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Rodriguez NM, Loren P, Paez I, Martínez C, Chaparro A, Salazar LA. MicroRNAs: The Missing Link between Hypertension and Periodontitis? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1992. [PMID: 38396672 PMCID: PMC10889313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and arterial hypertension is a recognized cardiovascular risk factor that is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Arterial hypertension is the result of an inflammatory process that results in the remodeling and thickening of the vascular walls, which is associated with an immunological response. Previous studies have attempted to demonstrate the relationship between oral disease, inflammation, and the development of systemic diseases. Currently, the existence of an association between periodontitis and hypertension is a controversial issue because the underlying pathophysiological processes and inflammatory mechanisms common to both diseases are unknown. This is due to the fact that periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the interface of teeth and surrounding tissues. However, the most likely explanation for understanding this association is related to low-grade chronic inflammation. An initial path in the study of the relationship between the mentioned pathologies is the possibility of an epigenetic influence, mediated by noncoding RNAs as microRNAs. Thus, in the present review we describe the role of microRNAs related to arterial hypertension and/or periodontitis. In addition, we identified 13 common microRNAs between periodontitis and hypertension. According to the predictions of the DIANA-mirPath program, they can regulate genes involved in 52 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelia M Rodriguez
- Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Center for Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pía Loren
- Center for Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isis Paez
- Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Center for Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Constanza Martínez
- Department of Oral Pathology and Conservative Dentistry, Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Oral Pathology and Conservative Dentistry, Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center for Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Marzuca-Nassr GN, Alegría-Molina A, SanMartín-Calísto Y, Artigas-Arias M, Huard N, Sapunar J, Salazar LA, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC. Muscle Mass and Strength Gains Following Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults 65-75 Years and Older Adults Above 85 Years. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:11-19. [PMID: 37875254 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) can be applied effectively to increase muscle mass and function in older adults (65-75 years). However, it has been speculated that older adults above 85 years are less responsive to the benefits of RET. This study compares the impact of RET on muscle mass and function in healthy older adults 65-75 years versus older adults above 85 years. We subjected 17 healthy older adults 65-75 years (OLDER 65-75, n = 13/4 [female/male]; 68 ± 2 years; 26.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) and 12 healthy older adults above 85 years (OLDER 85+, n = 7/5 [female/male]; 87 ± 3 years; 26.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) to 12 weeks of whole-body RET (three times per week). Prior to, and after 6 and 12 weeks of training, quadriceps and lumbar spine vertebra 3 muscle cross-sectional area (computed tomography scan), whole-body lean mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan), strength (one-repetition maximum test), and physical performance (timed up and go and short physical performance battery) were assessed. Twelve weeks of RET resulted in a 10% ± 4% and 11% ± 5% increase in quadriceps cross-sectional area (from 46.5 ± 10.7 to 51.1 ± 12.1 cm2, and from 38.9 ± 6.1 to 43.1 ± 8.0 cm2, respectively; p < .001; η2 = .67); a 2% ± 3% and 2% ± 3% increase in whole-body lean mass (p = .001; η2 = .22); and a 38% ± 20% and 46% ± 14% increase in one-repetition maximum leg extension strength (p < .001; η2 = .77) in the OLDER 65-75 and OLDER 85+ groups, respectively. No differences in the responses to RET were observed between groups (Time × Group, all p > .60; all η2 ≤ .012). Physical performance on the short physical performance battery and timed up and go improved (both p < .01; η2 ≥ .22), with no differences between groups (Time × Group, p > .015; η2 ≤ .07). Prolonged RET increases muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in the aging population, with no differences between 65-75 years and 85+ years older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Alegría-Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yuri SanMartín-Calísto
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Rojas GA, Saavedra N, Morales C, Saavedra K, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Modulation of the Cardiovascular Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Physical Exercise as a Protective Strategy. Toxics 2023; 11:844. [PMID: 37888695 PMCID: PMC10610936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in air pollution increases cardiovascular risk. On the contrary, physical exercise is a widely used therapeutic approach to mitigate cardiovascular risk, but its efficacy in an environment of air pollution, particularly with PAHs, remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of exercise on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and REDOX imbalance due to PAH exposure using a mouse model. Twenty male BALB/c mice were subjected to a mixture of PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene) in conjunction with aerobic exercise. The investigation evaluated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, gene expression linked to inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, and REDOX imbalance in aortic tissues. Furthermore, the study evaluated the expression of the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins. Exercise led to notable changes in serum inflammatory cytokines, as well as the modulation of genes associated with endothelial dysfunction and REDOX imbalance in aortic tissue. In turn, exercise produced a modulation in the protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The findings implicate the potential of exercise to counter PAH-induced damage, as demonstrated by changes in markers. In conclusion, exercise could mitigate the adverse effects related to exposure to PAHs present in air pollution, as evidenced by changes in inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, and REDOX imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Rojas
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
- PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Escuela Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Cristian Morales
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
- PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
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Vidal-Seguel N, Cabrera C, Ferrada L, Artigas-Arias M, Alegría-Molina A, Sanhueza S, Flores A, Huard N, Sapunar J, Salazar LA, McGregor R, Nova-Lamperti E, Marzuca-Nassr GN. High-intensity interval training reduces the induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in older men using live-neutrophil imaging as biosensor. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112280. [PMID: 37659743 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) is a mechanism used by neutrophils to capture pathogens with their own DNA. However, the exacerbation of this immune response is related to serious inflammatory diseases. Aging is known to lead to an excessive increase in NETosis associated with various diseases. Under this scenario, the search for strategies that regulate the release of NETosis in older people becomes relevant. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves repeated bouts of relatively intense exercise with alternating short recovery periods. This training has shown beneficial effects on health parameters during aging and disease. However, little is known about the potential role of HIIT in the regulation of NETosis in healthy older people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of NETosis by serum from healthy young and older men, before and after 12 weeks of HIIT using healthy neutrophils as a biosensor. HIIT was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks in young (YOUNG; 21 ± 1 years, BMI 26.01 ± 2.64 kg⋅m-2, n = 10) and older men (OLDER; 66 ± 5 years, BMI 27.43 ± 3.11 kg⋅m-2, n = 10). Serum samples were taken before and after the HIIT program and NETosis was measured with live cell imaging in donated neutrophils cultured with serum from the participants for 30 h. Our results showed that serum from older men at baseline induced greater baseline NETosis than younger men (p < 0.05; effect size, ≥0.8), and 12 weeks of HIIT significantly reduced (Interaction Effect, p < 0.05; effect size, 0.134) the induction of NETosis in older men. In conclusion, HIIT is a feasible non-invasive training strategy modulating NETosis induction. Additionally, the use of neutrophils as a biosensor is an effective method for the quantification of NETosis induction in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Vidal-Seguel
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camilo Cabrera
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Universidad de La Frontera, Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Alegría-Molina
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sergio Sanhueza
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandra Flores
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Reuben McGregor
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Traslational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile.
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Arias C, Salazar LA. Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Modulates Autophagy-Related microRNAs in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14767. [PMID: 37834215 PMCID: PMC10573165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial joint disease characterized by degeneration, and aging stands as a significant risk factor. Autophagy, a crucial cellular homeostasis mechanism, is influenced by aging and closely linked to cartilage health. This correlation between autophagy, cell death, and OA underscores its relevance in disease progression. MicroRNAs have emerged as autophagy regulators, with miRNA-based interventions showing promise in preclinical models. Remarkably, the ethanolic extract of propolis exhibits positive effects on autophagy-related proteins and healthy cartilage markers in an in vitro osteoarthritis model. The aim of this brief report was to evaluate through in silico analysis and postulate five microRNAs that could regulate autophagy proteins (AKT1, ATG5, and LC3) and assess whether the ethanolic extract of propolis could regulate the expression of these microRNAs. Among the examined miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-125b, miR-181a, miR-185, and miR-335), the ethanolic extract of propolis induced significant changes in four of them. Specifically, miR-125b responded to EEP by counteracting IL-1β-induced effects, while miR-181a, miR-185, and miR-335 exhibited distinct patterns of expression under EEP treatment. These findings unveil a potential link between miRNAs, EEP, and autophagy modulation in OA, offering promising therapeutic insights. Nevertheless, further validation and clinical translation are warranted to substantiate these promising observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Caparrós-Manosalva C, Garrido-Muñoz N, Alvear-Constanzo B, Sanzana-Laurié S, Artigas-Arias M, Alegría-Molina A, Vidal-Seguel N, Espinoza-Araneda J, Huard N, Pagnussat AS, Sapunar J, Salazar LA, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Effects of high-intensity interval training on lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in healthy old and young people. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1223069. [PMID: 37829114 PMCID: PMC10565117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1223069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in young and older people is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the effect of HIIT on lean mass, maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD), and muscle power of both lower limbs in healthy young and older adults. Secondarily, to compare the effects of HIIT between dominant vs. non-dominant lower limbs of each group. Materials and methods: Healthy older (n = 9; 66 ± 6 years; BMI 27.1 ± 3.1 kg m-2) and young (n = 9; 21 ± 1 years; BMI 26.2 ± 2.8 kg m-2) men underwent 12 weeks of HIIT (3x/week) on a stationary bicycle. The evaluations were made before and after the HIIT program by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), anthropometry, force transducer and, Sit-to-Stand test. The outcomes analyzed were limb lean mass, thigh circumference, maximal voluntary isometric strength, RFD (Time intervals: 0-50, 50-100, 100-200, and 0-200 ms), and muscle power in both lower limbs. Results: After 12 weeks of HIIT, non-dominant limb (NDL) showed increase in limb lean mass (p < 0.05) but without interaction (time*group). HIIT showed a gain in absolute maximal strength and also when adjusted for thigh circumference in the dominant lower limb (DL) in both groups. The RFD0-200 ms showed differences between groups but without interaction. The RFD0-50 ms of the NDL showed post-training improvements (p < 0.05) in both groups. Only the older group showed differences between DL vs. NDL in most of the RFD obtained post-intervention. In addition, post-HIIT muscle power gain was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), but mainly in older adults. Conclusion: HIIT promotes increases in lean mass, maximal strength, early RFD, and lower limb muscle power in healthy older and young individuals. The differences shown between the DL and the NDL must be analyzed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Caparrós-Manosalva
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Nicolás Garrido-Muñoz
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bastián Alvear-Constanzo
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanzana-Laurié
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Macarena Artigas-Arias
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Alegría-Molina
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Vidal-Seguel
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de Ciencias Básicas, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jessica Espinoza-Araneda
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aline Souza Pagnussat
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Temuco, Chile
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Arias C, Vásquez B, Salazar LA. Propolis as a Potential Therapeutic Agent to Counteract Age-Related Changes in Cartilage: An In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14272. [PMID: 37762574 PMCID: PMC10532056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is intricately linked to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which plays a significant role in various age-related conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). The aging process significantly influences the development of OA due to alterations in cartilage composition, reduced proteoglycan content, dysregulation of growth factor signaling, and heightened oxidative stress. Propolis, a natural product renowned for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has the potential to mitigate age-induced changes in cartilage. The primary objective of this study was to rigorously assess the impact of in vivo propolis treatment on the histopathological characteristics of knee articular cartilage in senescent rats. This study involved a cohort of twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly allocated into four distinct groups for comparative analysis: YR (control group consisting of young rats), SR (senescent rats), SR-EEP (senescent rats treated with an ethanolic extract of propolis, EEP), and SR-V (senescent rats administered with a control vehicle). This study employed comprehensive histological and stereological analyses of knee articular cartilage. Propolis treatment exhibited a significant capacity to alleviate the severity of osteoarthritis, enhance the structural integrity of cartilage, and augment chondrocyte density. These promising findings underscore the potential of propolis as a compelling therapeutic agent to counteract age-related alterations in cartilage and, importantly, to potentially forestall the onset of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centre of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Olivares-Ferretti P, Beltrán JF, Salazar LA, Fonseca-Salamanca F. Protein Modelling and Molecular Docking Analysis of Fasciola hepatica β-Tubulin's Interaction Sites, with Triclabendazole, Triclabendazole Sulphoxide and Triclabendazole Sulphone. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:535-547. [PMID: 37330945 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fasciola hepatica is a globally distributed trematode that causes significant economic losses. Triclabendazole is the primary pharmacological treatment for this parasite. However, the increasing resistance to triclabendazole limits its efficacy. Previous pharmacodynamics studies suggested that triclabendazole acts by interacting mainly with the β monomer of tubulin. METHODS We used a high-quality method to model the six isotypes of F. hepatica β-tubulin in the absence of three-dimensional structures. Molecular dockings were conducted to evaluate the destabilization regions in the molecule against the ligands triclabendazole, triclabendazole sulphoxide and triclabendazole sulphone. RESULTS The nucleotide binding site demonstrates higher affinity than the binding sites of colchicine, albendazole, the T7 loop and pβVII (p < 0.05). We suggest that the binding of the ligands to the polymerization site of β-tubulin can lead a microtubule disruption. Furthermore, we found that triclabendazole sulphone exhibited significantly higher binding affinity than other ligands (p < 0.05) across all isotypes of β-tubulin. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation has yielded new insight on the mechanism of action of triclabendazole and its sulphometabolites on F. hepatica β-tubulin through computational tools. These findings have significant implications for ongoing scientific research ongoing towards the discovery of novel therapeutics to treat F. hepatica infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Olivares-Ferretti
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoparasitology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltrán
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Flery Fonseca-Salamanca
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoparasitology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco, Chile.
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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9
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Morales C, Arias-Carrasco R, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Seron P, Lanas F, Salazar LA, Saavedra N. Differences in Bacterial Small RNAs in Stool Samples from Hypercholesterolemic and Normocholesterolemic Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087213. [PMID: 37108373 PMCID: PMC10138442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is important at the physiological level as well as in several diseases, with small RNA being an element to consider in terms of its epigenetic control. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify differences between bacterial small RNAs present at the gut level in hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic individuals. Twenty stool samples were collected from hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic subjects. RNA extraction and small RNA sequencing were performed, followed by bioinformatics analyses with BrumiR, Bowtie 2, BLASTn, DESeq2, and IntaRNA, after the filtering of the reads with fastp. In addition, the prediction of secondary structures was obtained with RNAfold WebServer. Most of the small RNAs were of bacterial origin and presented a greater number of readings in normocholesterolemic participants. The upregulation of small RNA ID 2909606 associated with Coprococcus eutactus (family Lachnospiraceae) was presented in hypercholesterolemic subjects. In addition, a positive correlation was established between small RNA ID 2149569 from the species Blautia wexlerae and hypercholesterolemic subjects. Other bacterial and archaeal small RNAs that interacted with the LDL receptor (LDLR) were identified. For these sequences, the prediction of secondary structures was also obtained. There were significant differences in bacterial small RNAs associated with cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Morales
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco 4801076, Chile
| | - Raul Arias-Carrasco
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases-ACCDiS, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Pamela Seron
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781151, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4781151, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Paez I, Prado Y, Loren P, Ubilla CG, Rodríguez N, Salazar LA. Cholesterol-Related lncRNAs as Response Predictors of Atorvastatin Treatment in Chilean Hypercholesterolemic Patients: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030742. [PMID: 36979720 PMCID: PMC10045917 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are currently the treatment of choice for hypercholesterolemia. However, wide interindividual variability has been observed in the response to treatment. Recent studies have reported the role of lncRNAs in the metabolism of lipids; nevertheless, there are few studies to date that show their role in the response to treatment with statins. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the levels of expression of three lncRNAs (RP1-13D10.2; MANTIS; lncHR1) associated with genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in leukocyte cells of hypercholesterolemic patients after treatment with atorvastatin and compare them with levels in subjects with normal cholesterol levels. A secondary aim was to assess the levels of expression in monocytic THP-1 cells differentiated to macrophages. The study included 20 subjects with normal cholesterol (NC) levels and 20 individuals with hypercholesterolemia (HC). The HC patients were treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/day/4 weeks). THP-1 cells were differentiated to macrophages with PMA and treated with different doses of atorvastatin for 24 h. Expression of lncRNAs was determined by RT-qPCR. The lncRNAs RP1-13D10.2 (p < 0.0001), MANTIS (p = 0.0013) and lncHR1 (p < 0.0001) presented increased expression in HC subjects compared with NC subjects. Furthermore, atorvastatin had a negative regulatory effect on the expression of lncHR1 (p < 0.0001) in HC subjects after treatment. In vitro, all the lncRNAs showed significant differences in expression after atorvastatin treatment. Our findings show that the lncRNAs tested present differential expression in HC patients and play a role in the variability reported in the response to atorvastatin treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the biological impact of these lncRNAs on cholesterol homeostasis and treatment with statins.
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11
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Arias C, Sepúlveda P, Castillo RL, Salazar LA. Relationship between Hypoxic and Immune Pathways Activation in the Progression of Neuroinflammation: Role of HIF-1α and Th17 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043073. [PMID: 36834484 PMCID: PMC9964721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common event in degenerative diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, triggered by alterations in the immune system or inflammatory cascade. The pathophysiology of these disorders is multifactorial, whereby the therapy available has low clinical efficacy. This review propounds the relationship between the deregulation of T helper cells and hypoxia, mainly Th17 and HIF-1α molecular pathways, events that are involved in the occurrence of the neuroinflammation. The clinical expression of neuroinflammation is included in prevalent pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. In addition, therapeutic targets are analyzed in relation to the pathways that induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7500922, Chile
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L. Castillo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence:
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12
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Morales C, Rojas G, Rebolledo C, Rojas-Herrera M, Arias-Carrasco R, Cuadros-Orellana S, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Saavedra K, Leal P, Lanas F, Salazar LA, Saavedra N. Characterization of microbial communities from gut microbiota of hypercholesterolemic and control subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:943609. [PMID: 36523636 PMCID: PMC9745040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.943609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, several studies have evidenced the importance of the microbiome to host physiology as metabolism regulator, along with its potential role in triggering various diseases. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic (cases) and normocholesterolemic (controls) individuals to identify characteristic microbial signature for each condition. Methods Stool samples were obtained from 57 adult volunteers (27 hypercholesterolemic and 30 controls). The taxonomic profiling of microbial communities was performed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons, followed by data analysis using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Results Significant differences were observed in weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the groups (p<0.05). LEfSe showed differentially abundant prokaryotic taxa (α=0.05, LDA score > 2.0) in the group of hypercholesterolemic individuals (Methanosphaera, Rothia, Chromatiales, Clostridiales, Bacillaceae and Coriobacteriaceae) and controls (Faecalibacterium, Victivallis and Selenomonas) at various taxonomic levels. In addition, through the application of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2), the predominance of pathways related to biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemic patients was established, compared to controls in which degradation pathways were predominant. Finally, in the analysis of co-occurrence networks, it was possible to identify associations between the microorganisms present in both studied groups. Conclusion Our results point out to unique microbial signatures, which likely play a role on the cholesterol metabolism in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Morales
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabriel Rojas
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camilo Rebolledo
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rojas-Herrera
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile,Subdepartamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Arias-Carrasco
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Cuadros-Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Química y Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Biorecursos BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,*Correspondence: Nicolás Saavedra,
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Lugones Y, Loren P, Salazar LA. Cisplatin Resistance: Genetic and Epigenetic Factors Involved. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101365. [PMID: 36291573 PMCID: PMC9599500 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is the drug of choice against different types of cancer. However, tumor cells can acquire resistance to the damage caused by cisplatin, generating genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the generation of resistance and the activation of intrinsic resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. Among them, we can find mutations, alternative splicing, epigenetic-driven expression changes, and even post-translational modifications of proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CDDP resistance develops are not clear but are believed to be multi-factorial. This article highlights a description of cisplatin, which includes action mechanism, resistance, and epigenetic factors involved in cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliannis Lugones
- Doctoral Programme in Sciences with Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-452-596-724
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14
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Arencibia A, Salazar LA. Microarray meta-analysis reveals IL6 and p38β/MAPK11 as potential targets of hsa-miR-124 in endothelial progenitor cells: Implications for stent re-endothelization in diabetic patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964721. [PMID: 36176980 PMCID: PMC9513120 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the repair processes of damaged vessels, favoring re-endothelization of stented vessels to minimize restenosis. EPCs number and function is diminished in patients with type 2 diabetes, a known risk factor for restenosis. Considering the impact of EPCs in vascular injury repair, we conducted a meta-analysis of microarray to assess the transcriptomic profile and determine target genes during the differentiation process of EPCs into mature ECs. Five microarray datasets, including 13 EPC and 12 EC samples were analyzed, using the online tool ExpressAnalyst. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was done by Limma method, with an | log2FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.05. Combined p-value by Fisher exact method was computed for the intersection of datasets. There were 3,267 DEGs, 1,539 up-regulated and 1,728 down-regulated in EPCs, with 407 common DEGs in at least four datasets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed enrichment for terms related to “AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications.” Intersection of common DEGs, KEGG pathways genes and genes in protein-protein interaction network (PPI) identified four key genes, two up-regulated (IL1B and STAT5A) and two down-regulated (IL6 and MAPK11). MicroRNA enrichment analysis of common DEGs depicted five hub microRNA targeting 175 DEGs, including STAT5A, IL6 and MAPK11, with hsa-miR-124 as common regulator. This group of genes and microRNAs could serve as biomarkers of EPCs differentiation during coronary stenting as well as potential therapeutic targets to improve stent re-endothelization, especially in diabetic patients.
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Loren P, Lugones Y, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, Páez I, Rodriguez N, Moriel P, Salazar LA. MicroRNAs Involved in Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway during Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Potential Use of Natural Products against DDP-Induced Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091206. [PMID: 36139046 PMCID: PMC9496062 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), DDP) is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of solid tumors because of its extensive cytotoxic activity. However, the main limiting side effect of DDP use is nephrotoxicity, a rapid deterioration in kidney function due to toxic chemicals. Several studies have shown that epigenetic processes are involved in DDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), a class of epigenetic processes, are molecules that regulate gene expression under physiological and pathological conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most characterized class of ncRNAs and are engaged in many cellular processes. In this review, we describe how different miRNAs regulate some pathways leading to cell death by apoptosis, specifically the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Accordingly, many classes of natural products have been tested for their ability to prevent DDP-induced apoptosis. The study of epigenetic regulation for underlying cell death is still being studied, which will allow new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of this unwanted disease, which is presented as a side effect of antineoplastic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Yuliannis Lugones
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctoral Programme in Sciences with major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isis Páez
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctoral Programme in Sciences with major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nelia Rodriguez
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctoral Programme in Sciences with major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083970, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-452-596-724
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Rojas GA, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, Hevia M, Morales C, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure Triggers Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in BALB/c Mice: A Pilot Study. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10090497. [PMID: 36136462 PMCID: PMC9504903 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The particulate matter present in air pollution is a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles that vary in size, origin, and composition, among which are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although exposure to PAHs has become an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the mechanisms by which these compounds contribute to increased cardiovascular risk have not been fully explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PAH exposure on systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of endothelial dysfunction. An intervention was designed using a murine model composed of twenty BALB/c male mice separated into controls and three groups exposed to a mixture of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene using three different concentrations. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of adhesion molecules located on endothelial cells along with inflammatory markers related to PAH exposure in aortic tissue were determined. Furthermore, the expression of the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins was evaluated. The data showed significant differences in IL-6 and IFN-γ in the serum. In the gene expression, significant differences for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-Selectin were observed. The results suggest that phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, present in air pollution, stimulate the increase in serum inflammatory cytokines and the expression of markers of endothelial dysfunction in the murine model studied, both relevant characteristics associated with the onset of disease atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Rojas
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Montserrat Hevia
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristian Morales
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Herrera-Bravo J, Beltrán JF, Huard N, Saavedra K, Saavedra N, Alvear M, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Anthocyanins Found in Pinot Noir Waste Induce Target Genes Related to the Nrf2 Signalling in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071239. [PMID: 35883728 PMCID: PMC9311808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is a source of anthocyanins, which can prevent cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant properties. Anthocyanin activity is associated with the ability to regulate oxidative stress through the transcription factor Nrf2. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate if the anthocyanins found in Pinot noir pomace extract can affect the target genes related to the Nrf2 signalling pathway in endothelial cells. Our results highlight that the predominant anthocyanin in the Pinot noir pomace extract was malvidin-3-glucoside (3.7 ± 2.7 Eq. Malv-3-glu/kg). Molecular docking indicated that cyanidin-3-glucoside (-6.9 kcal/mol), malvidin-3-glucoside (-6.6 kcal/mol) and peonidin-3-glucoside (-6.6 kcal/mol) showed the highest affinities for the binding sites of the BTB domains in Keap1, suggesting that these components may modify the interaction of this protein with Nrf2. In addition, when HUVEC cells were exposed to different concentrations of Pinot noir pomace extract (100 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL, and 400 µg/mL), no changes in Nrf2 gene expression were observed. However, the gene expression of HO-1 and NQO1, which are in the signalling pathway of this transcription factor, increased according the concentrations of the extract (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0084, respectively). In summary, our results show that anthocyanins play a very important role in Nrf2 activation and release, while at the same time not promoting its transcription. These preliminary results strongly suggest that the Pinot noir pomace extract can serve as a potent bioactive component source that protects cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4700000, Chile
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Marysol Alvear
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4700000, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Saavedra K, Leal K, Saavedra N, Prado Y, Paez I, Ubilla CG, Rojas G, Salazar LA. MicroRNA-20a-5p Downregulation by Atorvastatin: A Potential Mechanism Involved in Lipid-Lowering Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095022. [PMID: 35563413 PMCID: PMC9104095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of hypercholesterolemia is mainly based on statins. However, the response to pharmacological therapy shows high inter-individual variability, resulting in variable effects in both lipid lowering and risk reduction. Thus, a better understanding of the lipid-lowering mechanisms and response variability at the molecular level is required. Previously, we demonstrated a deregulation of the microRNA expression profile in HepG2 cells treated for 24 h with atorvastatin, using a microarray platform. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-20a-5p and hsa-miR-106a-5p in hypercholesterolemic patients before and after atorvastatin treatment and in HepG2 cells treated for 24 h with atorvastatin The miRNA hsa-mir-20a-5p was repressed after atorvastatin treatment in hypercholesteremic subjects and in HepG2 cells in culture. Repression of hsa-mir-20a-5p increased LDLR gene and protein expression in HepG2 cells, while hsa-mir-20a-5p overexpression reduced LDLR gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Karla Leal
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Yalena Prado
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
| | - Isis Paez
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
| | - Carmen G. Ubilla
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
| | - Gabriel Rojas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (K.S.); (K.L.); (N.S.); (Y.P.); (I.P.); (C.G.U.); (G.R.)
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Loren P, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, De Godoy Torso N, Visacri MB, Moriel P, Salazar LA. Contribution of MicroRNAs in Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in the Top Five Deadliest Cancer: An Updated Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831099. [PMID: 35444536 PMCID: PMC9015654 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is a well-known anticancer drug used for the treatment of numerous human cancers in solid organs, including bladder, breast, cervical, head and neck squamous cell, ovarian, among others. Its most important mode of action is the DNA-platinum adducts formation, inducing DNA damage response, silencing or activating several genes to induce apoptosis; these mechanisms result in genetics and epigenetics modifications. The ability of DDP to induce tumor cell death is often challenged by the presence of anti-apoptotic regulators, leading to chemoresistance, wherein many patients who have or will develop DDP-resistance. Cancer cells resist the apoptotic effect of chemotherapy, being a problem that severely restricts the successful results of treatment for many human cancers. In the last 30 years, researchers have discovered there are several types of RNAs, and among the most important are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a class of RNAs that are not involved in protein production, but they are implicated in gene expression regulation, and representing the 98% of the human genome non-translated. Some ncRNAs of great interest are long ncRNAs, circular RNAs, and microRNAs (miRs). Accumulating studies reveal that aberrant miRs expression can affect the development of chemotherapy drug resistance, by modulating the expression of relevant target proteins. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance development is fundamental for setting strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Therefore, this review aimed to identify and summarize miRs that modulate chemoresistance in DDP-resistant in the top five deadliest cancer, both in vitro and in vivo human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Guzmán-Oyarzo D, Hernández-Montelongo J, Rosas C, Leal P, Weber H, Alvear M, Salazar LA. Controlled Release of Caffeic Acid and Pinocembrin by Use of nPSi-βCD Composites Improves Their Antiangiogenic Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030484. [PMID: 35335862 PMCID: PMC8955862 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polyphenols have great pharmacological potential, the main disadvantage is that they have low bioavailability at the desired site. Thus, the use of biocompatible systems for drug delivery is a strategy that is currently gaining great interest. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation of caffeic acid and pinocembrin on the antioxidant and antiangiogenic activity of both polyphenols, by the use of nPSi-βCD composite microparticles. For this HUVEC, cells were exposed to H2O2 and to treatments with polyphenols in solution and loaded in the composite microparticle. The polyphenols were incorporated into a microparticle using nanoporous silicon, chitosan and a β-cyclodextrin polymer as the biomaterial. The evaluation of the antiangiogenic effect of the treatments with polyphenols in solution and microencapsulated was carried out through functional tests, and the changes in the expression of target genes associated with the antioxidant pathway and angiogenesis was performed through qPCR. The results obtained show that the caffeic acid and pinocembrin have an antioxidant and antiangiogenic activity, both in solution as microencapsulated. In the caffeic acid, a greater biological effect was observed when it was incorporated into the nPSi-βCD composite microparticle. Our results suggest that the nPSi-βCD composite microparticle could be used as an alternative oral drug administration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Guzmán-Oyarzo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Cruz 1577, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Jacobo Hernández-Montelongo
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile;
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos 1163, Valdivia 5110693, Chile;
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CETM) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (P.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CETM) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (P.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Marysol Alvear
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-259-6724
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Olivares-Ferretti P, Orellana-Cáceres JJ, Salazar LA, Fonseca-Salamanca F. Fascioliasis prevalence in livestock from abattoirs in southern Chile. AUSTRAL J VET SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322022000100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Godoy K, Sandoval C, Manterola-Barroso C, Salinas P, Salazar LA, Rojas M. Evaluación de la Mineralización en Mandíbula y Diente de Trucha Arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido de Presión Variable Acoplada a Detector de Espectroscopía de Rayos X de Energía Dispersiva. INT J MORPHOL 2022. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022022000200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arias C, Salazar LA. Autophagy and Polyphenols in Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010421. [PMID: 35008847 PMCID: PMC8745146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis in different tissues. This process declines in cartilage due to aging, which is correlated with osteoarthritis (OA), a multifactorial and degenerative joint disease. Several studies show that microRNAs regulate different steps of autophagy but only a few of them participate in OA. Therefore, epigenetic modifications could represent a therapeutic opportunity during the development of OA. Besides, polyphenols are bioactive components with great potential to counteract diseases, which could reverse altered epigenetic regulation and modify autophagy in cartilage. This review aims to analyze epigenetic mechanisms that are currently associated with autophagy in OA, and to evaluate whether polyphenols are used to reverse the epigenetic alterations generated by aging in the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (ICHA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-259-6724
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de Godoy Torso N, Pereira JKN, Visacri MB, Vasconcelos PENS, Loren P, Saavedra K, Saavedra N, Salazar LA, Moriel P. Dysregulated MicroRNAs as Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12765. [PMID: 34884570 PMCID: PMC8657822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to map out and summarize scientific evidence on dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) that can be possible biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin nephrotoxicity and have already been tested in humans, animals, or cells. In addition, an in silico analysis of the two miRNAs found to be dysregulated in the majority of studies was performed. A literature search was performed using eight databases for studies published up to 4 July 2021. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data; disagreements were resolved by a third and fourth reviewers. A total of 1002 records were identified, of which 30 met the eligibility criteria. All studies were published in English and reported between 2010 and 2021. The main findings were as follows: (a) miR-34a and miR-21 were the main miRNAs identified by the studies as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets of cisplatin nephrotoxicity; (b) the in silico analysis revealed 124 and 131 different strongly validated targets for miR-34a and miR-21, respectively; and (c) studies in humans remain scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine de Godoy Torso
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083894, Brazil; (N.d.G.T.); (J.K.N.P.); (M.B.V.); (P.E.N.S.V.)
| | - João Kleber Novais Pereira
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083894, Brazil; (N.d.G.T.); (J.K.N.P.); (M.B.V.); (P.E.N.S.V.)
| | - Marília Berlofa Visacri
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083894, Brazil; (N.d.G.T.); (J.K.N.P.); (M.B.V.); (P.E.N.S.V.)
| | | | - Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083970, Brazil
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Visacri MB, Nicoletti AS, Pincinato EC, Loren P, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, Salazar LA, Moriel P. Role of miRNAs as biomarkers of COVID-19: a scoping review of the status and future directions for research in this field. Biomark Med 2021; 15:1785-1795. [PMID: 34784802 PMCID: PMC8601154 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: miRNAs are potential biomarkers of several diseases. This review aimed to identify the miRNAs that could serve as biomarkers of COVID-19. Materials & methods: A literature search of nine databases was carried out for studies published before 13 June 2021 that described dysregulated miRNAs in cells or animals infected by SARS-CoV-2 or in patients with COVID-19. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted data; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Results: Twenty studies were included in this scoping review; results suggested that miR-21-5p, miR-146a, miR-126-3p, miR-144 and miR-155 are the most important dysregulated miRNAs that could serve as biomarkers for diagnosing and indicating the severity of COVID-19. miRNAs appear to play key roles in viral replication, proliferation of infected cells, immune response, inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction. Conclusion: This review provides insights into the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in COVID-19 and the current status and future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília B Visacri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Aline S Nicoletti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Eder C Pincinato
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Scientific & Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-871, Brazil
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Gálvez AS, Ramírez H, Placencia P, Rojas C, Urzúa X, Kalergis AM, Salazar LA, Escobar-Vera J. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein E, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Are Associated With Serum Lipid Levels in Northern Chilean Subjects. A Pilot Study. Front Genet 2021; 12:640956. [PMID: 34616421 PMCID: PMC8488364 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of allelic variants is relevant to demonstrate associations among genetic background and susceptibility to develop cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of death in Chile. Association of APOB, APOE, and MTHFR polymorphisms with higher lipid levels and the risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases have been described. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess genotype distribution and relative allelic frequency of ApoB rs693, ApoE rs7412, ApoE rs429358, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1801133 allelic variants and their effects on lipid profile in young healthy men and women from Northern Chile. A group of 193 healthy subjects were enrolled for this study. Genotyping of rs693 (APOB), rs7412 and rs429358 (APOE), and rs1801131 and rs1801133 (MTHFR) polymorphisms were performed by real time PCR. In addition, lipid profiles were determined and associated to genetic data. The genotype distribution was APOB rs693 (CC = 37%, CT = 41%, and TT = 22%), APOE rs7412/rs429358 (E4 = 0.06, E3 = 0.91, and E2 = 0.03), MTHFR rs1801131 (AA = 57%, AC = 30%, and CC = 13%), and MTHFR rs1801133 (CC = 20%, CT = 47%, and TT = 33%). The association of the genetic variants with plasma lipid levels showed that women, but not men, carrying APOB mutated allele (T) and Apo E4 allele presented lower values of total cholesterol when compared with C/C homozygous genotype or E3 allele, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, a subgroup analysis revealed that ApoB C/C homozygous women exhibited higher values of HDL-C when compared with men carrying identical genotype (p < 0.01). On the other hand, women carrying E4 allele exhibited lower values of triglycerides when compared with male carrying identical genotype (p < 0.05). Finally, women carrying mutate allele (C) for MTHFR rs1801131 showed lower levels of triglycerides when compared with A/A homozygous genotype (p < 0.05) and lower levels of LDL-C for MTHFR rs1801133 in females carrying (T) allele when compared with males carrying identical genotype (p < 0.05). In summary, the present data showed that APOB, APOE, and MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated to lipid levels in a gender-dependent manner among healthy subjects from Northern Chile, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hugo Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Pablo Placencia
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ximena Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Biología Molecular & Farmacogenética, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Escobar-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Artigas-Arias M, Olea MA, San-Martín-Calísto Y, Huard N, Durán-Vejar F, Beltrán-Fuentes F, Muñoz-Fernández A, Alegría-Molina A, Sapunar J, Salazar LA, Marzuca-Nassr GN. Anthropometric Parameters, Lower Limb Functionality and Quality of Life After High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Young People Versus Older Adults. INT J MORPHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022021000501337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Díaz E, Salazar LA. Effects of Four Lipid Metabolism-Related Polymorphisms on Body Composition Improvements After 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and Dietary Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Adult Women: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712787. [PMID: 34539437 PMCID: PMC8440869 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms in lipid metabolism-related genes have been associated with obesity and body composition, but these have been scarcely described concerning the magnitude of the response to exercise interventions in the overweight/obese population. Objective: To evaluate the association of perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs1052700 and rs2304795), lipoprotein lipase (rs283), and adrenoceptor beta 3 (rs4994) polymorphisms with high and low responders (LoRes) to fat mass reduction after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, we examined the effect of these genetic variants on body composition changes. Methods: Forty-three unrelated overweight/obese adult women were incorporated and genotyped, of which 30 women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed the 12-week supervised HIIT program plus an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet. Results: An association was observed between the PLIN1 rs1052700 polymorphism with high and LoRes (χ2 = 8.138; 2 df; p = 0.01). Moreover, after the intervention, the carriers of TT genotype of PLIN1 rs1052700 as compared to AA and AT showed a greater reduction in absolute fat mass (Δ: −5.1 ± 1.8 vs. − 1.8 ± 1.4 vs. − 2.1 ± 2.3 kg; p = 0.04). The effect size of this fat mass reduction between TT and AT genotypes was a mean difference of −3.01 kg [95%IC − 4.88– − 1.1], and between TT and AA genotypes was −3.29 kg [95%IC − 4.86– − 1.65]. No differences were observed for other polymorphisms investigated. Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs1052700 (14995A>T) polymorphism of the PLIN1 gene is associated with a differential response to fat mass reduction after a 12-week intervention in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, women with the TT genotype of this genetic variant showed greater changes in fat mass than AA and AT genotypes. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Exercise, Movement and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erik Díaz
- Exercise, Movement and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Jara EL, Salazar LA, Kregiel D, Uprety Y, Akram M, Iqbal M, Martorell M, Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Daştan SD, Cruz-Martins N, Ozdemir FA, Kumar M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:6331630. [PMID: 34539970 PMCID: PMC8448605 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6331630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual-directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER-independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti-inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best-known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL Group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol 1200, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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30
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Leal K, Saavedra K, Rebolledo C, Salazar LA. MicroRNAs hsa-miR-618 and hsa-miR-297 Might Modulate the Pleiotropic Effects Exerted by Statins in Endothelial Cells Through the Inhibition of ROCK2 Kinase: in-silico Approach. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:704175. [PMID: 34485404 PMCID: PMC8415262 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.704175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that statin therapy improves endothelial function by cholesterol-independent mechanisms called “pleiotropic effects.” These are due to the inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK kinase pathway, its inhibition being an attractive atheroprotective treatment. In addition, recent work has shown that microRNAs, posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, can affect the response of statins and their efficacy. For this reason, the objective of this study was to identify by bioinformatic analysis possible new microRNAs that could modulate the pleiotropic effects exerted by statins through the inhibition of ROCK kinases. A bioinformatic study was performed in which the differential expression of miRNAs in endothelial cells was compared under two conditions: Control and treated with simvastatin at 10 μM for 24 h, using a microarray. Seven miRNAs were differentially expressed, three up and four down. Within the up group, the miRNAs hsa-miR-618 and hsa-miR-297 present as a predicted target to ROCK2 kinase. Also, functional and enriched pathway analysis showed an association with mechanisms associated with atheroprotective effects. This work shows an in-silico approach of how posttranscriptional regulation mediated by miRNAs could modulate the pleiotropic effects exerted by statins on endothelial cells, through the inhibition of ROCK2 kinase and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Leal
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camilo Rebolledo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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31
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Taheri Y, Herrera-Bravo J, Huala L, Salazar LA, Sharifi-Rad J, Akram M, Shahzad K, Melgar-Lalanne G, Baghalpour N, Tamimi K, Mahroo-Bakhtiyari J, Kregiel D, Dey A, Kumar M, Suleria HAR, Cruz-Martins N, Cho WC. Cyperus spp.: A Review on Phytochemical Composition, Biological Activity, and Health-Promoting Effects. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:4014867. [PMID: 34539969 PMCID: PMC8443348 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4014867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyperaceae are a plant family of grass-like monocots, comprising 5600 species with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and tropical regions. Phytochemically, Cyperus is one of the most promising health supplementing genera of the Cyperaceae family, housing ≈950 species, with Cyperus rotundus L. being the most reported species in pharmacological studies. The traditional uses of Cyperus spp. have been reported against various diseases, viz., gastrointestinal and respiratory affections, blood disorders, menstrual irregularities, and inflammatory diseases. Cyperus spp. are known to contain a plethora of bioactive compounds such as α-cyperone, α-corymbolol, α-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, cyperotundone, germacrene D, mustakone, and zierone, which impart pharmacological properties to its extract. Therefore, Cyperus sp. extracts were preclinically studied and reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antiarthritic, antiobesity, vasodilator, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and estrogenic biofunctionalities. Nonetheless, conclusive evidence is still sparse regarding its clinical applications on human diseases. Further studies focused on toxicity data and risk assessment are needed to elucidate its safe and effective application. Moreover, detailed structure-activity studies also need time to explore the candidature of Cyperus-derived phytochemicals as upcoming drugs in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Huala
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Guiomar Melgar-Lalanne
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col Industrial Ánimas, 91192 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Navid Baghalpour
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Tamimi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mahroo-Bakhtiyari
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Martínez-Maturana N, Salazar LA, Díaz E. Physiological Effects and Inter-Individual Variability to 12 Weeks of High Intensity-Interval Training and Dietary Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Adult Women. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713016. [PMID: 34393829 PMCID: PMC8358598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human adaptive response to exercise interventions is often described as group average and SD to represent the typical response for most individuals, but studies reporting individual responses to exercise show a wide range of responses. Objective: To characterize the physiological effects and inter-individual variability on fat mass and other health-related and physical performance outcomes after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. Methods: Thirty untrained adult overweight and obese women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed a 12-week supervised HIIT program and an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet (75% of daily energy requirements) throughout the whole intervention. High and low responders to the intervention were those individuals who were able to lose ≥ 10 and < 10% of initial absolute fat mass (i.e., kilograms), respectively. Results: The prevalence for high and low responders was 33% (n = 11) and 66% (n = 19), respectively. At the whole group level, the intervention was effective to reduce the absolute fat mass (30.9 ± 7.2 vs. 28.5 ± 7.2 kg; p < 0.0001), body fat percentage (39.8 ± 4.3 vs. 37.8 ± 4.9%; p < 0.0001), and total body mass (76.7 ± 10.1 vs. 74.4 ± 9.9 kg; p < 0.0001). In addition, there were improvements in systolic blood pressure (SBP; Δ% = −5.1%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; Δ% = −6.4%), absolute VO2peak (Δ% = +14.0%), relative VO2peak (Δ% = +13.8%), peak power output (PPO; Δ% = +19.8%), anaerobic threshold (AT; Δ% = +16.7%), maximal ventilation (VE; Δ% = +14.1%), and peak oxygen pulse (O2 pulse; Δ% = +10.4%). However, at the individual level, a wide range of effects were appreciated on all variables, and the magnitude of the fat mass changes did not correlate with baseline body mass or fat mass. Conclusion: A 12-week supervised HIIT program added to a slight dietary energy restriction effectively improved fat mass, body mass, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, a wide range of inter-individual variability was observed in the adaptative response to the intervention. Furthermore, subjects classified as low responders for fat mass reduction could be high responders (HiRes) in many other health-related and physical performance outcomes. Thus, the beneficial effects of exercise in obese and overweight women go further beyond the adaptive response to a single outcome variable such as fat mass or total body mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Exercise, Movement, and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Erik Díaz
- Exercise, Movement, and Health Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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33
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Vergara CV, Kitic D, Kostic M, Armstrong L, Shinwari ZK, Khalil AT, Brdar-Jokanović M, Ljevnaić-Mašić B, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Leyva-Gómez G, Herrera-Bravo J, Salazar LA, Cho WC. Genus Viburnum: Therapeutic Potentialities and Agro-Food-Pharma Applications. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:3095514. [PMID: 34326915 PMCID: PMC8310452 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3095514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Viburnum (Adoxaceae, Dipsacales) is of scientific interest due to the chemical components and diverse biological activities found across species of the genus, which includes more than 230 species of evergreen, semievergreen, or deciduous shrubs and small trees. Although frequently used as an ornament, the Viburnum species show biological properties with health-promoting effects. Fruits, flowers, and barks of certain species are used for pharmaceutical purposes or as cooking ingredients, hence containing biochemical compounds with health-promoting activity such are carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. However, its taxonomical determination is difficult, due to its wide distribution and frequent hybridizations; therefore, an objective classification would allow us to understand its biological activity based on its phytochemical components. More than sixty phytochemical compounds have been reported, where vibsanin-type diterpenes and their derivatives are the most prevalent. Leaves and twigs of V. dilatatum contain the largest number of phytochemicals among the genus. Through preclinical evidence, this study provides insight regarding antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of genus Viburnum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Cristian Valdés Vergara
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - Dusanka Kitic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Milica Kostic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Ave. Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Lorene Armstrong
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar (25000), KP, Pakistan
| | - Milka Brdar-Jokanović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Alternative Crops and Organic Production Department, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Ljevnaić-Mašić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elena M. Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Beldiletto 1, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Salazar LA, Shaheen S, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Kobarfard F, Imran M, Imran A, Custódio L, Dolores López M, Schoebitz M, Martorell M, Kumar M, Ansar Rasul Suleria H, Cho WC. The Therapeutic Potential of Wogonin Observed in Preclinical Studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:9935451. [PMID: 34221094 PMCID: PMC8221866 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9935451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin is a flavonoid found in different plants such as roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi distributed mainly in Asia and Europe. Dried root extracts of S. baicalensis with high content of wogonin, popularly known as "Huang-Qin" or Chinese or baical skullcap, have been used for long time in traditional Chinese medicine. Several health benefits are attributed to wogonin and derivatives showing anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant effects and more recently antineurodegenerative properties. Preclinical pharmacological activities of wogonin against diverse types of cancer such as breast, colorectal, and human gastric cancer will be presented in this review. In addition, studies on oxidative stress and bioavailability of wogonin will be discussed together with antineurodegenerative potential with special focus on Alzheimer's disease. Outcomes extracted from the last preclinical studies related to therapeutic applications of wogonin will be commented and updated in this review. The scientific evidence collected in this review aims to encourage transfer of the preclinical evidence of wogonin to new clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | | | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics, Institute of Home and Food Sciences Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Building 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - María Dolores López
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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35
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Loren P, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, Zambrano T, Moriel P, Salazar LA. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Update. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060491. [PMID: 34063951 PMCID: PMC8223972 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug used for the treatment of many solid tumors. Among its various side effects, nephrotoxicity is the most detrimental. In recent years, epigenetic regulation has emerged as a modulatory mechanism of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, involving non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation and histone modifications. These epigenetic marks alter different signaling pathways leading to damage and cell death. In this review, we describe how different epigenetic modifications alter different pathways leading to cell death by apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, among others. The study of epigenetic regulation is still under development, and much research remains to fully determine the epigenetic mechanisms underlying cell death, which will allow leading new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Loren
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Patricia Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (P.L.); (N.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-452-596-724
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Ubilla CG, Prado Y, Angulo J, Obreque I, Paez I, Saavedra N, Saavedra K, Zambrano T, Salazar LA. MicroRNA-33b is a Potential Non-Invasive Biomarker for Response to Atorvastatin Treatment in Chilean Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674252. [PMID: 34093203 PMCID: PMC8175777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated so far indicates that circulating levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with several pathologies. Therefore, differential expression of extracellular miRNAs exhibits promising potential for screening and diagnosis purposes. We evaluated plasma miRNAs in response to the lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and controls. METHODS We selected miRNAs based on previous data reported by our group and also by employing bioinformatics tools to identify 10 miRNAs related to cholesterol metabolism and statin response genes. Following miRNA identification, we determined plasma levels of miRNA-17-5p, miRNA-30c-5p, miRNA-24-3p, miRNA-33a-5p, miRNA-33b-5p, miRNA-29a-3p, miRNA-29b-3p, miRNA-454-3p, miRNA-590-3p and miRNA-27a-3p in 20 HC patients before and after 1 month of 20 mg/day atorvastatin treatment, evaluating the same miRNA set in a group of 20 healthy subjects, and employing qRT-PCR to determine differential miRNAs expression. RESULTS HC individuals showed significant overexpression of miRNA-30c-5p and miRNA-29b-3p vs. NL (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Once cholesterol-lowering treatment was concluded, HC individuals showed a substantial increase of three extracellular miRNAs (miRNA-24-3p, miRNA-590, and miRNA-33b-5p), the latter elevated more than 37-fold (p = 0.0082). CONCLUSION Data suggest that circulating miRNA-30c-5p and miRNA-29b-3p are associated with hypercholesterolemia. Also, atorvastatin induces a strong elevation of miRNA-33b-5p levels in HC individuals, which could indicate an important function that this miRNA may exert upon atorvastatin therapy. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of this particular miRNA in statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gloria Ubilla
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yalena Prado
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jeremy Angulo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ignacio Obreque
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Isis Paez
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Salazar LA, Delporte C, Barra GV, Cazar Ramirez ME, López MD, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Cruz-Martins N, Martorell M. Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Native Chilean Plants. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:953-970. [PMID: 33234091 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201124105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The native flora of Chile has unique characteristics due to the geographical situation of the country, with the vast desert in the North, Patagonia in the South, the Andean Mountains on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. This exclusivity is reflected in high concentrations of phytochemicals in the fruits and leaves of its native plants. Some examples are Aristotelia chilensis (Molina), Stuntz (maqui), Berberis microphylla G. Forst. (calafate), Peumus boldus Molina (boldo), Ribes magellanicum Poir. (Magellan currant), Ugni molinae Turcz. (murtilla), Rubus geoides Sm. (miñe miñe), Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (canelo), Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret (arrayán) distributed throughout the entire Chilean territory. Some of these Chilean plants have been used for centuries in the country's traditional medicine. The most recent studies of phytochemical characterization of parts of Chilean plants show a wide spectrum of antioxidant compounds, phenolic components, terpenoids and alkaloids, which have shown biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This manuscript covers the entire Chilean territory characterizing the phytochemical profile and reporting some of its biological properties, focusing mainly on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activity, and potential against diabetes, metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Carla Delporte
- Departamento de Quimica Farmacologica y Toxicologica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Valenzuela Barra
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Maria-Elena Cazar Ramirez
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Group, Universidad de Cuenca. Department of Applied Chemistry and Production Systems. Chemical Sciences Faculty. Av. 12 de Abril s/n, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Maria Dolores López
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII-Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII-Bio Bio Region, Chile
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Peña AM, Rosales M, Salazar LA, Jimenez SI, Luna-Gonzalez M, Vasquez D, Reyes DL, Amaya MA, Ochoa ME, Rey JJ, Sossa C. Survival According to Conditioning Regimens in Patients Who Underwent HLA-Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in a Single Center in Colombia. Transplant Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(21)00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Herrera-Bravo J, Beltrán-Lissabet JF, Saavedra K, Saavedra N, Hevia M, Alvear M, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Protective effect of Pinot noir pomace extract against the cytotoxicity induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 148:111947. [PMID: 33359405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants found in the air generated mainly by the combustion of coal or biomass burning. Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons is positively correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Phenolic compounds are widely found in the plant kingdom, and their availability from agri-food processing waste has led to an increased interest in their recovery. The production of large amounts of organic waste created by the wine industry has emphasized the valuation of these wastes to generate high-added-value by-products. The objective of this work was to investigate the protective effect of Pinot noir pomace extract on human endothelial cells against PAHs found in the polluted air of Temuco, Chile. The pomace extract was characterized by spectrophotometric analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results revealed the presence of 5 glycosylated anthocyanins and 9 low molecular weight polyphenols. Molecular docking indicated that cyanidin-3-glucoside (-9.2 kcal/mol) and quercetin (-9.6 kcal/mol) had the highest affinities for the Nrf2 binding site in the Keap1 protein, suggesting a possible competition with this transcription factor. Endothelial cells from the human umbilical vein were exposed to increasing concentrations of Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, and Pyrene diluted in DMSO in a ratio of 3:1:1 (10 μM-200 μM). Viability through the MTS assay showed that 150 μM of PAHs was sufficient to reduce viability by 75% (p ˂ 0.0001). When the cells were pre-treated with 400 μg/ml of the extract, 150 μM of PAHs did not exert cell death (80% viability). Our preliminary results show that polyphenolic components found in Pinot noir pomace might have a beneficial effect as a protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltrán-Lissabet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Monserrat Hevia
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Marysol Alvear
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile.
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Burgos V, Paz C, Saavedra K, Saavedra N, Foglio MA, Salazar LA. Drimenol, isodrimeninol and polygodial isolated from Drimys winteri reduce monocyte adhesion to stimulated human endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Arias C, Saavedra N, Leal K, Vásquez B, Abdalla DSP, Salazar LA. Histological Evaluation and Gene Expression Profiling of Autophagy-Related Genes for Cartilage of Young and Senescent Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228607. [PMID: 33203108 PMCID: PMC7697851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that protects cells from stress by digesting non-functional cellular components. In the cartilage, chondrocytes depend on autophagy as a principal mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. This protective role diminishes prior to the structural damage that normally occurs during aging. Considering that aging is the main risk factor for osteoarthritis, evaluating the expression of genes associated with autophagy in senescent cartilage might allow for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for treatment. Thus, we studied two groups of young and senescent rats. A histological analysis of cartilage and gene expression quantification for autophagy-related genes were performed. In aged cartilage, morphological changes were observed, such as an increase in cartilage degeneration as measured by the modified Mankin score, a decrease in the number of chondrocytes and collagen II (Col2a1), and an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13). Moreover, 84 genes associated with autophagy were evaluated by a PCR array analysis, and 15 of them were found to be significantly decreased with aging. Furthermore, an in silico analysis based on by two different bioinformatics software tools revealed that several processes including cellular homeostasis, autophagosome assembly, and aging—as well as several biological pathways such as autophagy, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (serine/threonine kinase) signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling—were enriched. In conclusion, the analysis identified some potential targets for osteoarthritis treatment that would allow for the development of new therapeutic strategies for this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 1090, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Karla Leal
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica 1000007, Chile;
| | - Dulcineia S. P. Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-259-6724
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Burgos V, Paz C, Saavedra K, Saavedra N, Foglio MA, González-Chavarría I, Salazar LA. Drimys winteri and isodrimeninol decreased foam cell formation in THP-1 derived macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111842. [PMID: 33152471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Early stages of atherosclerosis are characterizated for the uptake of oxidate low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by inflammatory macrophages in the arteries, promoting the foam cell formation. Drimys winteri is a native tree of Chile that produce drimane sesquiterpenoids, here it was evaluated the inhibitory foam cell formation by the total extract of barks of Drimys winteri and isodrimeninol, a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the tree. The results showed that Dw and isodrimeninol inhibited the foam cell formation on macrophage M1, by Oil Red O staining. Moreover, Dw reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, in contrast to isodrimeninol that showed not effect on the gene expression of this cytokine, also Dw enhanced the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, in more significant manner than isodrimeninol at 20 μg/mL. While, Dw and isodrimeninol significantly reduced the expression of IL1-β at concentrations of 20 μg/mL, but not affecting the MMP-9 levels, assessed by RT-qPCR. In conclusion, Drimys winteri and isodrimeninol induce anti-atherosclerotic effects, inhibiting foam cell formation, as well as promoting anti-inflammatory responses. This study confirm the relevance of this tree as a medicinal source for the Mapuche people, and suggesting that Drimys winteri could be used in early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Burgos
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristian Paz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, SP, 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, Núcleo de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Cuevas A, Saavedra N, Salazar LA, Cavalcante MF, Silva JC, Abdalla DSP. Prodigiosin Modulates the Immune Response and Could Promote a Stable Atherosclerotic Lession in C57bl/6 Ldlr-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176417. [PMID: 32899258 PMCID: PMC7504388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose progression and stability are modulated, among other factors, by an innate and adaptive immune response. Prodiginines are bacterial secondary metabolites with antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities; however, their effect on the progression or vulnerability of atheromatous plaque has not been evaluated. This study assessed the therapeutic potential of prodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin on inflammatory marker expression and atherosclerosis. An in vitro and in vivo study was carried out. Migration, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and angiogenesis assays were performed on cell types involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. In addition, male LDL receptor null (Ldlr-/-) C57BL/6J mice were treated with prodigiosin or undecylprodigiosin for 28 days. Morphometric analysis of atherosclerotic plaques, gene expression of atherogenic factors in the aortic sinus and serum cytokine quantification were performed. The treatments applied had slight effects on the in vitro tests performed, highlighting the inhibitory effect on the migration of SMCs (smooth muscle cells). On the other hand, although no significant difference in atherosclerotic plaque progression was observed, gene expression of IL-4 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) was downregulated. In addition, 50 µg/Kg/day of both treatments was sufficient to inhibit circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in serum. These results suggested that prodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin modulated inflammatory markers and could have an impact in reducing atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cuevas
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Manuel Montt 112, Temuco CP 4781176, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Laboratorio—CeMLab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Manuel Montt 112, Temuco CP 4781176, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-2744333
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Laboratorio—CeMLab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Manuel Montt 112, Temuco CP 4781176, Chile;
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco CP 4811230, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco CP 4811230, Chile;
| | - Marcela F. Cavalcante
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (M.F.C.); (J.C.S.); (D.S.P.A.)
| | - Jacqueline C. Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (M.F.C.); (J.C.S.); (D.S.P.A.)
| | - Dulcineia S. P. Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (M.F.C.); (J.C.S.); (D.S.P.A.)
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Saavedra N, Lanas FT, Saavedra K, Andara K, Hevia M, Seron P, Salazar LA. CHANGES IN PLASMA LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS BETWEEN LOW AND HIGH AIR POLLUTION SEASONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)30816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Olivares-O P, Riquelme MP, Leiva-A P, Salazar LA, Guzmán-Oyarzo D, Rosas-C C. Efecto Antiangiogénico del Ácido Cafeico y Pinocembrina en el Proceso de Angiogénesis Fisiológica de Fetos de Pollo. INT J MORPHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022020000100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
In-stent restenosis corresponds to the diameter reduction of coronary vessels following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), an invasive procedure in which a stent is deployed into the coronary arteries, producing profuse neointimal hyperplasia. The reasons for this process to occur still lack a clear answer, which is partly why it remains as a clinically significant problem. As a consequence, there is a vigorous need to identify useful non-invasive biomarkers to differentiate and follow-up subjects at risk of developing restenosis, and due to their extraordinary stability in several bodily fluids, microRNA research has received extensive attention to accomplish this task. This review depicts the current understanding, diagnostic potential and clinical challenges of microRNA molecules as possible blood-based restenosis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Andrade-Mayorga O, Lavados-Romo P, Valdebenito C, Herrera CL, Carrasco C, Salazar LA. Polimorfismo Genético ACTN3 R577X en Deportistas Universitarios Chilenos. INT J MORPHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022019000401493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Saavedra K, Leal K, Zapata D, Sagardia S, Ortega F, Zambrano T, Saavedra N, Salazar LA. P4460microRNA-17-5p and microRNA-20a-5p downregulation by atorvastatin in Hepg2 cells: a new mechanism involved in the lipid-lowering therapy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of coronary artery disease and its pharmacological treatment has demonstrated, besides reducing cholesterol levels, a decrease in the incidence and mortality from coronary events. The treatment of hypercholesterolemia is mainly driven by using statins. However, the response to pharmacological therapy shows high inter-individual variability, resulting in a variable effect in both lipid lowering and risk reduction. Thus, a better understanding of lipid-lowering mechanism and response variability at molecular level is required. Previously, we demonstrated a deregulation of microRNA (miR) profile in HepG2 cells after atorvastatin treatment, including the downregulation of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p which potentially targets the LDL receptor gene (LDLR), suggesting that it might be involved in allowing the LDLR overexpression on the surface of hepatic cells to subsequently capture circulating LDL and to reach the expected lipid-lowering effect.
Purpose
To determine the role of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p on the regulation of LDLR gene expression in HepG2 cells.
Methods
Cells HepG2 were treated with atorvastatin 10μM for 24 hours. RNA extraction and enrichment of smallRNAs were performed. The gene expression of miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-106a-5p and LDLR were evaluated. To evaluate the effect of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p on LDLR gene expression, both miRs were overexpressed or repressed by transfection of mimics or inhibitors respectively into HepG2 cells for 24, 48 and 72 Hours. The gene expression of LDLR was quantified by real time PCR using RPL27 gene as reference gene. The protein expression of LDLR and beta actin were evaluated using western blot and quantified using the ImageJ software.
Results
Our data showed that atorvastatin significantly repressed the expression of miR-17-5p (P<0.0001) and miR-20a-5p (P=0.0456) in HepG2 cells. In silico studies showed that miR-17-5p interact with the 3'-UTR region of the LDLR. Consistently, when miR-17-5p or miR-20a-5p were overexpressed by using mimics, we observed that gene and protein expression of LDLR decreased significantly (P<0.0001 and P<0.05 respectively). Consistently, when miR-17-5p or miR-20a-5p were repressed by the use inhibitors, we observed that the gene and protein expression of LDLR increases significantly (P<0.005).
Conclusions
In conclusion, we demonstrate that atorvastatin induces a significant down-regulation of the miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p in HepG2 cells. The overexpression or repression regulate the gene and protein expression of LDLR.
Acknowledgement/Funding
FONDECYT N°3160567, FONDECYT N°1171765 and DIUFRO DI19-0094
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saavedra
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - K Leal
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - D Zapata
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - S Sagardia
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - F Ortega
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - T Zambrano
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - N Saavedra
- University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Rojas C, Ramírez H, Salazar LA, Kalergis AM, Gálvez AS, Escobar-Vera J. Characterization of LDLR rs5925 and PCSK9 rs505151 genetic variants frequencies in healthy subjects from northern Chile: Influence on plasma lipid levels. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e23001. [PMID: 31441123 PMCID: PMC6868413 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification and characterization of genetic variants and their effects on human health may allow to establish relationships between genetic background and susceptibility to developing cardiovascular diseases. LDLR and PCSK9 polymorphisms have been associated with higher lipid levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate genotype distribution and relative allelic frequency of LDLR rs5925 (1959C > T) and PCSK9 rs505151 (23968 A > G) genetic variants and their effects on lipid levels of healthy subjects from northern Chile. Methods A total of 178 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. The genotyping of rs5925 (LDLR) and rs505151 (PCSK9) polymorphisms was performed by PCR‐RFLP and qPCR, respectively. In addition, glucose and lipid levels were determined and associated with the genetic data. Results Genotype distribution for LDLR rs5925 polymorphism was as follows: CC = 19%; CT = 53%; and TT = 28% (HWE: χ2 = 0.80; P = .37), and for PCSK9 rs505151 genetic variant was as follows: AA = 93%; AG = 7%; and GG = 0% (HWE: χ2 = 0.22; P = .64). The frequency of T (rs5925) and G (rs505151) mutated alleles was 0.55 and 0.03, respectively. Data showed that individuals carrying LDLR mutated allele (T) presented lower values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL‐cholesterol when compared to CC homozygous genotype (P < .05). Subgroup analysis revealed that women carrying the PCSK9 mutated allele (G) exhibited higher values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C when compared to male group carrying the same genotype (P < .05). Conclusions The effect of LDLR rs5925 and PCSK9 rs505151 gene polymorphisms on lipid levels is associated with gender among healthy subjects from northern Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hugo Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Centro de Biología Molecular & Farmacogenética, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anita S Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge Escobar-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Guzmán-Oyarzo D, Plaza T, Recio-Sánchez G, Abdalla DSP, Salazar LA, Hernández-Montelongo J. Use of nPSi-βCD Composite Microparticles for the Controlled Release of Caffeic Acid and Pinocembrin, Two Main Polyphenolic Compounds Found in a Chilean Propolis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E289. [PMID: 31248192 PMCID: PMC6630447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is widely recognized for its various therapeutic properties. These are attributed to its rich composition in polyphenols, which exhibit multiple biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic). Despite its multiple benefits, oral administration of polyphenols results in low bioavailability at the action site. An alternative to face this problem is the use of biomaterials at nano-micro scale due to its high versatility as carriers and delivery systems of various drugs and biomolecules. The aim of this work is to determine if nPSi-βCD microparticles are a suitable material for the load and controlled release of caffeic acid (CA) and pinocembrin (Pin), two of the main components of a Chilean propolis with anti-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic activity. Polyphenols and nPSi-βCD microparticles cytocompatibility studies were carried out with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results from physicochemical characterization demonstrated nPSi-βCD microparticles successfully retained and controlled release CA and Pin. Furthermore, nPSi-βCD microparticles presented cytocompatibility with HUVECs culture at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL. These results suggest that nPSi-βCD microparticles could safely be used as an alternate oral delivery system to improve controlled release and bioavailability of CA or Pin-and eventually other polyphenols-thus enhancing its therapeutic effect for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Guzmán-Oyarzo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Tanya Plaza
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Recio-Sánchez
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
| | - Dulcineia S P Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Jacobo Hernández-Montelongo
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
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