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Herpich C, Ost M, Franz K, Klaus S, Mueller-Werdan U, Norman K. Mitochondrial respiration in fatigue syndrome during ageing. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franz K, Ost M, Herpich C, Otten L, Coleman V, Klaus S, Müller-Werdan U, Norman K. HIGHER SERUM LEVELS OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CACHEXIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Franz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Nutrition and Body Composition – Research Group on Geriatrics (FGG), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Physiology and Energy Metabolism
| | - C Herpich
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Nutrition and Gerontology
| | - L Otten
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Nutrition and Body Composition – Research Group on Geriatrics (FGG), Berlin, Germany
| | - V Coleman
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Physiology and Energy Metabolism
| | - S Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Physiology and Energy Metabolism
| | - U Müller-Werdan
- Geriatrics Research Group, Charité - Universitätmedizin Berlin
| | - K Norman
- Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Nutrition and Gerontology, Germany
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Franz K, Ost M, Herpich C, Otten L, Endres AS, Coleman V, Klaus S, Müller-Werdan U, Norman K. Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in geriatric patients with cachexia. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Franz K, Ost M, Herpich C, Otten L, Endres AS, Coleman V, Klaus S, Müller-Werdan U, Norman K. Elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels in geriatric patients – Association with sarcopenia and physical parameters. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Herpich C, Ost M, Franz K, Otten L, Coleman V, Klaus S, Mueller-Werdan U, Norman K. Sarc-f is reflective of elevated circulatory levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kalinovich AV, Mattsson CL, Youssef MR, Petrovic N, Ost M, Skulachev VP, Shabalina IG. Mitochondria-targeted dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C 12TPP) combats high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1864-1874. [PMID: 27534841 PMCID: PMC5144127 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: A membrane-penetrating cation, dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP), facilitates the recycling of fatty acids in the artificial lipid membrane and mitochondria. C12TPP can dissipate mitochondrial membrane potential and may affect total energy expenditure and body weight in animals and humans. Methods: We investigated the metabolic effects of C12TPP in isolated brown-fat mitochondria, brown adipocyte cultures and mice in vivo. Experimental approaches included the measurement of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, western blotting, magnetic resonance imaging and bomb calorimetry. Results: In mice, C12TPP (50 μmol per (day•kg body weight)) in the drinking water significantly reduced body weight (12%, P<0.001) and body fat mass (24%, P<0.001) during the first 7 days of treatment. C12TPP did not affect water palatability and intake or the energy and lipid content in feces. The addition of C12TPP to isolated brown-fat mitochondria resulted in increased oxygen consumption. Three hours of pretreatment with C12TPP also increased oligomycin-insensitive oxygen consumption in brown adipocyte cultures (P<0.01). The effects of C12TPP on mitochondria, cells and mice were independent of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). However, C12TPP treatment increased the mitochondrial protein levels in the brown adipose tissue of both wild-type and UCP1-knockout mice. Pair-feeding revealed that one-third of the body weight loss in C12TPP-treated mice was due to reduced food intake. C12TPP treatment elevated the resting metabolic rate (RMR) by up to 18% (P<0.05) compared with pair-fed animals. C12TPP reduced the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating enhanced fatty acid oxidation in mice. Conclusions: C12TPP combats diet-induced obesity by reducing food intake, increasing the RMR and enhancing fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kalinovich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - C L Mattsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M R Youssef
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V P Skulachev
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Rieber N, Gille C, Köstlin N, Schäfer I, Spring B, Ost M, Spieles H, Kugel HA, Pfeiffer M, Heininger V, Alkhaled M, Hector A, Mays L, Kormann M, Zundel S, Fuchs J, Handgretinger R, Poets CF, Hartl D. Neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cord blood modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:45-52. [PMID: 23701226 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates show an impaired anti-microbial host defence, but the underlying immune mechanisms are not understood fully. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent an innate immune cell subset characterized by their capacity to suppress T cell immunity. In this study we demonstrate that a distinct MDSC subset with a neutrophilic/granulocytic phenotype (Gr-MDSCs) is highly increased in cord blood compared to peripheral blood of children and adults. Functionally, cord blood isolated Gr-MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation efficiently as well as T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 cytokine secretion. Beyond T cells, cord blood Gr-MDSCs controlled natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in a cell contact-dependent manner. These studies establish neutrophilic Gr-MDSCs as a novel immunosuppressive cell subset that controls innate (NK) and adaptive (T cell) immune responses in neonates. Increased MDSC activity in cord blood might serve as key fetomaternal immunosuppressive mechanism impairing neonatal host defence. Gr-MDSCs in cord blood might therefore represent a therapeutic target in neonatal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rieber
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Keipert S, Ost M, Chadt A, Voigt A, Ayala V, Portero-Otin M, Pamplona R, Al-Hasani H, Klaus S. Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E495-506. [PMID: 23277187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00518.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keipert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
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Ost M, Voigt A, Keipert S, Dokas J, Klaus S. Metabolic effects of mitochondrial uncoupling in murine skeletal muscle: Essential role of AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic improvements of UCP1-transgenic mice? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ost M, Nylén K, Csajbok L, Blennow K, Rosengren L, Nellgård B. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and gender difference in outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:1364-9. [PMID: 19025529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and dismal outcome among children and young adults. The morbidity and mortality differ but more aggressive monitoring and more designated neuro intensive care units have improved the results. Studies have demonstrated a connection between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and outcome after TBI, but few are prospective and none is from northern Europe. APOE has three alleles: epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4. METHODS A total of 96 patients with Glasgow coma score (GCS) < or =8 were prospectively and consecutively included. APOE genotypes were all analyzed at the same laboratory from blood samples by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS All patients were assessed at 1 year with Glasgow outcome scale extended (GOSE), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel daily living index. The genotype was available in all patients. Twenty-six patients expressed APOE epsilon4 while 70 patients did not. Outcome demonstrated that patients with APOE epsilon4 had worse outcome vs. those lacking this allele. When subdividing patients into gender, males with APOE epsilon4 did worse, a difference not detected among female patients. CONCLUSIONS APOE epsilon4 correlated to worse outcome in TBI patients. We also found that males with APOE epsilon4 had poor outcome while females did not. Thus, the results indicate that genetic polymorphism may influence outcome after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ost
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ost M, Nylén K, Csajbok L, Ohrfelt AO, Tullberg M, Wikkelsö C, Nellgård P, Rosengren L, Blennow K, Nellgård B. Initial CSF total tau correlates with 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. Neurology 2006; 67:1600-4. [PMID: 17101890 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000242732.06714.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated if tau, microtubular binding protein, in serum and ventricular CSF (vCSF) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the initial posttraumatic days correlated to 1-year outcome. METHODS Patients with severe TBI (n = 39, Glasgow Coma Scale score <or=8) were included. We measured serum and vCSF total tau on days 0 to 14, using ELISA. vCSF total tau correlated to 1-year Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) neurologic status, and the Bartel Daily Living Index. Patients (n = 20) with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) served as reference. RESULTS Higher levels of tau were found in TBI patients vs patients with NPH. A correlation was found between initial vCSF total tau and GOSE levels (R = 0.42, p < 0.001) but not between vCSF total tau and NIHSS or Bartel scores at 1 year. A vCSF total tau level of >2,126 pg/mL on days 2 to 3 discriminated between dead and alive (sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81%). A vCSF total tau level of >702 pg/mL on days 2 to 3 discriminated between bad (GOSE 1 to 4) and good (GOSE 5 to 8) outcome (sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 69%). Patients with GOSE 1 (dead) had higher vCSF total tau levels on days 2 to 3 (p < 0.001) vs both surviving patients (GOSE 2 to 8) and those with NPH. Total tau was not detected in serum throughout the study. CONCLUSION The increase in ventricular CSF (vCSF) total tau probably reflects axonal damage, known to be a central pathologic mechanism in traumatic brain injury (TBI). These results suggest that vCSF total tau may be an important early biochemical neuromarker for predicting long-term outcome in patients with a severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ost
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Nylén K, Csajbok LZ, Ost M, Rashid A, Karlsson JE, Blennow K, Nellgård B, Rosengren L. CSF –Neurofilament correlates with outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 2006; 404:132-6. [PMID: 16806706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating event. Following the bleeding, a number of pathophysiological changes and clinical factors determine outcome. Not surprisingly, attempts to predict outcome based on a single factor have failed. The neurological status graded at admission to hospital and distributions of the blood on CT are the strongest predictors. There is evidence that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins may serve as markers of the extent of brain damage. The present study is focused on the light unit of neurofilament protein (NFL), previously not evaluated in aSAH. Lumbar puncture (LP), neurological grading according to World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) and neurological examination according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were performed in 48 consecutive patients with aSAH 10-14 days after the hemorrhage. CSF-NFL concentrations were analyzed using an ELISA. Outcome was assessed after 1 year and categorised according to the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). A significant correlation between CSF-NFL and GOSE was detected at follow up after 1 year. CSF-NFL also correlated with WFNS and NIHSS on the day of the lumbar puncture. CSF-NFL is a biochemical marker of brain damage correlating to neurological status and long-term outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nylén
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
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Nylén K, Ost M, Csajbok LZ, Nilsson I, Blennow K, Nellgård B, Rosengren L. Increased serum-GFAP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury is related to outcome. J Neurol Sci 2005; 240:85-91. [PMID: 16266720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have established the relevance of S-100 in blood as a marker of brain damage after traumatic brain injury. However, a more specific marker is required and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is considered to be a good candidate. METHODS In order to assess the increase of GFAP in serum (s-GFAP) after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) we collected daily serum samples from 59 patients with severe TBI starting on the day of the trauma. S-GFAP was measured using a sandwich ELISA. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) assessed outcome after 1 year. RESULTS All but one patient had maximal s-GFAP values above the laboratory reference value (median increased 10-fold). The highest detected levels were seen during the first days after TBI and then decreased gradually. Patients with unfavourable outcome had significantly (p<0.001) higher maximal s-GFAP values in the acute phase compared with patients with favourable outcome. All patients (n=5) with s-GFAP>15.04 microg /L died (reference level<0.15 microg/L). We found no significant difference in the maximal s-GFAP levels of patients with isolated brain injury in comparison with patients with multiple traumas. CONCLUSION Serum-GFAP is increased during the first days after a severe traumatic brain injury and related to clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nylén
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Brachet C, Dufrane JP, Van De Casseye M, Ost M, Debusscher L. [Bilateral breast masses]. Rev Med Brux 2000; 21:165-9. [PMID: 10925599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A 76 year old woman is hospitalized for bilateral breast masses and neurological impairment. Her medical history is marked by rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold salts and methylprednisolone. Blood tests reveal pancytopenia; the MRI scan of the brain is suggestive of a CNS lymphoma. The pathologic examination of a breast mass specimen confirms the lymphoid nature of the neoplasm. This case report highlights the multifocal or systemic nature of non hodgkin's lymphoma and the diagnostic pitfalls of breast lymphomas. Rheumatoid arthritis and its medical management are reviewed for their possible roles in oncogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Brain Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/etiology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Radiography
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brachet
- Service de Médecine Interne, Institut Jules Bordet, U.L.B
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Ost M, Uhl E, Carlsson M, Gidlöf A, Söderkvist P, Sirsjö A. Expression of mRNA for phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and in biopsies from umbilical arteries and veins. J Vasc Res 1998; 35:150-5. [PMID: 9647328 DOI: 10.1159/000025578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is released by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and then converted into vasoactive and inflammatory eicosanoids by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX). These eicosanoids are important paracrine regulators of vascular permeability, blood flow, local pro- and anticoagulant activity and they play a major role in the local inflammatory response. We have investigated the presence of mRNAs for PLA2 and for isoforms of COX and LOX in both human endothelial cells (EC) and in human smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture and in vascular biopsies of human umbilical veins (HUVB) and arteries (HUAB) by using the reversed transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Results show detectable levels of PLA2 type IV (cPLA2) in cultured EC and SMC and in vascular wall biopsies from HUAB and HUVB. The cultured EC and SMC demonstrate higher levels of both COX-1 and COX-2 with PCR analyses than do vascular wall biopsies from HUAB and HUVB. This indicates a difference in the native expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in cultures of EC and SMC compared to that in biopsies from intact vessel walls. The EC and SMC in culture do not express mRNA for 5-LOX, that was, however, expressed in the vascular wall biopsies. This speaks in favour of a constitutive, i.e. in vivo expression of 5-LOX in SMC in the vascular wall of both umbilical vein and arteries. Thus results from in vitro studies of constitutive COX and LOX expression in EC and vascular SMC in culture cannot simply be extrapolated to represent in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ost
- Clinical Research Center, University of Linköping, Sweden
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Sirsjö A, Söderkvist P, Sundqvist T, Carlsson M, Ost M, Gidlöf A. Different induction mechanisms of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat smooth muscle cells in culture and in aortic strips. FEBS Lett 1994; 338:191-6. [PMID: 7508406 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The expression of mRNA for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase, (iNOS), was studied in rat aortic smooth muscle cells, (SMCs) in cell culture and in strips of rat aorta by reverse transcriptase coupled to the polymerase chain reaction. iNOS mRNA expression was weak in cultured SMCs when exposed to either interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but the combination LPS+IFN gamma enhanced the expression. In aortic strips LPS alone induced a pronounced expression, with no further increase by IFN gamma. Cycloheximide potentiated the expression of iNOS mRNA in SMCs in culture stimulated with LPS+IFN gamma but attenuated the response in aortic strips. The results indicate different cellular signaling pathways for the induction of iNOS mRNA by LPS and/or IFN gamma, in cultured SMCs and in rat aortic strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sirsjö
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
We treated a bilateral, well-differentiated neuroblastoma of the choroid in a patient who had congenital abdominal neuroblastoma. Although orbital metastasis of neuroblastoma is common, intraocular metastasis is not. In our patient, there was no amplification of the N-myc oncogene in the tumor of either eye. This is consistent with early-stage primary neuroblastoma. Histologically, the tumors were identical in each eye and well differentiated with Homer Wright rosettes; most neuroblastoma metastases have few rosettes and are composed of more undifferentiated, anaplastic cells. We believe that our patient had bilateral primary tumors and not metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Cibis
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Section of Ophthalmology, Kansas City, Missouri
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Guidry AJ, Ost M, Mather IH, Shainline WE, Weinland BT. Sequential response of milk leukocytes, albumin, immunoglobulins, monovalent ions, citrate, and lactose in cows given infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin into the mammary gland. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44:2262-7. [PMID: 6362498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in concentrations of both the cellular and the humoral components of milk are known to occur during mastitis. This study was conducted to determine temporal changes in the concentrations of leukocytes, albumin, immunoglobulins (Ig), monovalent ions, lactose, and citrate in milk during the initial phases of simulated mastitis. Ten cows whose udders were pathogen free and had milk leukocyte counts of less than 0.5 X 10(6)/ml were used. Two dosages of Escherichia coli endotoxin were administered to simulate various degrees of mastitis. Two quarters in each cow were infused with the endotoxin and the other 2 served as controls. Quarter milk samples were collected frequently before and after infusion. Within 2 hours after infusion of a 100-micrograms dose of endotoxin, clinical mastitis was observed in most of the infused quarters. Leukocytes, albumin, IgG1, and conductivity showed significant increases. Values before infusion and at postinfusion (PI) hour 2 were as follows: leukocytes, 0.33 and 3.65 X 10(6)/ml, respectively; albumin, 0.38 and 4.49 mg/ml; IgG1, 0.34 and 0.79 mg/ml; and conductivity, 6.0 and 6.9 mmho. Average of the peak values and their average relative time of appearance after infusion were as follows: leukocytes, 28.82 X 10(6)/ml at 16 hours; albumin, 9.37 mg/ml at 4 hours; IgG1, 1.35 mg/ml at 4 hours; and conductivity, 95.5 mmho at 10 hours. The IgG1 values tended to remain high in the presence of rapidly declining albumin concentrations, indicating the possibility of an active, rather than a passive, transfer of IgG1 from the circulation. The response to the 10-micrograms dose of endotoxin ranged from subclinical to clinically mild mastitis with lesser cellular and humoral responses.
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