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Dos Santos WR, de Souza LSB, Jardim AMDRF, de Morais JEF, Dos Santos MMP, de Souza CAA, da Silva TGF. How is the water footprint of the species Vachellia farnesiana, Amburana cearensis, and Handroanthus impetiginosus influenced by abiotic stresses as water deficit and salinity? Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 26:784-792. [PMID: 37846073 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2267670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In semi-arid regions, is necessary to explore strategies to mitigate abiotic stresses such as water deficit and salinity. This study aimed to evaluate the stress tolerance capacity of three species subjected to different water regimes and salinity levels, based on dry matter production and water use efficiency (WUE). The species Handroanthus impetiginosus, Vachellia farnesiana, and Amburana cearensis were evaluated in combination with different water regimes (50%, 75%, and 100% of reference evapotranspiration - ET0) and salinity levels (0.18, 1.50, and 1.90 dS m-1). The results show that biomass accumulation increased at 50% and 75% ET0, while the WUE decreased at 100% ET0. The salinity level (1.90 dS m-1) caused reductions in leaf dry biomass (LDB), total dry biomass (TDB), LDB/TDB ratio, and WUE. The negative effects of high salinity on plant height were greater with the application of 75% ET0. The highest WUE was obtained at 50% ET0 for A. cearensis and H. impetiginosus, while V. farnesiana obtained the highest WUE at 75% ET0. A. cearensis exhibited the highest biomass accumulation (2.58 g) and WUE (0.21 g L-1). Overall, the species can tolerate drought and salinity conditions, being sensitive to high salinity concentrations during their initial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Roberta Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - José Edson Florentino de Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos André Alves de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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da Silva TGF, de Medeiros RS, Arraes FDD, Ramos CMC, Araújo Júnior GDN, Jardim AMDRF, Alves CP, Campos FS, da Silva MV, de Morais JEF, de Souza CAA, Siqueira E Silva SM, Dos Santos DC, de Carvalho AA, de Souza LSB. Cactus-sorghum intercropping combined with management interventions of planting density, row orientation and nitrogen fertilisation can optimise water use in dry regions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 895:165102. [PMID: 37356760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Some strategies can optimise the use of water in crops under deficit, either by increasing yield or by reducing actual crop evapotranspiration (ET), to promote the sustainable intensification of production systems. The objective was to evaluate how the spacing, planting orientation, nitrogen fertilisation and intercropping strategies impact the dynamics of water in the soil, ET partitioning, and water use indicators for forage cactus and cactus-sorghum intercropping. Four experiments were conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In the first two sites (I and II), the cladodes of the intercropped forage cactus and sorghum were spaced at 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m with rows-oriented east-west and north-south. In site III, the intercropped rows were spaced at 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 m. Site IV, which contained the forage cactus crop exclusively, was treated with four nitrogen levels (50, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1). The management interventions improved water use more by increasing dry matter than by reducing ET in the cropping system. Intercropping promoted the greatest increase in water productivity (130 %). Increasing N doses in the forage cactus-only crop reduced ET by up to 39 % but increased deep drainage losses by up to 365 %. The most promising management practices for optimising water resources were as follows: spacing of 0.10 m between cactus plants in the intercropping trial under east-west row orientation, as it promoted greater water use efficiency (76 %); spacing of 0.30 m in the north-south orientation; and row spacing of 1.50 m, as it improved water productivity (6.89 kg m-3). Thus, interventions in management should be adopted to optimise water use in intercropping systems with forage cactus, aiming at sustainable intensification in dry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil; Campus Salgueiro, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Sátiro de Medeiros
- Campus Salgueiro, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Dirceu Duarte Arraes
- Campus Salgueiro, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Manoel Carvalho Ramos
- Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Collegiate, University Federal of the Vale do São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cleber Pereira Alves
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fleming Sena Campos
- Chapadinha Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Jardim AMDRF, de Morais JEF, de Souza LSB, de Souza CAA, Araújo Júnior GDN, Alves CP, da Silva GÍN, Leite RMC, de Moura MSB, de Lima JLMP, da Silva TGF. Monitoring Energy Balance, Turbulent Flux Partitioning, Evapotranspiration and Biophysical Parameters of Nopalea cochenillifera (Cactaceae) in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Environment. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2562. [PMID: 37447125 PMCID: PMC10346497 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The in-situ quantification of turbulent flux and evapotranspiration (ET) is necessary to monitor crop performance in stressful environments. Although cacti can withstand stressful conditions, plant responses and plant-environment interactions remain unclear. Hence, the objective of our study was to investigate the interannual and seasonal behaviour of components of the surface energy balance, environmental conditions, morphophysiological parameters, biomass yield and water relations in a crop of Nopalea cochenillifera in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The data were collected from a micrometeorological tower between 2015 and 2017. The results demonstrate that net radiation was significantly higher during the wet season. Latent heat flux was not significant between the wet season and dry season. During the dry-wet transition season in particular, sensible heat flux was higher than during the other seasons. We observed a large decline in soil heat flux during the wet season. There was no difference in ET during the wet or dry seasons; however, there was a 40% reduction during the dry-wet transition. The wet seasons and wet-dry transition showed the lowest Evaporative Stress Index. The plants showed high cladode water content and biomass during the evaluation period. In conclusion, these findings indicate high rates of growth, high biomass and a high cladode water content and explain the response of the cactus regarding energy partitioning and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (G.d.N.A.J.); (C.P.A.); (G.Í.N.d.S.); (T.G.F.d.S.)
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Edson Florentino de Morais
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Pernambuco, Brazil; (J.E.F.d.M.); (L.S.B.d.S.); (C.A.A.d.S.); (R.M.C.L.)
| | - Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Pernambuco, Brazil; (J.E.F.d.M.); (L.S.B.d.S.); (C.A.A.d.S.); (R.M.C.L.)
| | - Carlos André Alves de Souza
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Pernambuco, Brazil; (J.E.F.d.M.); (L.S.B.d.S.); (C.A.A.d.S.); (R.M.C.L.)
| | - George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (G.d.N.A.J.); (C.P.A.); (G.Í.N.d.S.); (T.G.F.d.S.)
| | - Cléber Pereira Alves
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (G.d.N.A.J.); (C.P.A.); (G.Í.N.d.S.); (T.G.F.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Ítalo Novaes da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (G.d.N.A.J.); (C.P.A.); (G.Í.N.d.S.); (T.G.F.d.S.)
| | - Renan Matheus Cordeiro Leite
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Pernambuco, Brazil; (J.E.F.d.M.); (L.S.B.d.S.); (C.A.A.d.S.); (R.M.C.L.)
| | | | - João L. M. P. de Lima
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil; (G.d.N.A.J.); (C.P.A.); (G.Í.N.d.S.); (T.G.F.d.S.)
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Pernambuco, Brazil; (J.E.F.d.M.); (L.S.B.d.S.); (C.A.A.d.S.); (R.M.C.L.)
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da Rosa Ferraz Jardim AM, de Morais JEF, de Souza LSB, da Silva TGF. Understanding interactive processes: a review of CO 2 flux, evapotranspiration, and energy partitioning under stressful conditions in dry forest and agricultural environments. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:677. [PMID: 35974211 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arid and semiarid environments are characterized by low water availability (e.g., in soil and atmosphere), high air temperature, and irregularity in the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall. In addition to the economic and environmental consequences, drought also causes physiological damage to crops and compromises their survival in ecosystems. The removal of vegetation is responsible for altering the energy exchange of heat and water in natural ecosystems and agricultural areas. The fluxes of CO2 are also changed, and environments with characteristics of sinks, which can be sources of CO2 after anthropic disturbances. These changes can be measured through methods such as sap flow, eddy covariance, remote sensing, and energy balance. Despite the relevance of each method mentioned above, there are limitations in their applications that must be respected. Thus, this review aims to quantify the processes and changes of energy fluxes, CO2, and their interactions with the surfaces of terrestrial ecosystems in dry environments. Studies report that the use of methods that integrate data from climate monitoring towers and remote sensing products helps to improve the accuracy of the determination of energy fluxes on a global scale, also helping to reduce the dissimilarity of results obtained individually. Through the collection of works in the literature, it is reported that several areas of the Brazilian Caatinga biome, which is a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest have been suffering from changes in land use and land cover. Similar fluxes of sensible heat in areas with cacti and Caatinga can be observed in studies. On the other hand, one of the variables influenced mainly by air temperature is net radiation. In dry forest areas, woody species can store large amounts of carbon in their biomass above and belowground. The use of cacti can modify the local carbon budget when using tree crops together. Therefore, the study highlights the complexity and severity of land degradation and changes in CO2, water, and energy fluxes in dry environments with areas of forest, grassland, and cacti. Vegetation energy balance is also a critical factor, as these simulations are helpful for use in forecasting weather or climate change. We also highlight the need for more studies that address environmental conservation techniques and cactus in the conservation of degraded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, 56909-535, Brazil.
| | - José Edson Florentino de Morais
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, 56909-535, Brazil
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Jardim AMDRF, Santos HRB, Alves HKMN, Ferreira-Silva SL, Souza LSBD, Araújo Júnior GDN, Souza MDS, Araújo GGLD, Souza CAAD, Silva TGFD. Genotypic differences relative photochemical activity, inorganic and organic solutes and yield performance in clones of the forage cactus under semi-arid environment. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:421-430. [PMID: 33740681 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants with the crassulacean acid metabolism commonly present good adaptation to arid and semi-arid environments, but it highly depends on the type of species. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, the concentration of inorganic and organic solutes and the productive performance were evaluated along with their relationships in different clones of the genera Opuntia and Nopalea. The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Four clones of genus Opuntia were evaluated: 'Orelha de Elefante Mexicana' (OEM), 'Orelha de Elefante Africana' (OEA), V19 and F8; and two clones of genus Nopalea: 'IPA Sertânia' and 'Miúda'. The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design, with six treatments and three replications. The following parameters were measured when harvesting: initial, maximum and variable fluorescence; the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm); light-induction curves of the photochemical parameters (ΔF/Fm', qP, NPQ and ETR); the chlorophyll and carotenoid content; carbohydrates; the sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) content; morphometry; and dry matter accumulation. The values for the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΔF/Fm') and the alterations in photochemical quenching were higher in the OEM clone (P < 0.05). There was a difference between clones for non-photochemical quenching, with the F8 clone having the highest values. The Fv/Fm was 0.87 for the OEM. 'IPA Sertânia' obtained the greatest Chl a/b, and the highest values for carbohydrate concentration were found in the OEA clone. The OEM clone showed the greatest accumulation of K+, in addition to a higher cladode area index and greater dry matter accumulation. The results of this study show the high physiological tolerance of the forage cactus to a semi-arid environment, which varies according to the clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Rafael Bentzen Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes Alves
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - George do Nascimento Araújo Júnior
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marcondes de Sá Souza
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Semiarid, Highway BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Countryside, 56302-970, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Carlos André Alves de Souza
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Plant Production, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira avenue, s/n, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Almeida MCRD, Leite MLDMV, Souza LSBD, Simões VJLP, Pessoa LGM, Lucena LRRD, Cruz MGD, Sá Júnior EHD. Agronomic characteristics of the Pennisetum glaucum submitted to water and saline stresses. Acta Sci Anim Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.50468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.
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