1
|
Faria NR, Quick J, Claro IM, Thézé J, de Jesus JG, Giovanetti M, Kraemer MUG, Hill SC, Black A, da Costa AC, Franco LC, Silva SP, Wu CH, Raghwani J, Cauchemez S, du Plessis L, Verotti MP, de Oliveira WK, Carmo EH, Coelho GE, Santelli ACFS, Vinhal LC, Henriques CM, Simpson JT, Loose M, Andersen KG, Grubaugh ND, Somasekar S, Chiu CY, Muñoz-Medina JE, Gonzalez-Bonilla CR, Arias CF, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Chieppe AO, Aguiar SF, Fernandes CA, Lemos PS, Nascimento BLS, Monteiro HAO, Siqueira IC, de Queiroz MG, de Souza TR, Bezerra JF, Lemos MR, Pereira GF, Loudal D, Moura LC, Dhalia R, França RF, Magalhães T, Marques ET, Jaenisch T, Wallau GL, de Lima MC, Nascimento V, de Cerqueira EM, de Lima MM, Mascarenhas DL, Neto JPM, Levin AS, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Fonseca SN, Mendes-Correa MC, Milagres FP, Segurado A, Holmes EC, Rambaut A, Bedford T, Nunes MRT, Sabino EC, Alcantara LCJ, Loman NJ, Pybus OG. Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas. Nature 2017; 546:406-410. [PMID: 28538727 DOI: 10.1038/nature22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - J Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I M Claro
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - J G de Jesus
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Giovanetti
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - A Black
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A C da Costa
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Franco
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - S P Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - C-H Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - S Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA3012, Paris, France
| | - L du Plessis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - M P Verotti
- Coordenação dos Laboratórios de Saúde (CGLAB/DEVIT/SVS), Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - W K de Oliveira
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância e Resposta às Emergências em Saúde Pública (CGVR/DEVIT), Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - E H Carmo
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - G E Coelho
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A C F S Santelli
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L C Vinhal
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - C M Henriques
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - J T Simpson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Loose
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - N D Grubaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - S Somasekar
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine &Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C Y Chiu
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine &Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J E Muñoz-Medina
- División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C R Gonzalez-Bonilla
- División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C F Arias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - A O Chieppe
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S F Aguiar
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Fernandes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P S Lemos
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - B L S Nascimento
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - H A O Monteiro
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - I C Siqueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M G de Queiroz
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - T R de Souza
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Universidade Potiguar do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - J F Bezerra
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Faculdade Natalense de Ensino e Cultura, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - M R Lemos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - G F Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - D Loudal
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - L C Moura
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - R Dhalia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R F França
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T Magalhães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology &Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - E T Marques
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T Jaenisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G L Wallau
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M C de Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - V Nascimento
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - E M de Cerqueira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - M M de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D L Mascarenhas
- Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - A S Levin
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S N Fonseca
- Hospital São Francisco, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M C Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F P Milagres
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil
| | - A Segurado
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - A Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - T Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M R T Nunes
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - E C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - N J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - O G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Metabiota, San Francisco, California 94104, USA
| |
Collapse
|