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Soto-Domínguez A, Salas-Treviño D, Guillén-Meléndez GA, Castillo-Velázquez U, Ballesteros-Elizondo RG, Montes-de-Oca-Saucedo CR, Villa-Cedillo SA, Morales-Ávalos R, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Saucedo-Cárdenas O. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical traits of apoptosis induced by peroxisomicine A1 (toxin T-514) from Karwinskia parvifolia in kidney and lung. Toxicon X 2022; 17:100148. [PMID: 36593898 PMCID: PMC9803956 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomicine A1 (PA1) is a toxin isolated from the Karwinskia genus plants whose target organs are the liver, kidney, and lung. In vitro studies demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by PA1 in cancer cell lines, and in vivo in the liver. Apoptosis has a wide range of morphological features such as cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blistering, loss of microvilli, cytoplasm, and chromatin condensation, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies that are phagocytized by resident macrophages or nearby cells. Early stages of apoptosis can be detected by mitochondrial alterations. We investigated the presence of apoptosis in vivo at the morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical levels in two target organs of PA1: kidney and lung. Sixty CD-1 mice were divided into three groups (n = 20): untreated control (ST), vehicle control (VH), and PA1 intoxicated group (2LD50). Five animals of each group were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-intoxication. Kidney and lung were examined by morphometry, histopathology, ultrastructural, and DNA fragmentation analysis. Pre-apoptotic mitochondrial alterations were present at 4 h. Apoptotic bodies were observed at 8 h and increased over time. TUNEL positive cells were detected as early as 4 h, and the DNA ladder pattern was observed at 12 h and 24 h. The liver showed the highest value of fragmented DNA, followed by the kidney and the lung. We demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by a toxic dose of PA1 in the kidney and lung in vivo. These results could be useful in understanding the mechanism of action of this compound at toxic doses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Daniel Salas-Treviño
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Gloria A. Guillén-Meléndez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes. General Escobedo, N. L, C.P. 66050, Mexico
| | - Raquel G. Ballesteros-Elizondo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Carlos R. Montes-de-Oca-Saucedo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Sheila A. Villa-Cedillo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Morales-Ávalos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología. Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Rodríguez-Tovar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes. General Escobedo, N. L, C.P. 66050, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Av. Madero y E. Aguirre-Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N.L, C.P. 64460, Mexico
- Corresponding author. Departamento de Histología Facultad de Medicina, UANL, Monterrey, N.L, 64460, Mexico.
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González-Machorro JR, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Gómez-Flores R, Soto-Dominguez A, Rodríguez-Rocha H, Garcia-García A, Tamez-Guerra P, Castillo-Velázquez U. Increased phagocytosis and growth inhibition of Encephalitozoon cuniculi by LPS-activated J774A.1 murine macrophages. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1841-1848. [PMID: 31001676 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate macrophage parasite of vertebrates that commonly infects rodents, monkeys, dogs, birds, and humans. In the present study, we aimed to assess the phagocytosis and intracellular survival of E. cuniculi spores using untreated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated J774A.1 murine macrophages and assess the macrophage viability. The experimental groups comprised untreated spores, spores killed by heat treatment at 90 °C, and spores killed by treatment with 10% formalin. LPS-activated macrophages significantly increased the phagocytosis of spores and reduced their intracellular growth after 24 and 48 h (P < 0.01); however, after 72 h, we observed an increase in spore replication but no detectable microbicidal activity. These results indicate that LPS activation enhanced E. cuniculi phagocytosis between 24 and 48 h of treatment, but the effect was lost after 72 h, enabling parasitic growth. This study contributes to the understanding of the phagocytosis and survival of E. cuniculi in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R González-Machorro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Inmunología Veterinaria, Campus de Agricultura y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda el Canadá, CP 66050, Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - L E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Inmunología Veterinaria, Campus de Agricultura y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda el Canadá, CP 66050, Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - R Gómez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - A Soto-Dominguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - H Rodríguez-Rocha
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Histología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - A Garcia-García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Inmunología Veterinaria, Campus de Agricultura y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda el Canadá, CP 66050, Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - P Tamez-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - U Castillo-Velázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Inmunología Veterinaria, Campus de Agricultura y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Colonia Ex-Hacienda el Canadá, CP 66050, Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Soto-Domínguez A, Rodríguez-Rocha H, García-García A, Saucedo-Cárdenas O, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Castillo-Velázquez U. Mature congenital intraneural teratoma in cerebellum of pig. Histol Histopathol 2018; 34:159-165. [PMID: 30183058 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biological behavior of teratomas depends on several interdependent clinical and epidemiological variables such as age at diagnosis, sex, tumor microenvironment, and tumor morphology, among others. All these variables are correlated to different cytogenetic and molecular aberrations (Harms et al., 2006). There are null reports of teratomas in pigs. The aim of this study was to characterize the tissues present in a mature congenital intraneural teratoma in the cerebellum area of a Landrace female pig of 6-7 weeks old. In this study, tissue control samples were used to validate each staining method. Sections from the teratoma showed normal histology of the cerebellum, including rounded Purkinje neurons with abundant cytoplasm, euchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli; glial cells with a scarce amount of cytoplasm and small and highly basophile-nuclei (compact chromatin) and axonal tracts (white matter). Interestingly, we also observed areas with tissues different from the nervous tissue, including bundles of well-defined skeletal muscle fibers with a striated pattern and peripheral nuclei; hyaline cartilage plaques, with prominent presence of chondrocytes in their lagoons forming isogenous groups surrounded by a territorial and interterritorial matrix; trabeculated bone tissue; and adipocytes, which are ring-shaped cells with peripheral flattened nuclei, as a result of the presence of a central large lipid droplet. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe a congenital intraneural mature teratoma in the cerebellum of a pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Aracely García-García
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, México
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, México.,Northeastern Biomedical Research Center (CIBIN), IMSS, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Luis E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, México
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, México.
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José Zárate-Ramos JJ, Gómez-Garza MA, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Escareño JH, Contreras-Lozano JA. An Alternative Treatment Against Acanthocephala ( Prosthenorchis elegans) in Captive Squirrel Monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus) in Mexico. J Parasitol 2018; 104:574-575. [PMID: 30019983 DOI: 10.1645/17-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide the first report of Acanthocephala ( Prosthenorchis elegans) in Mexican non-human primates. There has been no known treatment against this parasite except for surgical removal, and this has been relatively ineffective because of the small juveniles. We report the presence of P. elegans in a captive breeding colony of squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus) in Mexico, and we describe a successful treatment protocol. Treatment involved 2 steps: oral administration of the drugs loperamide chlorhydrate (0.5 mg/0.9 kg/3 days) and niclosamide (0.2 mg/0.9 kg/3 days) followed by surgical removal of adult worms from the intestine. Fecal examination during treatment revealed live adults but no living juveniles and no eggs. Surgery after 1 wk of treatment revealed the presence of adults and an absence of juvenile parasites. All adults were physically extracted during the surgery. All subjects recovered from surgery within 1 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J José Zárate-Ramos
- 1 Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Francisco Villa s/n Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P., 66050, México
| | - M A Gómez-Garza
- 2 Laboratorio de Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Francisco Villa s/n Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P., 66050, México
| | - L E Rodríguez-Tovar
- 3 Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Francisco Villa s/n Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P., 66050, México
| | - J Hernández Escareño
- 1 Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Francisco Villa s/n Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P., 66050, México
| | - J A Contreras-Lozano
- 1 Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Campus Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Francisco Villa s/n Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P., 66050, México
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Nevárez-Garza AM, Castillo-Velázquez U, Soto-Domínguez A, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, Zamora-Ávila DE, Wong-González A, Rodríguez-Tovar LE. Quantitative analysis of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 expression, nitric oxide response, and apoptosis in Encephalitozoon cuniculi-infected rabbits. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 81:235-243. [PMID: 29229442 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-10, as well as apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in the brain and kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbits infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. All of the animals had clinical signs histopathological lesions compatible with encephalitozoonosis and were E. cuniculi-positive by using a carbon immunoassay test. Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection promoted the expression of TNF-α and NO production in the kidneys of infected rabbits, and a synergic effect was observed in animal treated with dexamethasone. The IL-4 expression was similar in the brain and kidneys of infected rabbits, regardless of their immunologic status. The IL-10 mRNA expression in the brain of infected immunosuppressed rabbits was elevated when compared with positive controls. Apoptosis of granuloma mononuclear-like cells was detected in immunocompetent E. cuniculi-infected rabbits, but it was more evident in infected-immunosuppressed animals. Nitric oxide levels were elevated both in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed infected animals, but it was more apparent in the kidneys. These data suggest that modulation of the immune response by E. cuniculi could contribute to the survival of the parasite within phagocytic cells in granulomas via an as yet undetermined mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Nevárez-Garza
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., C.P. 66050, Mexico
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., C.P. 66050, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- Cuerpo Académico de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, UANL, Monterrey, N. L., C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - R Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- Cuerpo Académico de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, UANL, Monterrey, N. L., C.P. 64460, Mexico
| | - Diana E Zamora-Ávila
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., C.P. 66050, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Wong-González
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., C.P. 66050, Mexico
| | - Luis E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., C.P. 66050, Mexico.
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Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Villarreal-Marroquín A, Nevárez-Garza AM, Castillo-Velázquez U, Rodríguez-Ramírez HG, Navarro-Soto MC, Zárate-Ramos JJ, Hernández-Vidal G, Trejo-Chávez A. Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:269-277. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716668559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an important microsporidian pathogen that is considered an emergent, zoonotic, and opportunistic. It infects both domestic and laboratory rabbits, generating severe chronic interstitial and granulomatous nephritis with fibrosis and granulomatous encephalitis. Encephalitozoonosis is diagnosed in paraffin-embedded sections by examining the spores in the host tissues. The spores are difficult to observe when the samples are stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), particularly when there is an inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The spores are easily mistaken for other microorganisms, such as fungi (yeasts), protozoa, and bacteria. In our study, we used kidney samples from E. cuniculi–positive rabbits and employed 14 recommended histologic stains for detecting microsporidia spores: alcian blue, calcofluor white, Giemsa, Gram, Grocott, H&E, Luna, Luxol fast blue, Masson trichrome, modified trichrome stain (MTS), periodic acid–Schiff reaction (PAS), Van Gieson, Warthin–Starry (WS), and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN).We concluded that MTS and Gram stain, detected by light microscopy, and calcofluor white stain, detected by ultraviolet light microscopy, are the best stains for detecting spores of E. cuniculi in paraffin-embedded tissues from infected rabbits. These stains were superior to WS, ZN, Giemsa, and PAS for identifying spores without background “noise” or monochromatic interference. Also, they allow individual spores to be discerned in paraffin-embedded tissues. MTS allows observation of the polar tube, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole, the most distinctive parts of the spore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Rodríguez-Tovar
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Villarreal-Marroquín
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alicia M. Nevárez-Garza
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Heidi G. Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Magda C. Navarro-Soto
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juán J. Zárate-Ramos
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Hernández-Vidal
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Armando Trejo-Chávez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (Rodríguez, Villarreal, Nevárez, Castillo, Rodríguez, Navarro, Trejo), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria (Zarate), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología (Hernández), Department of Immunology, FMVZ-UANL, Campus de Ciencias Agropecuarias, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Castillo-Velázquez U, Arce-Mendoza AY, Nevárez-Garza AM, Zarate-Ramos JJ, Hernández-Vidal G, Rodríguez-Ramírez HG, Trejo-Chávez A. Interferon γ and interleukin 10 responses in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbits naturally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 62:82-88. [PMID: 27156850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 were measured in the serum of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbits naturally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. IFN-γ levels were elevated in infected rabbits, and a synergic effect was observed in animals treated with the immunosuppressive agent dexamethasone (Dex). The role of IL-10 in infected rabbits remains unclear, as IL-10 levels were similar to those of negative controls. Dex appeared to exhibit a proinflammatory effect, as IFN-γ levels were elevated in infected immunosuppressed rabbits. Similarly, Dex exhibited a synergic effect in infected immunosuppressed rabbits, as evidenced by the elevation in IFN-γ production. These data indicate that the immune response to this glucocorticoid should be considered in the design of future animal model studies of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico.
| | - Alma Y Arce-Mendoza
- Cuerpo Académico de Inmunología Clínica y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, UANL, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64460, Mexico
| | - Alicia M Nevárez-Garza
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico
| | - Juan J Zarate-Ramos
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiologia Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Hernández-Vidal
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico
| | - Heidi G Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico
| | - Armando Trejo-Chávez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, UANL, General Escobedo, N. L., CP 66050, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Nevárez-Garza AM, Trejo-Chávez A, Hernández-Martínez CA, Hernández-Vidal G, Zarate-Ramos JJ, Castillo-Velázquez U. Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Grading the Histological Lesions in Brain, Kidney, and Liver during Primoinfection Outbreak in Rabbits. J Pathog 2016; 2016:5768428. [PMID: 27022485 PMCID: PMC4789044 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5768428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first confirmed report of Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) in farm meat rabbits located in Northern Mexico. Eighty young rabbits exhibited clinical signs of this zoonotic emerging disease, like torticollis, ataxia, paresis, circling, and rolling. Samples of brain, kidney, and liver were examined for histology lesions. For the first time the lesions caused by E. cuniculi were graded according to their severity (I, II, and III) and the size of the granulomas (Types A, B, and C). The main cerebral injuries were Grade III, coinciding with the presence of Type C granulomas. The cerebral lesions were located in the cortex, brain stem, and medulla. The renal lesions were also Grade III distributed throughout cortex and renal medulla, with no granuloma formation. The involvement of hypersensitivity Types III and IV is suggested. All of the rabbits were seropositive to E. cuniculi by CIA testing, suggesting that this zoonotic and emerging pathogen is widely distributed among animals intended for human consumption. We believe this work could be used as a guide when examining E. cuniculi and will provide direction to confirm the diagnosis of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Rodríguez-Tovar
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
| | - Alicia M. Nevárez-Garza
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
| | - Armando Trejo-Chávez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Hernández-Martínez
- Cuerpo Académico de Nutrición y Forrajes, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Hernández-Vidal
- Cuerpo Académico de Patobiología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Zarate-Ramos
- Cuerpo Académico de Epidemiología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
| | - Uziel Castillo-Velázquez
- Cuerpo Académico de Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Calle Francisco Villa s/n, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, 66050 Escobedo, NL, Mexico
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Ramírez-Romero R, Nevárez-Garza AM, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Wong-González A, Ledezma-Torres RA, Hernández-Vidal G. Histopathological analogies in chronic pulmonary lesions between cattle and humans: basis for an alternative animal model. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:647403. [PMID: 22629176 PMCID: PMC3353567 DOI: 10.1100/2012/647403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the natural cases of pneumonia in feedlot cattle are characterized by a longer clinical course due to chronic lung lesions. Microscopically, these lesions include interstitial fibroplasia, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans, and epithelial metaplasia of the airways. Herein, the aim was to review, under a medical perspective, the pathologic mechanisms operating in these chronic pneumonic lesions in calves. Based on the similarities of these changes to those reported in bronchiolitis obliterans/organising pneumonia (BO/OP) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in human beings, calves are proposed as an alternative animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramírez-Romero
- Pathobiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
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Trejo-Chávez A, Ramírez-Romero R, Ancer-Rodríguez J, Nevárez-Garza AM, Rodríguez-Tovar LE. Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis in a Southern two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus). J Comp Pathol 2010; 144:231-4. [PMID: 20961559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A Southern two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus), originally acquired from French Guiana, died while maintained in quarantine in a pet store in Monterrey, Mexico. Large yeast cells with multiple buds compatible with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were observed in disseminated granulomatous lesions in the lungs, liver, spleen and kidney. Transmission electron microscopical examination supported the diagnosis. This is the first report of paracoccidioidomycosis in a two-toed sloth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trejo-Chávez
- Laboratorio Central Regional de Monterrey, Comité para el Fomento y Protección Pecuaria del Estado de Nuevo León, A.C., Terrenos de la Exposición Ganadera, Ciudad Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Becker JA, Markham RJF, Speare DJ. Induction time for resistance to microsporidial gill disease caused by Loma salmonae following vaccination of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a spore-based vaccine. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 21:170-5. [PMID: 16464612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to re-infection of rainbow trout to Loma salmonae, a microsporidian gill parasite has been previously documented and this study examined how rapidly this resistance develops. Naive rainbow trout were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with an inactivated spore-based vaccine and were then given an oral challenge with a high dose of L. salmonae spores at various weeks after being vaccinated. Non-vaccinated naive fish (exposed group) were challenged alongside of each group of vaccinated fish to ensure that the challenges were relatively standardised. In each group of fish, four weeks after the challenge, numbers of xenomas were counted on a gill arch for all fish. Vaccinated trout were completely resistant to a L. salmonae challenge six weeks after vaccination, although the onset of resistance began at approximately week 3, as observed with a reduction in the percent infected and xenoma intensity. The maximum percent infected for the vaccinated fish was 83% following a challenge two weeks following vaccination, whereas for the exposed group the maximum prevalence of 100% was reached several times. With continued research, a spore-based vaccine for L. salmonae has the potential to become the first commercially available parasite vaccine for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, CP 64930 Monterrey, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Wright GM, Wadowska DW, Speare DJ, Markham RJF. Ultrastructural study of the late stages of Loma salmonae development in the gills of experimentally infected rainbow trout. J Parasitol 2003; 89:464-74. [PMID: 12880243 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0464:usotls]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to examine the ultrastructural features of gills from rainbow trout experimentally infected with Loma salmonae to determine the morphological events that occur during the late stages of development of this parasite. Peripheral distribution of the mature parasites inside round xenomas was observed at weeks 5 and 6 postexposure (PE), but eventually the parasite occupied the entire xenoma. Degenerative changes were observed only in immature parasites at week 7 PE, and eventually an inflammatory reaction with a cellular infiltration was directed against mature spores. Round, flattened, and irregular shaped xenomas were observed at week 8 PE. The round xenomas showed a severe inflammatory response with disintegration of the xenoma membrane. This event was accompanied by eversion of polar tubes within the attacked xenoma and by the simultaneous presence of 2 tubular appendages, the type I and II tubules. Flattened xenomas were observed below the endothelium of gill lamella arteries. The irregular xenomas were located in the connective tissue of the gill filament and showed multiple projections occupied by spores. Both flattened and irregular xenomas showed no evidence of inflammatory reaction. An earlier proposed hypothesis is expanded to explain how L. salmonae is implanted beneath lamellar endothelium and within filament connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, UPEI, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
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Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Wright GM, Wadowska DW, Speare DJ, Markham RJF. Ultrastructural study of the early development and localization of Loma salmonae in the gills of experimentally infected rainbow trout. J Parasitol 2002; 88:244-53. [PMID: 12053993 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0244:usoted]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The early ultrastructural stages of Loma salmonae were studied in the gills of experimentally infected rainbow trout. No parasitic stages were identified during the first 2 wk of the infection. By week 3 postexposure (PE), uninucleate and binucleate meronts were recognized within host cells (no xenomas) associated with the capillary channels of secondary lamellae and lamellar arteries. An inflammatory reaction was absent. In secondary lamellae, infected cells were isolated from the capillary lumen, and some were recognized as pillar cells. In lamellar arteries, infected cells were localized beneath the endothelium and not in the lumen. Inflammatory reaction and destruction of parasites inside blood cells in the lumen of secondary lamellae were observed by week 4 PE. Three hypotheses, i.e., isolation, internalization, and evasion, are proposed to explain the localization of the infected cells in the gills. It is concluded that meronts are the earliest parasitic stage observed by week 3 PE, pillar cells are secondarily infected by phagocytosis of infected cells in the blood, endothelial cells of gills are not infected, and inflammatory response to the parasite starts by week 4 PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Rodríguez-Tovar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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