Ells H, Yeomans M. Satiety expectations in a real-world setting. Appetite 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Children's palliative care (CPC) is a specialty in itself, albeit closely related to adult palliative care (World Health Organization (WHO), 2002). However, although there are many children who require palliative care, in much of the world CPC has a poor profile and is inaccessible to those who need it (Downing et al, 2010; Knapp et al, 2011). The provision of high-quality palliative care for children is a global concern, with 27% of the world population being under the age of 15, rising to as many as 49% in countries such as Uganda (WHO, 2010). It has been estimated that as many as 7 million of these children around the world will need palliative care each year (Rushton et al, 2002), although the true figure is likely to be higher. The public health approach to palliative care is key to the development of CPC services, as is the development of models that integrate services into existing health structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Downing
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Use of modified texture foods (MTF) is common in the geriatric population. There is a potential for increased prevalence of use of MTF due in part to longer survival of persons with dementia, those who have suffered from a stroke, as well as other degenerative diseases that affect chewing and swallowing. Unfortunately, little clinical, nutritional and sensory research has been conducted on MTF to inform practice. This review highlights issues identified in the literature to date that influence nutritional and sensory quality and acceptability of these foods. Use of MTF is highly associated with undernutrition, however causality is difficult to demonstrate due to confounding factors such as the requirement for feeding assistance. Knowledge gaps and considerations that need to be taken into account when conducting research are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Keller
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ONT, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rueda S, Chambers L, Wilson M, Mustard C, Rourke SB, Bayoumi A, Raboud J, Lavis J. Association of returning to work with better health in working-aged adults: a systematic review. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:541-56. [PMID: 22390520 PMCID: PMC3487667 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of returning to work on health among working-aged adults. METHODS We searched 6 electronic databases in 2005. We selected longitudinal studies that documented a transition from unemployment to employment and included a comparison group. Two reviewers independently appraised the retrieved literature for potential relevance and methodological quality. RESULTS Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria, including 1 randomized controlled trial. Fifteen studies revealed a beneficial effect of returning to work on health, either demonstrating a significant improvement in health after reemployment or a significant decline in health attributed to continued unemployment. We also found evidence for health selection, suggesting that poor health interferes with people's ability to go back to work. Some evidence suggested that earlier reemployment may be associated with better health. CONCLUSIONS Beneficial health effects of returning to work have been documented in a variety of populations, times, and settings. Return-to-work programs may improve not only financial situations but also health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rueda
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kosny A, MacEachen E, Ferrier S, Chambers L. The role of health care providers in long term and complicated workers' compensation claims. J Occup Rehabil 2011; 21:582-90. [PMID: 21468735 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-011-9307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health care providers (HCPs) play a central role in workers' compensation systems. In most systems, they are involved in the legitimization of work-related injury, are required to provide information to workers' compensation boards about the nature and extent of the injury, give recommendations about return-to-work capability and provide treatment for injury or illness. This study identifies problems that occur at the interface between the health care system, injured workers, and workers' compensation boards (WCBs) that may complicate and extend workers' compensation claims and the mechanisms that underlie the development of these problems. METHODS Interviews were sought with injured workers, peer helpers and service providers from a variety of geographic locations in order to get a broad picture of return to work problems and concerns. This analysis includes data from total of 34 interviews with injured workers who had long term and complicated claims. Interviews were also conducted with 14 peer helpers and 21 service providers. RESULTS We identified four domains related to injured workers' interface with the health care system that played a key role in complicating and prolonging compensation claims. These problems, related to health care access, conflicting or imperfect medical knowledge, limited understanding of compensation system requirements and confusion about decision-making authority, resulted in frustration, financial difficulties and mental health problems for injured workers. CONCLUSION Recommendations are made about how compensation system parties can find better ways to serve injured worker health care needs and facilitate a smooth relationship between the compensation board and HCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kosny
- Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Yeomans M, Chambers L. Enhancing the satiety-relevant sensory properties of a preload improves energy intake compensation. Appetite 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
MacEachen E, Kosny A, Ferrier S, Chambers L. The "toxic dose" of system problems: why some injured workers don't return to work as expected. J Occup Rehabil 2010; 20:349-366. [PMID: 20140752 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-010-9229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Most workers who incur an injury on the job follow a relatively straightforward path through a workers' compensation claim, recovery and return to work. However, a minority of compensation claims is prolonged and can be disproportionately costly. We conducted this qualitative study in order to gain an understanding of systemic, process-related problems affecting injured workers who had failed to return to work as expected. Method A total of 69 in-depth interviews were conducted with injured workers with complex and extended workers' compensation claims and with return-to-work (RTW) providers such as health care providers, insurers, legal advisors, and workplaces. The study was based in Ontario, Canada. A modified grounded theory analysis led to the identification of common mechanisms in RTW problems. Results We identify problems with return to work and extended workers' compensation claims in dysfunctions in organizational dynamics across RTW systems including the workplace, healthcare, vocational rehabilitation and workers' compensation. These system problems are difficult to identify because they appear as relatively mundane and bureaucratic. These appeared to have damaging effects on workers in the form of a 'toxic dose' affecting the worker beyond the initial injury. Conclusions Worker's problems with extended claims were linked to RTW policies that did not easily accommodate conflict or power imbalances among RTW parties and by social relations and processes that impeded communication about RTW situations and problems. Avenues for intervention are located in a shift to a critical lens to RTW process that addresses differences of knowledge, resources, and interests among different parties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen MacEachen
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
MacEachen E, Kosny A, Scott-Dixon K, Facey M, Chambers L, Breslin C, Kyle N, Irvin E, Mahood Q. Workplace health understandings and processes in small businesses: a systematic review of the qualitative literature. J Occup Rehabil 2010; 20:180-198. [PMID: 20140483 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-009-9227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small businesses (SBs) play an important role in global economies, employ half of all workers, and pose distinct workplace health problems. This systematic review of qualitative peer-reviewed literature was carried out to identify and synthesize research findings about how SB workplace parties understand and enact processes related to occupational health and safety (OHS). METHODS The review was conducted as part of a larger mixed-method review and in consultation with stakeholders. A comprehensive literature search identified 5067 studies. After screening for relevance, 20 qualitative articles were identified. Quality assessment led to 14 articles of sufficient quality to be included in the meta-ethnographic findings synthesis. RESULTS This review finds that SBs have distinctive social relations of work, apprehensions of workplace risk, and legislative requirements. Eight themes were identified that consolidate knowledge on how SB workplace parties understand OHS hazards, how they manage risk and health problems, and how broader structures, policies and systems shape the practice of workplace health in SBs. The themes contribute to 'layers of evidence' that address SB work and health phenomena at the micro (e.g. employer or worker behavior), meso (e.g. organizational dynamics) and macro (e.g. state policy) levels. CONCLUSIONS This synthesis details the unique qualities and conditions of SBs that merit particular attention from planners and occupational health policy makers. In particular, the informal workplace social relations can limit workers' and employers' apprehension of risk, and policy and complex contractual conditions in which SBs are often engaged (such as chains of subcontracting) can complicate occupational health responsibilities. This review questions the utility of SB exemptions from OHS regulations and suggests a legislative focus on the particular needs of SBs. It considers ways that workers might activate their own workplace health concerns, and suggests that more qualitative research on OHS solutions is needed. It suggests that answers to the SB OHS problems identified in this review might lie in third party interventions and improved worker representation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen MacEachen
- The Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Carter M, Karwalajtys T, Chambers L, Kaczorowski J, Dolovich L, Gierman T, Cross D, Laryea S. Implementing a standardized community-based cardiovascular risk assessment program in 20 Ontario communities. Health Promot Int 2009; 24:325-33. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dap030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
50
|
Roman S, Cusdin FS, Fonfria E, Goodwin JA, Reeves J, Lappin SC, Chambers L, Walter DS, Clay WC, Michel AD. Cloning and pharmacological characterization of the dog P2X7 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1513-26. [PMID: 19814727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human and rodent P2X7 receptors exhibit differences in their sensitivity to antagonists. In this study we have cloned and characterized the dog P2X7 receptor to determine if its antagonist sensitivity more closely resembles the human or rodent orthologues. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A cDNA encoding the dog P2X7 receptor was isolated from a dog heart cDNA library, expressed in U-2 OS cells using the BacMam viral expression system and characterized in electrophysiological, ethidium accumulation and radioligand binding studies. Native P2X7 receptors were examined by measuring ATP-stimulated interleukin-1beta release in dog and human whole blood. KEY RESULTS The dog P2X7 receptor was 595 amino acids long and exhibited high homology (>70%) to the human and rodent orthologues although it contained an additional threonine at position 284 and an amino acid deletion at position 538. ATP possessed low millimolar potency at dog P2X7 receptors. 2'-&3'-O-(4benzoylbenzoyl) ATP had slightly higher potency but was a partial agonist. Dog P2X7 receptors possessed relatively high affinity for a number of selective antagonists of the human P2X7 receptor although there were some differences in potency between the species. Compound affinities in human and dog blood exhibited a similar rank order of potency as observed in studies on the recombinant receptor although absolute potency was considerably lower. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Dog recombinant and native P2X7 receptors display a number of pharmacological similarities to the human P2X7 receptor. Thus, dog may be a suitable species for assessing target-related toxicity of antagonists intended for evaluation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Roman
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Limited, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|