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Patterson JM, Lawton M. Dysphagia Advances in Head and Neck Cancer. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 2023; 11:1-8. [PMID: 36816911 PMCID: PMC9930077 DOI: 10.1007/s40136-023-00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review summarises the current literature regarding head and neck cancer-associated dysphagia. Up-to-date evidence for dysphagia outcome measurement for this population is provided, in addition to recent innovations that aim to prevent, reduce or remediate the common and debilitating side effects of treatment. Recent Findings Both patient-reported outcomes and clinical measures are necessary to capture the multi-dimensional nature of swallowing. A minimally important difference in scores has been calculated for some of these measures, to aid interpretation and powering of clinical trials. The number of dysphagia-related trials has increased, predominantly investigating optimal treatment for oropharyngeal HPV-positive disease, and speech and language pathology interventions using an impairment-based approach. Summary Although substantial progress has been made, further work is necessary to establish a consensus over outcome measures. Modifying treatments may improve outcomes. Several trials are underway to establish the effectiveness of speech and language pathology dysphagia interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Population Health/Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, 1.17 Thompson Yates Building, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB USA
| | - M. Lawton
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Population Health/Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, 1.17 Thompson Yates Building, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB USA
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Abruzzo T, van den Berg R, Vadivelu S, Hetts SW, Dishop M, Cornejo P, Narayanan V, Ramsey KE, Coopwood C, Medici-van den Herik EG, Roosendaal SD, Lawton M, Bernes S. Arterioectatic Spinal Angiopathy of Childhood: Clinical, Imaging, Laboratory, Histologic, and Genetic Description of a Novel CNS Vascular Pathology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1060-1067. [PMID: 35772802 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with myelopathy expressing intradural spinal vascular ectasia without arteriovenous shunting were studied at four tertiary referral neuropediatric centers. Patients were identified by retrospective review of institutional records and excluded if spinal vascular pathology could be classified into a previously described category of spinal vascular malformation. Four patients meeting the study criteria were enrolled in the study. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, catheter-directed angiography, laboratory, histological and genetic data were analyzed to characterize the disease process and elucidate underlying pathomechanisms. Our study revealed a highly lethal, progressive multi-segmental myelopathy associated with a unique form of non-inflammatory spinal angiopathy featuring diffuse enlargement and tortuosity of spinal cord arteries, spinal cord hyperemia, and spinal cord edema (Arterioectatic Spinal Angiopathy of Childhood). The condition was shown to mimic venous congestive myelopathy associated with pediatric spinal cord arteriovenous shunts on MRI but to have distinct pathognomonic findings on catheter-directed angiography. Clinicopathological, genetic, and neuroimaging features, which are described in detail, closely overlap with those of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abruzzo
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Radiology (T.A., P.C., S.B.) .,Department of Child Health (T.A., M.D., P.C., S.B.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - R van den Berg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.v.d.B., S.D.R.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Vadivelu
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S W Hetts
- Department of Radiology (S.W.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M Dishop
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.D.).,Department of Child Health (T.A., M.D., P.C., S.B.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - P Cornejo
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Radiology (T.A., P.C., S.B.).,Department of Child Health (T.A., M.D., P.C., S.B.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - V Narayanan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (V.N., K.E.R.), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - K E Ramsey
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (V.N., K.E.R.), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - C Coopwood
- College of Medicine (C.C.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - S D Roosendaal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (R.v.d.B., S.D.R.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - S Bernes
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Radiology (T.A., P.C., S.B.).,Department of Neurology (S.B.).,Department of Child Health (T.A., M.D., P.C., S.B.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
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Barber TR, Muhammed K, Drew D, Lawton M, Crabbe M, Rolinski M, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Ben‐Shlomo Y, Husain M, Hu MTM. Apathy in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is common and under-recognized. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:469-e32. [PMID: 29114969 PMCID: PMC5838543 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apathy is an important neuropsychiatric feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), which often emerges before the onset of motor symptoms. Patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) have a high probability of developing PD in future. Neuropsychiatric problems are common in RBD, but apathy has not previously been detailed in this key prodromal population. METHODS Eighty-eight patients with polysomnographically proven RBD, 65 patients with PD and 33 controls were assessed for apathy using the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Cognition and depression were also quantified. The sensitivity of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale screening questions for apathy and depression was calculated. RESULTS A total of 46% of patients with RBD were apathetic, compared with 31% of patients with PD in our sample. Most patients with RBD with depression were apathetic but more than half of apathetic patients were not depressed. The sensitivity of the single Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale screening question was only 33% for mild apathy and 50% for severe apathy. CONCLUSIONS Apathy is common in RBD and is underestimated by a single self-report question. Recognition of apathy as a distinct neuropsychiatric feature in RBD could aid targeted treatment interventions and might contribute to the understanding of prodromal PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Barber
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - K. Muhammed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - D. Drew
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Lawton
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - M. Crabbe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Rolinski
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Institute of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - T. Quinnell
- Respiratory Support and Sleep CentrePapworth HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Z. Zaiwalla
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Y. Ben‐Shlomo
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - M. Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. T. M. Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Pelletier D, Wiegers TC, Enayetallah A, Kibbey C, Gosink M, Koza-Taylor P, Mattingly CJ, Lawton M. ToxEvaluator: an integrated computational platform to aid the interpretation of toxicology study-related findings. Database (Oxford) 2016; 2016:baw062. [PMID: 27161010 PMCID: PMC4860628 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Attempts are frequently made to investigate adverse findings from preclinical toxicology studies in order to better understand underlying toxicity mechanisms. These efforts often begin with limited information, including a description of the adverse finding, knowledge of the structure of the chemical associated with its cause and the intended pharmacological target. ToxEvaluator was developed jointly by Pfizer and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (http://ctdbase.org) team at North Carolina State University as an in silico platform to facilitate interpretation of toxicity findings in light of prior knowledge. Through the integration of a diverse set of in silico tools that leverage a number of public and proprietary databases, ToxEvaluator streamlines the process of aggregating and interrogating diverse sources of information. The user enters compound and target identifiers, and selects adverse event descriptors from a safety lexicon and mapped MeSH disease terms. ToxEvaluator provides a summary report with multiple distinct areas organized according to what target or structural aspects have been linked to the adverse finding, including primary pharmacology, structurally similar proprietary compounds, structurally similar public domain compounds, predicted secondary (i.e. off-target) pharmacology and known secondary pharmacology. Similar proprietary compounds and their associated in vivo toxicity findings are reported, along with a link to relevant supporting documents. For similar public domain compounds and interacting targets, ToxEvaluator integrates relationships curated in Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, returning all direct and inferred linkages between them. As an example of its utility, we demonstrate how ToxEvaluator rapidly identified direct (primary pharmacology) and indirect (secondary pharmacology) linkages between cerivastatin and myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pelletier
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340
| | - T C Wiegers
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | | | - C Kibbey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340
| | - M Gosink
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340
| | - P Koza-Taylor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340
| | - C J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - M Lawton
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, CT 06340
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Rolinski M, Lawton M, Evetts S, Baig F, Ruffmann C, Mackay C, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Ben-shlomo Y, Hu M. Motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nicholson A, Amans M, Settecase F, Hetts S, Cooke D, Dowd C, Higashida R, Lawton M, Halbach V. E-091 atraumatic epidural arteriovenous fistulae of the spine with intradural drainage: case series and review of imaging and treatment methods. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rayz V, Zaidat O, Halbach V, Saloner D, Lawton M. P-023 computational modeling of postoperative flow and thrombosis in cerebral aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Ben-Shlomo Y, Lawton M, Szewczyk-Krolikowski K, Hu M. Letter in response to Picillo et al., in relation to Szewczyk-Krolikowski et al.: The influence of age and gender on motor and non-motor features of early Parkinson's disease: Initial findings from the Oxford Parkinson disease Center (OPDC) discovery cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:1321-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Thomson-Glover R, Lawton M, Menon G. Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: part of the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in an HIV-positive patient. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 26:602-4. [PMID: 25080288 DOI: 10.1177/0956462414545793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 38-year-old HIV-positive Nigerian woman presented with a three-week history of cervical lymphadenopathy, night sweats, weight loss and fever. Provisional diagnoses of tuberculosis and lymphoma were considered; however, a histological diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease was reached. This rare benign disease has presenting features that mimic more serious conditions commonly occurring in HIV-positive patients. This case report emphasises the importance of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomson-Glover
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Lawton
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Menon
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Ritchie CW, Bajwa J, Coleman G, Hope K, Jones RW, Lawton M, Marven M, Passmore P. Souvenaid®: a new approach to management of early Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:291-9. [PMID: 24626757 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic loss correlates closely with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease and represents a new target for intervention. Souvenaid® is the first medical nutrition product to be designed to support synapse formation and function in early Alzheimer's disease, and has undergone an extensive, 12-year development programme. The relatively large amount of clinical data available for Souvenaid® is unusual for a medical nutrition product. Souvenaid® contains omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid), uridine (as uridine monophosphate) and choline which are nutritional precursors required for synaptic membrane phospholipid synthesis, together with phospholipids and other cofactors. Souvenaid® has demonstrated cognitive benefits in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease but not in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Two randomised, double-blind, controlled trials (duration 12 and 24 weeks) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease untreated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and/or memantine have demonstrated that Souvenaid® is well tolerated and improves episodic memory performance. The daily intake of Souvenaid® has not been associated with any harmful effects or interactions with medications and none are anticipated. The ongoing, 24-month, European Union-funded LipiDiDiet trial in subjects with prodromal Alzheimer's disease is evaluating the potential benefits of Souvenaid® on memory and in slowing progression to Alzheimer's dementia. If Souvenaid® induces synaptogenesis and improved synaptic function, it may provide benefits in other clinical conditions characterised by neurodegeneration. A number of trials are ongoing and planned to evaluate the potential wider benefits of Souvenaid®.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Ritchie
- C Ritchie, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK, ;
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11
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Hetts S, Kim H, Cooke D, English J, Gupta N, Stout C, Kim W, Dowd C, Halbach V, Higashida R, Lawton M, Young W. O-023 Pediatric versus adult AVM angioarchitecture: are children really just small adults? J Neurointerv Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010455a.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Zador Z, Coope D, Gnanalingham K, Lawton M. Analysis of Eyebrow Approaches to the Anterior Skull Base Using Classic Cadaver Morphometry and a Novel Method of Volumetric Analysis. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Zado Z, Coope D, Lawton M, Gnanalingham K. Working-Volume: A Novel Parameter to Characterize Surgical Exposures to the Anterior Skull Base. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Lawton M, Schembri G, Kingston M. P66 Testing forTrichomonas vaginalis(TV) by transcription mediated amplification (TMA). An evaluation in a large city clinic. Sex Transm Infect 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050601c.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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15
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Babcock C, Lawton M, Wheaton D. 399 Which Disaster Triage Criteria Identify the Most “Immediate” Patients? Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hetts S, Antonietti L, Sheth S, English J, Dowd C, Higashida R, Lawton M, Halbach V. O-011 Long term outcome in the repair of spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae. J Neurointerv Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2010.003244.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Murphy PB, Raefsky E, Burris HA, Infante JR, Jones SF, Spigel DR, Dickson N, Lawton M, Dicksey JS, Peters WP. A phase I study evaluating a novel schedule of oral eniluracil (EU) combined with escalating doses of oral 5-fluorouracil (5- FU). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Raju RN, Alemany C, Basche M, Garbo LE, Richards DA, Smith DA, Stephenson JJ, Norris R, Lawton M, Peters W, Becerra CR. An open label phase I dose escalation study of ADH-1 in combination with chemotherapy in subjects with N-Cadherin expressing solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Boussel L, Wintermark M, Martin A, Dispensa B, VanTijen R, Leach J, Rayz V, Acevedo-Bolton G, Lawton M, Higashida R, Smith WS, Young WL, Saloner D. Monitoring serial change in the lumen and outer wall of vertebrobasilar aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 29:259-64. [PMID: 17974611 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Estimation of the stability of fusiform aneurysms of the basilar artery requires precise monitoring of the luminal and outer wall volumes. In this report we describe the use of MR imaging and 3D postprocessing methods to study the evolution of those aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine patients with fusiform basilar artery aneurysms underwent MR imaging studies covering at least 2 different time points (mean delay between studies, 7.1 +/- 4.6 months). Imaging included multisection 2D T1-weighted fast spin-echo and/or 3D steady-state imaging to assess the outer wall and contrast-enhanced MR angiography to study the lumen. The outer and inner walls were extracted using, respectively, a manual delineation (made by 2 observers) and a thresholding technique. The 2 studies were subsequently coregistered at each time point, as well as between differing time points. Volumes of each vessel component were calculated. RESULTS Mean volume was 6760 +/- 6620 mm(3) for the outer wall and 2060 +/- 1200 mm(3) for the lumen. Evolution of the lumen and outer wall was highly variable from 1 patient to another, with a trend toward increase of the vessel wall for the largest aneurysms. Interobserver reproducibility for outer wall delineation was on the order of 90%. CONCLUSION Combining MR imaging methods to study both the outer wall and lumen with 3D registration tools provides a powerful method for progression of fusiform basilar aneurysmal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Boussel
- Radiology Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Lawton M, Iqbal M, Kontovraki M, Lloyd Mills C, Hargreaves AJ. Reduced tubulin tyrosination as an early marker of mercury toxicity in differentiating N2a cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1258-61. [PMID: 17553660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to compare the effects of methyl mercury chloride and thimerosal on neurite/process outgrowth and microtubule proteins in differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma and rat C6 glioma cells. Exposure for 4h to sublethal concentrations of both compounds inhibited neurite outgrowth to a similar extent in both cells lines compared to controls. In the case of N2a cells, this inhibitory effect by both compounds was associated with a fall in the reactivity of western blots of cell extracts with monoclonal antibody T1A2, which recognises C-terminally tyrosinated alpha-tubulin. By contrast, reactivity with monoclonal antibody B512 (which recognises total alpha-tubulin) was unaffected at the same time point. These findings suggest that decreased tubulin tyrosination represents a neuron-specific early marker of mercury toxicity associated with impaired neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lawton
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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21
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Infante JR, Jones SF, Lawton M, Wing P, Malik RK, Peters WP, Burris HA. A phase I study evaluating a novel schedule of oral eniluracil (EU) combined with escalating doses of oral 5-fluorouracil (5- FU). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2560 Background: 5-FU, a commonly utilized cytotoxic, is rapidly catabolized by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and requires anabolic conversion for anti-tumor activity. It has poor oral bioavailability due to DPD in the GI tract and liver, and toxicities such as hand-foot skin reaction. In addition, high levels of DPD are associated with 5-FU resistance. EU is a mechanism-based irreversible inactivator of DPD. Early studies in combination with oral 5-FU demonstrated activity; however, 3 Phase 3 studies were negative, due to an unrecognized inhibition of 5-FU anabolic activation by EU (Fourie et al; 2006 ASCO Proceedings; a 2058). Lower doses of eniluracil given 12–20 hrs prior to 5- FU preserves the desired DPD inhibition, without inhibiting these anabolic enzymes. Methods: The objectives are to determine the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and DPD activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following administration of a fixed dose of EU in combination with escalating doses of 5-FU. The combination of oral 5.0 mg EU 12 to 20 hours prior to oral 5-FU, is given qW for 3 weeks in 28 day cycles. Results: Twenty subjects have been enrolled, at 5-FU doses of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mg. A total of 39 cycles have been administered, with 4 patients currently on study. The oral combination of EU and 5-FU has been well tolerated. All toxicities have been grade 1 or 2 with the exception of two grade 3 toxicities reported at the 50mg dose (anemia and neutropenia). The grade 3 neutropenia is the only observed DLT and resulted in a 1 week delay in initiation of cycle 2. No CR or PR noted, but 4 patients (2 previously treated with 5-FU) with 4 cycles of SD. 95–100% of DPD inhibition achieved at the time of 5-FU dosing and PK results demonstrate a dose proportional increase in 5-FU Cmax and AUC, and a half life of ∼3.5 hours. Conclusions: The oral combination of 5mg of EU given 12–20 hrs prior to 5-FU has been well tolerated and achieves full functional inhibition of DPD in all patients. The MTD is not yet defined and the next cohort is enrolling at the 80mg dose. EU in combination with 5-FU may provide a promising therapeutic option for patients with tumors known to be resistant to 5-FU due to high levels of DPD. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
| | - S. F. Jones
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
| | - M. Lawton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
| | - P. Wing
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
| | - R. K. Malik
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
| | - W. P. Peters
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
| | - H. A. Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN; Adherex Technologies, Durham, NC
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22
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Foto M, Vrijmoed LLP, Miller JD, Ruest K, Lawton M, Dales RE. A comparison of airborne ergosterol, glucan and Air-O-Cell data in relation to physical assessments of mold damage and some other parameters. Indoor Air 2005; 15:257-66. [PMID: 15982272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report here a comparison of long duration air samples in 110 homes where the material collected on open faced filter cassettes was analyzed for beta 1,3-d glucan, ergosterol, cholesterol and endotoxin. These data were then compared to careful estimates of visible mold and Air-O-Cell data. All the values found except cholesterol were of a similar magnitude to values reported in the limited number of studies available. Glucan was measured with a factor G based assay of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate followed by size exclusion chromatography. This showed that the majority of airborne glucan found in these houses was fungal in origin arising from both yeasts and intact spores, as well as hyphal and spore fragments. Hyphal and spore fragments together represented 16% of the intact spore counts but over a broad range. Correlations between airborne glucan were strong for ergosterol and visible mold. However, airborne ergosterol was more highly correlated to visible mold than glucan. Endotoxin and Air-O-Cell measurements were poorly or not related to the other measures in the study. This study provides confidence that long duration air samples of the toxin glucan and ergosterol are related to building damage. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Some studies of damp buildings have shown a relationship between extent of water/mold damage and symptoms. This study compared long duration air samples for glucan and ergosterol to extent of visible mold in houses measuring also the nature of the glucans present. Both measures were highly correlated to extent of visible mold damage in the houses; ergosterol was somewhat superior. Spore counts or prevalence of Asp/Pen in Air-O-Cell samples was not related to extent of visible mold damage but the observation of hyphal fragments was more likely when mold damage was present. This indicates that rigorous assessment of mold damage is a useful measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Foto
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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23
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Kirkwood PA, Lawton M, Ford TW. Plateau potentials in hindlimb motoneurones of female cats under anaesthesia. Exp Brain Res 2002; 146:399-403. [PMID: 12232698 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-002-1163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2002] [Accepted: 05/14/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Central respiratory drive potentials (CRDPs) were observed in intracellular recordings from hindlimb motoneurones of anaesthetized, paralysed, ovariohysterectomized female cats, artificially ventilated so as to have a strong respiratory drive under hyperoxic hypercapnea. The animals comprised two groups: three animals treated for 7 days with oestradiol benzoate (oestrous), and three untreated (non-oestrous). Several features of the CRDPs suggested the involvement of voltage-sensitive channels, including variability in the CRDP amplitude and potentiation of the CRDP by depolarizing currents. Clear plateau potentials, related to or triggered by depolarizing phases of the CRDPs, occurred in six motoneurones, three in response to depolarizing currents, three spontaneously. This is the first report of plateau potentials in mammalian motoneurones under anaesthesia. The mechanisms accessed here by the respiratory inputs are deduced to be particularly potent, perhaps because of a distal dendritic location. Plateau-like effects were more common in the oestrous animals, which suggests a specific role for the plateau potentials in the production of the stereotyped movements of female receptive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kirkwood
- Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, UK.
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24
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Abstract
The plant response to attempted infection by microbial pathogens is often accompanied by rapid cell death in and around the initial infection site, a reaction known as the hypersensitive response. This response is associated with restricted pathogen growth and represents a form of programmed cell death (PCD). Recent pharmacological and molecular studies have provided functional evidence for the conservation of some of the basic regulatory mechanisms underlying the response to pathogens and the activation of PCD in animal and plant systems. In animals, the mitochondrion integrates diverse cellular stress signals and initiates the death execution pathway, and studies indicate a similar involvement for mitochondria in regulating PCD in plants. But many of the cell-death regulators that have been characterized in humans, worms and flies are absent from the Arabidopsis genome, indicating that plants probably use other regulators to control this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lam
- Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA.
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25
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26
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Berkowitz G, Zhang X, Mercie R, Leng Q, Lawton M. Co-expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase with the inward rectified guard cell K+ channel KAT1 alters current parameters in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Plant Cell Physiol 2000; 41:785-790. [PMID: 10945349 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/41.6.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased guard cell cytosolic [Ca2+] is known to be involved in signal transduction pathways leading to stomatal closure, and inhibit the inward rectifying guard cell K+ channel KAT1. Guard cell calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) has been shown to phosphorylate KAT1; such phosphorylation is known to modulate other K+ channels involved in signal transduction cascades. The work reported here focused on demonstrating CDPK-dependent inhibition of KAT1 currents. A cDNA encoding soybean CDPK was generated and it's translation product was shown to be functional; demonstrating Ca2+-dependent autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of a target protein. Ion currents were monitored using voltage clamp techniques upon expression of KAT1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Coexpression of recombinant CDPK with KAT1 in oocytes altered the kinetics and magnitude of induced K+ currents; at a given hyperpolarizing command voltage, the magnitude of KAT1 currents was reduced and the half-time for channel activation was increased. This finding supports a model of Ca2+-dependent ABA inhibition of inward K+ currents in guard cells as being mediated by CDPK phosphorylation of KAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berkowitz
- Department of Plant Science U-67, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4067, USA.
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27
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du Boulay G, Lawton M, Wallis A. Selective brain cooling in animals: internal carotid's significance for sudden infant death syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-0658.2000.00016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Some anatomical aspects of the blood supply of the brains of mammals have been examined to illuminate their functions. A fundamental explanation of sudden infant death syndrome (cot death) is suggested following experimental observations. Speculative contributions have been made to comparative physiological ideas concerning mammals of pronograde and erect habitus, their vascular pressure adaptations and temperature management. Neuro- and interventional radiologists may make some significant future applications of these ideas. Of immediate practical interest is the possibility of influencing the well-being of human embryos' neural tube development in utero by a comprehensive study of their temperature environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H du Boulay
- Institute of Neurology, National Hospital Queen Square, London, UK
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29
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Mangiarini L, Sathasivam K, Seller M, Cozens B, Harper A, Hetherington C, Lawton M, Trottier Y, Lehrach H, Davies SW, Bates GP. Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice. Cell 1996; 87:493-506. [PMID: 8898202 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2288] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of an increasing number of neurodegenerative disorders caused by a CAG/polyglutamine repeat expansion. Mice have been generated that are transgenic for the 5' end of the human HD gene carrying (CAG)115-(CAG)150 repeat expansions. In three lines, the transgene is ubiquitously expressed at both mRNA and protein level. Transgenic mice exhibit a progressive neurological phenotype that exhibits many of the features of HD, including choreiform-like movements, involuntary stereotypic movements, tremor, and epileptic seizures, as well as nonmovement disorder components. This transgenic model will greatly assist in an eventual understanding of the molecular pathology of HD and may open the way to the testing of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mangiarini
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Wang X, Zafian P, Choudhary M, Lawton M. The PR5K receptor protein kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana is structurally related to a family of plant defense proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:2598-602. [PMID: 8637920 PMCID: PMC39843 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.6.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana gene that codes for a receptor related to antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The PR5K gene codes for a predicted 665-amino acid polypeptide that comprises an extracellular domain related to the PR5 proteins, a central transmembrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular protein-serine/threonine kinase. The extracellular domain of PR5K (PR5-like receptor kinase) is most highly related to acidic PR5 proteins that accumulate in the extracellular spaces of plants challenged with pathogenic microorganisms. The kinase domain of PR5K is related to a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are involved in the expression of self-incompatibility and disease resistance. PR5K transcripts accumulate at low levels in all tissues examined, although particularly high levels are present in roots and inflorescence stems. Treatments that induce authentic PR5 proteins had no effect on the level of PR5K transcripts, suggesting that the receptor forms part of a preexisting surveillance system. When the kinase domain of PR5K was expressed in Escherichia coli, the resulting polypeptide underwent autophosphorylation, consistent with its predicted enzyme activity. These results are consistent with PR5K encoding a functional receptor kinase. Moreover, the structural similarity between the extracellular domain of PR5K and the antimicrobial PR5- proteins suggests a possible interaction with common or related microbial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Center for Agricultural Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, Cook College, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0231, USA
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31
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Lawton M. Veterinary nursing examination. Vet Rec 1993; 133:431. [PMID: 8279116 DOI: 10.1136/vr.133.17.431-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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32
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Abstract
Cardiac responses to graded treadmill exercise were compared in conscious dogs before and after excision of the sinoatrial node (SAN) and adjacent tissue along the sulcus terminalis. The chronotropic and dromotropic responses to dynamic exercise were compared with and without selective muscarinic (atropine) and/or beta-adrenergic (timolol) blockade. With the SAN intact, cardiac acceleration was prompt during onset of exercise and in proportion to work intensity. Immediately after SAN excision (1-7 days), pacemaker activity exhibited marked instability in rate and pacemaker location, with rapid shifts between atrial and junctional foci. Soon thereafter (1-2 wk), subsidiary atrial pacemakers (SAPs) assumed the primary pacemaker function. Although the SAP foci demonstrated stable heart rates and atrioventricular (AV) intervals at rest and during exercise, heart rates at rest and during steady-state exercise were reduced 34% from corresponding levels in the SAN-intact state, both with and without selective autonomic blockade. For control of dromotropic function, animals with SAP foci showed pronounced shortening in AV interval in conjunction with exercise that was further exacerbated by pretreatment with atropine. Eight weeks after excision of the primary SAN pacemakers, direct electrophysiological mapping localized the SAP foci to either the inferior right atrium along the sulcus terminalis or the dorsal cranial right atrium (in or near Bachmann's bundle). Animals with SAPs localized to the inferior right atrium had a more marked suppression in heart rate with a corresponding greater decrease in AV interval during exercise than dogs with SAP foci identified within the dorsal cranial right atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ardell
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688
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33
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Stark L, Won-Soo Kim, Tendick F, Hannaford B, Ellis S, Denome M, Duffy M, Hayes T, Jordan T, Lawton M, Mills T, Peterson R, Sanders K, Tyler M, Dyke S. Telerobotics: Display, control, and communication problems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1109/jra.1987.1087069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Lawton M. Maternal deaths - the facts. N Z Nurs J 1983; 76:21. [PMID: 6581434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Lawton M. Sexual assault kits. N Z Med J 1981; 94:358. [PMID: 6950271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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36
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Lawton M. Reporting on midwifery. N Z Nurs J 1977; 70:19-22. [PMID: 266670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Brown JD, Lawton M. Stress and well-being in adolescence: the moderating role of physical exercise. J Human Stress 1987; 12:125-31. [PMID: 3559196 DOI: 10.1080/0097840x.1986.9936777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is quite often a period of personal adjustment and stress, and previous research has found that adolescents are vulnerable to the negative effects of stressful life events. The present research sought to determine whether a subset of adolescent girls, those who routinely engage in physical exercise, escape stress-induced disturbances in physical and psychological well-being. Self-report measures of stressful life events, physical and emotional well-being, and exercise habits were obtained from 220 females of secondary school age. In accordance with experimental hypotheses, stress had a substantial debilitating effect on physical and emotional health among persons who reported exercising infrequently but not among those who reported exercising regularly. Potential mediating mechanisms are identified and implications of the findings for primary prevention programs targeted toward adolescents are discussed.
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