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Cai W, Köndgen S, Tolksdorf K, Dürrwald R, Schuler E, Biere B, Schweiger B, Goerlitz L, Haas W, Wolff T, Buda S, Reiche J. Atypical age distribution and high disease severity in children with RSV infections during two irregular epidemic seasons throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Germany, 2021 to 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300465. [PMID: 38551098 PMCID: PMC10979527 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.13.2300465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic affected respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation worldwide.AimTo describe, for children aged < 5 years, the 2021 and 2022/23 RSV seasons in Germany.MethodsThrough data and 16,754 specimens from outpatient sentinel surveillance, we investigated RSV seasonality, circulating lineages, and affected children's age distributions in 2021 and 2022/23. Available information about disease severity from hospital surveillance was analysed for patients with RSV-specific diagnosis codes (n = 13,104). Differences between RSV seasons were assessed by chi-squared test and age distributions trends by Mann-Kendall test.ResultsRSV seasonality was irregular in 2021 (weeks 35-50) and 2022/23 (weeks 41-3) compared to pre-COVID-19 2011/12-2019/20 seasons (median weeks 51-12). RSV positivity rates (RSV-PR) were higher in 2021 (40% (522/1,291); p < 0.001) and 2022/23 (30% (299/990); p = 0.005) than in prior seasons (26% (1,430/5,511)). Known globally circulating RSV-A (lineages GA2.3.5 and GA2.3.6b) and RSV-B (lineage GB5.0.5a) strains, respectively, dominated in 2021 and 2022/23. In 2021, RSV-PRs were similar in 1 - < 2, 2 - < 3, 3 - < 4, and 4 - < 5-year-olds. RSV hospitalisation incidence in 2021 (1,114/100,000, p < 0.001) and in 2022/23 (1,034/100,000, p < 0.001) was approximately double that of previous seasons' average (2014/15-2019/20: 584/100,000). In 2022/23, proportions of RSV patients admitted to intensive care units rose (8.5% (206/2,413)) relative to pre-COVID-19 seasons (6.8% (551/8,114); p = 0.004), as did those needing ventilator support (6.1% (146/2,413) vs 3.8% (310/8,114); p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh RSV-infection risk in 2-4-year-olds in 2021 and increased disease severity in 2022/23 possibly result from lower baseline population immunity, after NPIs diminished exposure to RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Unit 36, Respiratory Infections, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Köndgen
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Consultant Laboratory for RSV, PIV and HMPV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Tolksdorf
- Unit 36, Respiratory Infections, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Consultant Laboratory for RSV, PIV and HMPV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Biere
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Schweiger
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luise Goerlitz
- Unit 36, Respiratory Infections, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Haas
- Unit 36, Respiratory Infections, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Consultant Laboratory for RSV, PIV and HMPV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Buda
- Unit 36, Respiratory Infections, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Reiche
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Consultant Laboratory for RSV, PIV and HMPV, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Lanièce Delaunay C, Martínez-Baz I, Sève N, Domegan L, Mazagatos C, Buda S, Meijer A, Kislaya I, Pascu C, Carnahan A, Oroszi B, Ilić M, Maurel M, Melo A, Sandonis Martín V, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Enouf V, McKenna A, Pérez-Gimeno G, Goerlitz L, de Lange M, Rodrigues AP, Lazar M, Latorre-Margalef N, Túri G, Castilla J, Falchi A, Bennett C, Gallardo V, Dürrwald R, Eggink D, Guiomar R, Popescu R, Riess M, Horváth JK, Casado I, García MDC, Hooiveld M, Machado A, Bacci S, Kaczmarek M, Kissling E. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 BA.1/BA.2 lineages among adults and adolescents in a multicentre primary care study, Europe, December 2021 to June 2022. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300403. [PMID: 38551095 PMCID: PMC10979526 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.13.2300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundScarce European data in early 2021 suggested lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages than previous variants.AimWe aimed to estimate primary series (PS) and first booster VE against symptomatic BA.1/BA.2 infection and investigate potential biases.MethodsThis European test-negative multicentre study tested primary care patients with acute respiratory symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 in the BA.1/BA.2-dominant period. We estimated PS and booster VE among adults and adolescents (PS only) for all products combined and for Comirnaty alone, by time since vaccination, age and chronic condition. We investigated potential bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination and explored effect modification and confounding by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsAmong adults, PS VE was 37% (95% CI: 24-47%) overall and 60% (95% CI: 44-72%), 43% (95% CI: 26-55%) and 29% (95% CI: 13-43%) < 90, 90-179 and ≥ 180 days post vaccination, respectively. Booster VE was 42% (95% CI: 32-51%) overall and 56% (95% CI: 47-64%), 22% (95% CI: 2-38%) and 3% (95% CI: -78% to 48%), respectively. Primary series VE was similar among adolescents. Restricting analyses to Comirnaty had little impact. Vaccine effectiveness was higher among older adults. There was no signal of bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Confounding by previous infection was low, but sample size precluded definite assessment of effect modification.ConclusionPrimary series and booster VE against symptomatic infection with BA.1/BA.2 ranged from 37% to 42%, with similar waning post vaccination. Comprehensive data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection would help disentangle vaccine- and infection-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noémie Sève
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clara Mazagatos
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silke Buda
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Irina Kislaya
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catalina Pascu
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Beatrix Oroszi
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maja Ilić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health (CIPH), Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Aryse Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Institut Pasteur, Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBnet), Plateforme de Microbiologie Mutualisée (P2M), Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoires (CNR VIR), Paris, France
| | - Adele McKenna
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gloria Pérez-Gimeno
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBERESP, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luise Goerlitz
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marit de Lange
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mihaela Lazar
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gergő Túri
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Charlene Bennett
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virtudes Gallardo
- Dirección General de Salud Pública y Ordenación Farmacéutica, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Eggink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Judit Krisztina Horváth
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Del Carmen García
- Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Mérida, Spain
| | | | - Ausenda Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marlena Kaczmarek
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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Maurel M, Howard J, Kissling E, Pozo F, Pérez-Gimeno G, Buda S, Sève N, McKenna A, Meijer A, Rodrigues AP, Martínez-Baz I, Mlinarić I, Latorre-Margalef N, Túri G, Lazăr M, Mazagatos C, Echeverria A, Abela S, Bourgeois M, Machado A, Dürrwald R, Petrović G, Oroszi B, Jancoriene L, Marin A, Husa P, Duffy R, Dijkstra F, Gallardo García V, Goerlitz L, Enouf V, Bennett C, Hooiveld M, Guiomar R, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Višekruna Vučina V, Samuelsson Hagey T, Lameiras Azevedo AS, Castilla J, Xuereb G, Delaere B, Gómez V, Tolksdorf K, Bacci S, Nicolay N, Kaczmarek M, Rose AM. Interim 2023/24 influenza A vaccine effectiveness: VEBIS European primary care and hospital multicentre studies, September 2023 to January 2024. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2400089. [PMID: 38390651 PMCID: PMC10899813 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.8.2400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses circulated in Europe from September 2023 to January 2024, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominance. We provide interim 2023/24 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) estimates from two European studies, covering 10 countries across primary care (EU-PC) and hospital (EU-H) settings. Interim IVE was higher against A(H1N1)pdm09 than A(H3N2): EU-PC influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 IVE was 53% (95% CI: 41 to 63) and 30% (95% CI: -3 to 54) against influenza A(H3N2). For EU-H, these were 44% (95% CI: 30 to 55) and 14% (95% CI: -32 to 43), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Pozo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Pérez-Gimeno
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silke Buda
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noémie Sève
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Adele McKenna
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Paula Rodrigues
- Epidemiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA - CIBERESP, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Mlinarić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gergő Túri
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihaela Lazăr
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Mazagatos
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stephen Abela
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit (IDCU), Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Msida, Malta
| | - Marc Bourgeois
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Ausenda Machado
- Epidemiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Beatrix Oroszi
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ligita Jancoriene
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexandru Marin
- Dr Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petr Husa
- University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Roisin Duffy
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frederika Dijkstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Virtudes Gallardo García
- Servicio de Vigilancia y Salud Laboral, Dirección General de Salud Pública y Ordenación Farmacéutica, Consejería de Salud y Consumo, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Luise Goerlitz
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoire (CNR VIR), Institut Pasteur Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charlene Bennett
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Raquel Guiomar
- Laboratório Nacional Referência Gripe e outros Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Ana Sofía Lameiras Azevedo
- Servicio de vigilancia y control epidemiológico, Subdirección general de Epidemiología y Vigilancia de la Salud, Dirección General de Salud pública, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA - CIBERESP, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gerd Xuereb
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit (IDCU), Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Msida, Malta
| | - Bénédicte Delaere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Verónica Gómez
- Epidemiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kristin Tolksdorf
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Nicolay
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marlena Kaczmarek
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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Maurel M, Pozo F, Pérez‐Gimeno G, Buda S, Sève N, Oroszi B, Hooiveld M, Gomez V, Domegan L, Martínez‐Baz I, Ilić M, Carnahan AS, Mihai ME, Martínez A, Goerlitz L, Enouf V, Horváth JK, Dijkstra F, Rodrigues AP, Bennett C, Trobajo‐Sanmartín C, Mlinarić I, Latorre‐Margalef N, Ivanciuc A, Lopez A, Dürrwald R, Falchi A, Túri G, Meijer A, Melo A, O'Donnell J, Castilla J, Vučina VV, Hagey TS, Lazar M, Kaczmarek M, Bacci S, Kissling E. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe: Results from the 2022-2023 VEBIS (Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies) primary care multicentre study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13243. [PMID: 38204584 PMCID: PMC10777262 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A(H3N2) viruses dominated early in the 2022-2023 influenza season in Europe, followed by higher circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses. The VEBIS primary care network estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a multicentre test-negative study. Materials and Methods Primary care practitioners collected information and specimens from patients consulting with acute respiratory infection. We measured VE against any influenza, influenza (sub)type and clade, by age group, by influenza vaccine target group and by time since vaccination, using logistic regression. Results We included 38 058 patients, of which 3786 were influenza A(H3N2), 1548 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 3275 influenza B cases. Against influenza A(H3N2), VE was 36% (95% CI: 25-45) among all ages and ranged between 30% and 52% by age group and target group. VE against influenza A(H3N2) clade 2b was 38% (95% CI: 25-49). Overall, VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 46% (95% CI: 35-56) and ranged between 29% and 59% by age group and target group. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 clade 5a.2a was 56% (95% CI: 46-65) and 79% (95% CI: 64-88) against clade 5a.2a.1. VE against influenza B was 76% (95% CI: 70-81); overall, 84%, 72% and 71% were among 0-14-year-olds, 15-64-year-olds and those in the influenza vaccination target group, respectively. VE against influenza B with a position 197 mutation of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was 79% (95% CI: 73-85) and 90% (95% CI: 85-94) without this mutation. Conclusion The 2022-2023 end-of-season results from the VEBIS network at primary care level showed high VE among children and against influenza B, with lower VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Pozo
- National Centre for MicrobiologyInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Gloria Pérez‐Gimeno
- National Centre for MicrobiologyInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Silke Buda
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections UnitRobert Koch InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Noémie Sève
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136)ParisFrance
| | - Beatrix Oroszi
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance CentreSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Verónica Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo JorgeLisbonPortugal
| | - Lisa Domegan
- HSE‐Health Protection Surveillance CentreDublinIreland
| | - Iván Martínez‐Baz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Maja Ilić
- Croatian Institute of Public HealthZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Maria Elena Mihai
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | - Ana Martínez
- Subdirección General de Vigilancia y Respuesta a Emergencias de Salud Pública, Agencia de Salud Pública de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Luise Goerlitz
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections UnitRobert Koch InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Centre National de Référence Virus des Infections Respiratoire (CNR VIR), Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Judit Krisztina Horváth
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance CentreSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Frederika Dijkstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Bilthoventhe Netherlands
| | | | - Charlene Bennett
- National Virus Reference LaboratoryUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Camino Trobajo‐Sanmartín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | | | | | - Alina Ivanciuc
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | - Aurora Lopez
- Subdirección General de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de la SaludValenciaSpain
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- National Reference Centre for InfluenzaRobert Koch InstituteBerlinGermany
| | | | - Gergő Túri
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Epidemiology and Surveillance CentreSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Bilthoventhe Netherlands
| | - Aryse Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo JorgeLisbonPortugal
| | | | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | | | | | - Mihaela Lazar
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | | | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlStockholmSweden
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de Vries AEM, Xaba Z, Moraba SR, Goerlitz L, Tempelman HA, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Hermans LE, Scheuermaier K, Devillé WLJM, Vos AG. Unmasking a silent killer: Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among people living with HIV in rural South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:367-373. [PMID: 36920286 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and to identify factors associated with undiagnosed DM in People Living With HIV (PLWH). METHODS Cross-sectional study performed at Ndlovu Medical Center, Limpopo, South Africa including PLWH aged ≥18 years. Between August and November 2017, 356 HIV-positive participants were included. Information was collected on socio-demographics, DM symptoms and risk factors for DM. IGT and DM were diagnosed using random plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM were assessed by comparing participants with newly diagnosed DM to participants without DM. RESULTS IGT was diagnosed in 172 (48.3%) participants. Twenty-nine (8.1%) participants met the definition of DM, of whom 17 (58.6%) were newly diagnosed. Compared to participants without DM, participants with DM were on average five years older, were more likely to have a positive family history for DM, were less physically active and had higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference. Factors associated with undiagnosed DM included age ≥45 years (OR=3.59) and physical inactivity (OR=3.17). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of IGT and DM among PLWH is high and more than half of DM cases were undiagnosed. Regular screening for DM in PLWH is recommended, especially in an aging population with additional cardiovascular disease risk factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek E M de Vries
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zanele Xaba
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Luise Goerlitz
- Ndlovu Care Group, Groblersdal, South Africa.,Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucas E Hermans
- Ndlovu Care Group, Groblersdal, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karine Scheuermaier
- Wits Sleep Laboratory, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Walter L J M Devillé
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Ndlovu Care Group, Groblersdal, South Africa
| | - Alinda G Vos
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Kissling E, Pozo F, Martínez‐Baz I, Buda S, Vilcu A, Domegan L, Mazagatos C, Dijkstra F, Latorre‐Margalef N, Kurečić Filipović S, Machado A, Lazar M, Casado I, Dürrwald R, van der Werf S, O'Donnell J, Linares Dopido JA, Meijer A, Riess M, Višekruna Vučina V, Rodrigues AP, Mihai ME, Castilla J, Goerlitz L, Falchi A, Connell J, Castrillejo D, Hooiveld M, Carnahan A, Ilić M, Guiomar R, Ivanciuc A, Maurel M, Omokanye A, Valenciano M. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021-2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 17:e13069. [PMID: 36702797 PMCID: PMC9835407 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021-2022, influenza A viruses dominated in Europe. The I-MOVE primary care network conducted a multicentre test-negative study to measure influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). METHODS Primary care practitioners collected information on patients presenting with acute respiratory infection. Cases were influenza A(H3N2) or A(H1N1)pdm09 RT-PCR positive, and controls were influenza virus negative. We calculated VE using logistic regression, adjusting for study site, age, sex, onset date, and presence of chronic conditions. RESULTS Between week 40 2021 and week 20 2022, we included over 11 000 patients of whom 253 and 1595 were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively. Overall VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 75% (95% CI: 43-89) and 81% (95% CI: 45-93) among those aged 15-64 years. Overall VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 29% (95% CI: 12-42) and 25% (95% CI: -41 to 61), 33% (95% CI: 14-49), and 26% (95% CI: -22 to 55) among those aged 0-14, 15-64, and over 65 years, respectively. The A(H3N2) VE among the influenza vaccination target group was 20% (95% CI: -6 to 39). All 53 sequenced A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B.1A.5a.1. Among 410 sequenced influenza A(H3N2) viruses, all but eight belonged to clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2. DISCUSSION Despite antigenic mismatch between vaccine and circulating strains for influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09, 2021-2022 VE estimates against circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were the highest within the I-MOVE network since the 2009 influenza pandemic. VE against A(H3N2) was lower than A(H1N1)pdm09, but at least one in five individuals vaccinated against influenza were protected against presentation to primary care with laboratory-confirmed influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Pozo
- National Centre for MicrobiologyInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Iván Martínez‐Baz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra ‐ IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
| | | | - Ana‐Maria Vilcu
- INSERM, Sorbonne UniversitéInstitut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136)ParisFrance
| | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Service Executive‐Health Protection Surveillance CentreDublinIreland
| | - Clara Mazagatos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain,National Centre for EpidemiologyInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Frederika Dijkstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Mihaela Lazar
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | - Itziar Casado
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra ‐ IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
| | | | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut PasteurUniversité Paris Cité, UMR 3569 CNRSParisFrance,CNR virus des infections respiratoires, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Joan O'Donnell
- Health Service Executive‐Health Protection Surveillance CentreDublinIreland
| | - Juan Antonio Linares Dopido
- Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Servicio Extremeño de SaludExtremaduraSpain
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Maria Elena Mihai
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)MadridSpain,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra ‐ IdiSNAPamplonaSpain
| | | | | | - Jeff Connell
- National Virus Reference LaboratoryUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Daniel Castrillejo
- Servicio de Epidemiología, DGSP, Consejería de Políticas Sociales, Salud Pública y Bienestar Animal, Ciudad Autónoma de MelillaMelillaSpain
| | | | | | - Maja Ilić
- Croatian Institute of Public HealthZagrebCroatia
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo JorgeLisbonPortugal
| | - Alina Ivanciuc
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and DevelopmentBucharestRomania
| | | | - Ajibola Omokanye
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlStockholmSweden
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7
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Goerlitz L, Tolksdorf K, Buchholz U, Prahm K, Preuß U, An der Heiden M, Wolff T, Dürrwald R, Nitsche A, Michel J, Haas W, Buda S. [Monitoring of COVID-19 by extending existing surveillance for acute respiratory infections]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:395-402. [PMID: 33760935 PMCID: PMC7988640 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Im Rahmen der nationalen Influenzapandemieplanung wurden in Deutschland neben dem Meldewesen gemäß Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) weitere Überwachungssysteme etabliert. Ziel dieser Systeme sind die Beschreibung, Analyse und Bewertung der Situation bei akuten respiratorischen Erkrankungen (ARE), die Identifikation der hauptsächlich zirkulierenden Atemwegserreger und die Beschreibung des zeitlichen Verlaufs. Seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden die Systeme erweitert, um auch Infektionen mit SARS-CoV‑2 erfassen zu können. In diesem Beitrag werden drei verschiedene Surveillance-Systeme für ARE vorgestellt: GrippeWeb, die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Influenza mit dem SEEDARE-Modul (Sentinel zur elektronischen Erfassung von Diagnosecodes) und das Krankenhaus-Sentinel ICOSARI (ICD-10-code-basierte Krankenhaus-Surveillance schwerer akuter respiratorischer Infektionen). Mit diesen Systemen können ARE auf Bevölkerungsebene, im ambulanten und im stationären Bereich überwacht werden. Zusammen mit dem Monitoring der Mortalität liefern sie wichtige Hinweise zur Häufigkeit verschieden schwerer Krankheitsverläufe in der Bevölkerung. Um die Systeme für SARS-CoV‑2 zu erweitern, waren nur wenige Anpassungen notwendig. Da die Falldefinitionen für ARE nicht geändert wurden, können in den beschriebenen Systemen historische Zeitreihen zum Vergleich herangezogen werden. Alle Systeme sind so aufgebaut, dass stabile und etablierte Bezugsgrößen für die Berechnung von wöchentlichen Anteilen und Raten zur Verfügung stehen. Dies ist eine wichtige Ergänzung zum Meldewesen gemäß IfSG, welches stark von Testkapazitäten und -strategien sowie veränderten Falldefinitionen abhängt. Die Surveillance-Systeme haben sich in der COVID-19-Pandemie auch im internationalen Vergleich als praktikabel und effizient erwiesen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Goerlitz
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kristin Tolksdorf
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Udo Buchholz
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Prahm
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ute Preuß
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Thorsten Wolff
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Zentrum für Biologische Gefahren und Spezielle Pathogene, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Janine Michel
- Zentrum für Biologische Gefahren und Spezielle Pathogene, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Walter Haas
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Silke Buda
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
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8
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an der Heiden M, Bayer C, Goerlitz L, Gilsdorf A. Kontaktpersonen-Nachverfolgung bei möglicher Übertragung von Infektionskrankheiten in öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln, Deutschland. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M an der Heiden
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Bayer
- Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Referat für Gesundheitssicherheit und Infektionsschutzrecht, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Goerlitz
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Gilsdorf
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Berlin, Germany
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