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Kusirisin W, Srichairatanakool S, Lerttrakarnnon P, Lailerd N, Suttajit M, Jaikang C, Chaiyasut C. Antioxidative activity, polyphenolic content and anti-glycation effect of some Thai medicinal plants traditionally used in diabetic patients. Med Chem 2009; 5:139-47. [PMID: 19275712 DOI: 10.2174/157340609787582918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of 30 Thai medicinal plants, traditionally used as alternative treatments in diabetes, were evaluated for antioxidative activity by the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) method. They were evaluated in vitro for oxidative stress by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay in pooled plasma of diabetic patients compared to without treatment of the extracts (control). The extracts were also assayed for protein glycation. The results showed that five plants had strong antioxidant activity: Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE), Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC), Morinda citrifolia Linn. (MC), Kaempferia parviflora Wall. (KP) and Houttuynia cordata Thunb.(HC), respectively. Thirty plant extracts were good correlation between total antioxidant activity and antiradical activity by TBARS as well as by glycation (r = 0.856, p<0.01 and r = 0.810, p<0.01). PE had stronger antioxidative activity as well as inhibition of TBARS and glycation than the other plants. The investigation showed that total polyphenol and tannin content of PE and the flavonoid content of HC were the highest. The results imply that these plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants which have free radical scavenging activity and might be used for reducing oxidative stress in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kusirisin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Leamsomron K, Suttajit M, Chantirati P. Flow Injection Analysis System for the Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds by Using Folin-Ciocalteu Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2009.184.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Puangpronpitag D, Areejitranusorn P, Boonsiri P, Suttajit M, Yongvanit P. Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenolic Compounds Isolated fromAntidesma thwaitesianumMüll. Arg. Seeds and Marcs. J Food Sci 2008; 73:C648-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Komutarin T, Azadi S, Butterworth L, Keil D, Chitsomboon B, Suttajit M, Meade BJ. Extract of the seed coat of Tamarindus indica inhibits nitric oxide production by murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:649-58. [PMID: 15019190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The seed coat extract of Tamarindus indica, a polyphenolic flavonoid, has been shown to have antioxidant properties. The present studies investigated the inhibitory effect of the seed coat extract of T. indica on nitric oxide production in vitro using a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7, and in vitro and in vivo using freshly isolated B6C3F1 mouse peritoneal macrophages. In vitro exposure of RAW 264.7 cells or peritoneal macrophages to 0.2-200 microg/mL of T. indica extract significantly attenuated (as much as 68%) nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo administration of T. indica extract (100-500 mg/kg) to B6C3F1 mice dose-dependently suppressed TPA, LPS and/or IFN-gamma induced production of nitric oxide in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages in the absence of any effect on body weight. Exposure to T. indica extract had no effect on cell viability as assessed by the MTT assay. In B6C3F1 mice, preliminary safety studies demonstrated a decrease in body weight at only the highest dose tested (1000 mg/kg) without alterations in hematology, serum chemistry or selected organ weights or effects on NK cell activity. A significant decrease in body weight was observed in BALB/c mice exposed to concentrations of extract of 250 mg/kg or higher. Oral exposure of BALB/c mice to T. indica extract did not modulate the development of T cell-mediated sensitization to DNFB or HCA as measured by the local lymph node assay, or dermal irritation to nonanoic acid or DNFB. These studies suggest that in mice, T. indica extract at concentrations up to 500 mg/kg may modulate nitric oxide production in the absence of overt acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Komutarin
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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5
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Lipigorngoson S, Limtrakul P, Suttajit M, Yoshizawa T. In-house direct cELISA for determining aflatoxin B1 in Thai corn and peanuts. Food Addit Contam 2003; 20:838-45. [PMID: 13129779 DOI: 10.1080/0265203031000156060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the problem of aflatoxins (AF) in Thai foods, a sensitive in-house direct cELISA using monoclonal antibody (mAb) was established and compared with a commercial ELISA kit and thin-layer chromatography for the determination of AFB(1) levels in corn and peanuts. Among eight in-house mAbs (AF1-8), AF5 was used in the direct cELISA owing to its excellent specificity and sensitivity with the detection limit of 4 microg kg(-1). The recovery of AFB(1) spiked at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 microg kg(-1) ranged from 88.1 to 99.5%. Correlation coefficients of the ELISA with the commercial ELISA kit and thin-layer chromatography were 0.912 and 0.802 for corn, and 0.941 and 0.832 for peanuts, respectively (p<0.05). The cost per sample was estimated to be about 16 times lower than the commercial ELISA kit. Subsequently, the in-house direct cELISA was successfully applied to screen the contamination of AFB(1) in Thai corn and peanuts. Mean levels of AFB(1) (per cent positive) were 73 microg kg(-1) (85.7%) in corn and 102 microg kg(-1) (67.9%) in peanuts, for which 46.4% of both foods were above the Thailand regulation limit (20 microg kg(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lipigorngoson
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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6
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Abstract
A plant-sap-derived preparation containing bi- and tervalent ferrate anions was tested on growth, respiration on glucose, and membrane transport of 6-deoxy-D-glucose (6-dGlc) and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) in several yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Rhodotorula gracilis, and Dipodascus magnusii. Growth was enhanced by as much as 65%, respiration was not affected significantly except for a decrease in R. gracilis, transport of 6-dGlc was not affected while that of Aib was increased by up to 45% in R. gracilis and up to 27% in L. elongisporus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kotyk
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czechia
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Chanarat N, Chanarat P, Viratsethasin K, Suttajit M, Chiewsilp D. Biochemical and hematological manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2001; 32:500-3. [PMID: 11944706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is a multifactorial and multi-step disease. No single treatment against AIDS can save a patient. Our last report showed that vitamin A, vitamin E and beta-carotene were decreased while malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased. This report aims to evaluate biochemical and hematological parameters in HIV/AIDS patients in Chiang Mai, Thailand by holistic approaches. Sera from HIV/AIDS patients were examined for sugar, cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, total/direct bilirubin, vitamin E, MDA, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), beta-carotene, complete blood cell counts, platelet count, CD4 count, prothrombin time, partial prothrombin time and soluble Fas (sFas). The results found that sFas levels in sera prior to holistic approach was not different from reference values and not significantly correlate with CD4 and absolute lymphocyte count. sFas could not serve as putative marker for CD4 destruction. After 3 months CD4 count, MDA, vitamin E and TAC did not change statistically. This approach had no effect on liver and kidney functions, red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet counts, and blood clotting factors. This presentation may be some alternative approaches to combat HIV infections and AIDS, leading to stabilize or extend survival time which should further be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chanarat
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Suttajit M, Morakote N, Imai K, Nakachi K, Fujiki H. Takeo Wada Cancer Research Symposium in Chiang Mai. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:583-5. [PMID: 11467280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Suttajit
- Dr. Wada Cancer Research Fund, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nakachi K, Limtrakul P, Sonklin P, Sonklin O, Jarern CT, Lipigorngoson S, Arai K, Sone Y, Imai K, Suga K, Matsuyama S, Shimizu H, Takahashi T, Suttajit M. Risk factors for lung cancer among Northern Thai women: epidemiological, nutritional, serological, and bacteriological surveys of residents in high- and low-incidence areas. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90:1187-95. [PMID: 10622527 PMCID: PMC5926016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer incidence among Northern Thai women is one of the highest in Asia (an annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 37.4 per 100,000), and the incidence rate significantly differs by geographical districts. Therefore, we conducted a comparative study of women living in the Sarapee area, which showed the highest (crude incidence rate, 40.9), and the Chom Tong area, which had one of the lowest incidence rates (8.5) in Chiang Mai Province, despite the two areas' geographical and cultural closeness. The women in this study were either family members of lung cancer patients or their neighbors. To find clues to the etiology of lung cancer, this study used various epidemiological and biochemical approaches: interviewing on lifestyle factors, duplicate meals, chemical examination of drinking water, biochemical analysis of sera, mutagenicity test of urine, and monitoring of fungi and bacteria in the living environment. We found that tobacco smoking (Khiyo, local cigars) was less frequently observed in Sarapee (high incidence), compared with Chom Tong (low incidence), and that the history of chronic benign respiratory diseases was the most distinct event among women in Sarapee, resulting in a significantly increased percentage of those with a history of both benign respiratory diseases and tobacco smoking. This population revealed increased levels of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, an endogenous tumor promoter. Furthermore, significantly increased urine mutagenicity was found to be closely associated with history of benign respiratory disease in Sarapee. The fungus which was most commonly found in the air inside houses in Sarapee was identified as Microsporum canis. Additionally, significantly increased serum concentrations of a constituent of the fungus were found in Sarapee women, compared with those in Chom Tong. Our results suggest that tobacco (Khiyo) smoking alone may not be able to explain the very high incidence of female lung cancer in Northern Thailand, and that chronic benign respiratory disease, possibly caused by the infection of fungi such as M. canis, is likely to be involved in the etiology of female lung cancer in North Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakachi
- Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute.
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10
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Martin N, Srisukho S, Kunpradist O, Suttajit M. Cancer survival in Chiang Mai, Thailand. IARC Sci Publ 1999:109-21. [PMID: 10194633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Martin
- Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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11
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Mitacek EJ, Brunnemann KD, Suttajit M, Martin N, Limsila T, Ohshima H, Caplan LS. Exposure to N-nitroso compounds in a population of high liver cancer regions in Thailand: volatile nitrosamine (VNA) levels in Thai food. Food Chem Toxicol 1999; 37:297-305. [PMID: 10418946 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent case-control studies in Thailand indicate that a high incidence of liver cancer in Thailand has not been associated with common risk factors such as hepatitis B infection, aflatoxin intake and alcohol consumption. While the infestation by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) accounted for the high risk in north-east Thailand, there was no such exposure in the other regions of the country where the incidence of liver cancer is also high. Case-control studies suggest that exposure to exogenous and possibly endogenous nitrosamines in food or tobacco in betel nut and cigarettes may play a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while OV infestation and chemical interaction of nitrosamines may also be aetiological factors in the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Over 1800 samples of fresh and preserved food were systematically collected and tested between 1988 and 1996. All the food items identified by anthropological studies to be consumed frequently in four major regions of Thailand were analysed for volatile nitrosamines using gas chromatography combined with a thermal energy analyser. Relatively high levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were detected in fermented fish ("Plasalid"). NDMA was also detected at levels ranging from trace amounts to 66.5 microg/kg in several salted and dried fish ("Larb-pla" and "Pla-siu"). NDMA and NPYR were frequently detected in several vegetables, particularly fermented beans ("Tau-chiau") at levels ranging between 1 and 95.1 microg/kg and 0-146 microg/kg, respectively. The possible role of nitrosamines in Thai food in the aetiology of liver cancer (HCC, CCA) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mitacek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, School of Medicine, 11794-8036, USA
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Mitacek EJ, Brunnemann KD, Hoffmann D, Limsila T, Suttajit M, Martin N, Caplan LS. Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:133-7. [PMID: 9934860 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aero-digestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of primary cancer of the liver, especially of cholangiocarcinoma in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand is associated with the use of tobacco in men infested with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Bioassays have shown that volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines induce cholangiocarcinoma in laboratory animals and that the hepatocarcinogenic action of nitrosodimethylamine in hamsters is significantly increased by infestation with the liver fluke OV. The endogenous formation of nitrosamines is significantly increased by OV infestation. This report presents analytical data on the concentration of volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of nine leading brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes which represent approximately 85% of the market share in Thailand. Observed ranges (ng/cigarette) were 8.5-31.9 for nitrosodimethylamine, 8.8-49.6 for nitrosopyrrolidine and 4.2-18.9 for nitrosodi-n-butylamine. These values are exceptionally high compared with the smoke of light and blended cigarettes from North America and Western Europe. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, the range was 28-730 for nitrosonornicotine and 16-370 for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. There was a correlation between volatile and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and tar and nicotine deliveries in the mainstream smoke. The analytical data are in line with the rate for lung cancer and support our working hypothesis that nitrosamines, and especially the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, are associated with the increased risk for primary liver cancer among those Thai people who smoke cigarettes and also carry OV infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mitacek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794-8036, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suttajit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Wasuntarawat C, Temcharoen P, Toskulkao C, Mungkornkarn P, Suttajit M, Glinsukon T. Developmental toxicity of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, in the hamster. Drug Chem Toxicol 1998; 21:207-22. [PMID: 9598301 DOI: 10.3109/01480549809011648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The developmental toxicity of steviol, a metabolite of stevioside, was studied in hamsters. Pregnant hamsters were intubated with steviol at dose levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 g/kg BW/day on days 6-10 of gestation. Steviol at doses of 0.75 and 1.0 g/kg BW/day were highly toxic to both dams and fetuses. Significant decrease of maternal body-weight gain during the experimental period (days 6-14) and high percentage of maternal mortality indicated the general toxicity of these two high doses. The number of live fetuses per litter and mean fetal weight also significantly decreased in the steviol-treated animals at doses of 0.75 and 1.0 g/kg BW day. The animals treated with an intermediate dose (0.50 g/kg BW/day) exhibited less signs of maternal and developmental toxicity than the two high doses (0.75 and 1.0 g/kg BW/day). One craniomeningocele was found in a fetus under the maternal toxic condition in steviol-treated at a dose of 0.75 g/kg BW/day. Neither the skeleton nor visceral development of the offspring was affected by steviol treatment except delayed ossification of the xiphoid (bifid) and long bones of the limbs and supernumerary thoracic ribs (14th ribs) tended to be increased at doses of 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg BW/day steviol. No dose-related teratogenesis was detected. From the result of the present study concerning maternal toxic condition and embryotoxicity, an oral dose of 0.25 g steviol/kg BW/day is regarded as having no observable effect. This steviol-treated dose is derived from stevioside 625 mg/kg BW/day which is approximately 80 times higher than the suggested acceptable daily intake of stevioside for humans (7.938 mg/kg BW/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wasuntarawat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Sone Y, Sakamoto N, Suga K, Imai K, Sonklin P, Sonklin O, Lipigorngoson S, Limtrakul PN, Suttajit M. Comparison of diets among elderly female residents in two suburban districts in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, in dry season--survey on high- and low-risk districts of lung cancer incidence. Appl Human Sci 1998; 17:49-56. [PMID: 9611367 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.17.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
By means of duplicate meals, we collected food samples of general female residents, aged 50 to 74 years at two suburban districts in Chiang Mai Province, which are distinguished by very high and low incidence rates of lung cancer. Then, on the basis of analyses of their consumption of foods by food groups, we compared their dietary habits in the dry season of northern Thailand with special reference to the difference in lung cancer incidence. In brief, the following features and difference in their dietary habits were found; 1) Rice, vegetables, and pork were most frequently eaten in both the districts. 2) Consumption of fruits, in both quantity and variety, at a high-risk district was much less than that at a low-risk district. 3) Female residents at a low-risk district consumed more variety of green and yellow vegetables than those at a high-risk district. 4). Potato was not found in food samples of a high-risk district. 5) confectionery was more prevalent in a low-risk district than at a high-risk district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sone
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Faculty of Science of Living, Osaka City University
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16
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Chanarat N, Chanarat P, Suttajit M, Chiewsilp D. Total antioxidant capacity in plasma of HIV-infected patients. J Med Assoc Thai 1997; 80 Suppl 1:S116-20. [PMID: 9347658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fasting EDTA plasma of 33 healthy and 64 HIV-infected patients was determined using H(2)O(2)-peroxidase-ABTS technique. The results revealed that the average TAC in HIV-infected patients was significantly lower than those in healthy normal persons. (0.161 +/- 0.097 vs 0.269 +/- 0.081 mmol/L Trolox equivalent, p < 0.05). Total lymphocytes were also counted using Hycel automatic cell counter and absolute CD4 numbers using Coulter CD4 manual kit. It was interesting that CD4 count was not correlated with the clinical symptoms of the patients. This paper suggests that prediction of severity and monitoring of the disease should be performed by determining both total lymphocyte count and total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chanarat
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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17
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Ueno Y, Nagata S, Tsutsumi T, Hasegawa A, Yoshida F, Suttajit M, Mebs D, Pütsch M, Vasconcelos V. Survey of microcystins in environmental water by a highly sensitive immunoassay based on monoclonal antibody. Nat Toxins 1996; 4:271-6. [PMID: 9029552 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)(1996)4:6<271::aid-nt4>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
By using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody, microcystin (MC) concentration was analyzed in environmental water samples (total, 134), collected in 1993-1995 from ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers in Japan, Thailand, Germany, and Portugal. MCs detected in the water samples filtered over a glass filter were designated as free MCs, and those samples that were freeze-thawed twice before the filtration were designated as total MCs. MCs (> 50 pg/ml) were detected in 14 of 24 samples collected from the lakes that were used as recreation and water supply in Japan in different regions. In the MC-positive samples, the concentration of free MCs was only a few percentages of the total MCs, indicating that the most part of MCs found in the water samples was present in algal cells. An additional trial on 33 samples collected continuously from Lake Inbanuma, Japan, during June-September 1994-1995 revealed that the total MCs were in a range of 52-52,000 pg/ml. In Chiang Mai, Thailand, 6 of 10 samples were positive, with the mean and highest of 161 and 354 pg/ml, respectively. In the Frankfurt area. Germany, 4 of 10 and 7 of 8 samples collected in the same lakes for recreation in July 1993 and November-December 1994 showed the presence of MCs, with their mean and highest values of 257 and 407 pg/ml, respectively. Another survey of MCs in dense bloomed samples collected with plankton net revealed a contamination of MCs up to 36,000 pg/ml. In Portugal, 28 of 29 samples from 4 lakes, 20 rivers, and 5 reservoirs were positive for MCs, with the respective means of 13,664, 11,048, and 2,278 pg/ml. These data indicated that MCs contaminate environmental water in ponds, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs worldwide. The present ELISA is considered to be a reliable tool for the mass monitoring and risk assessment of MCs in water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ueno
- Department of Toxicology and Microbial Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science University of Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Brunnemann KD, Mitacek EJ, Liu Y, Limsila T, Suttajit M. Assessment of major carcinogenic tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in Thai cigarettes. Cancer Detect Prev 1996; 20:114-21. [PMID: 8706036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This report presents new findings on the content of cancer-causing tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) in mainstream smoke of nine brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes, representing about 85% of market share in Thailand. Also tested were two major and popular brands of U.S. cigarettes sold in Thailand, representing about 10% of market share. The cigarettes included filter and nonfilter cigarettes with high, moderate, and low tar and nicotine yields. The observed range for N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was from 28 to 730 ng/cigarette and for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK) from 16 to 369 ng/cigarette. The relatively highest TSNA values were obtained in filter and nonfilter cigarettes with high tar (22.3-28.1 mg/cigarette) and high nicotine (1.78-2.42 mg/cigarette) deliveries. The results demonstrated that there is a correlation between TSNA and tar and nicotine deliveries in mainstream smoke. The TSNA deliveries, along with the tar and nicotine levels in mainstream smoke depended on the tobacco composition. According to these results, the tar levels alone, while significant, are not a sufficient measure for the biological activity and the carcinogenic potential of cigarettes in Thailand. Consumption of tobacco products nearly quadrupled over the last three decades (1966-1995) in Thailand. Lung cancer is the leading malignancy for men and a common malignancy for women in Thailand. This report provides information that may prove helpful in evaluating the TSNA-carcinogens burden on smokers. Our goal is to offer the scientific basis for voluntary and/or government-regulated reduction of the smoke yields of TSNA in tobacco products in Thailand and in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Brunnemann
- American Health Foundation, Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Toskulkao C, Sutheerawatananon M, Wanichanon C, Saitongdee P, Suttajit M. Effects of stevioside and steviol on intestinal glucose absorption in hamsters. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995; 41:105-13. [PMID: 7616317 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.41.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stevioside and steviol (a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of stevioside) on intestinal glucose absorption were examined in the hamster jejunum in vitro. By using the jejunal rings technique, we found that stevioside at a high dose of 5 mM had no inhibitory effect on glucose absorption. In contrast, glucose absorption was inhibited 43% by 1 mM steviol. The inhibition of glucose absorption by steviol was related to steviol concentration and incubation time. The inhibitory effect of steviol compared to phlorizin and ouabain was also investigated. Steviol, which caused a decrease in glucose accumulation in the intestinal ring tissues, possibly acts on the brush border membrane as does phlorizin. Furthermore, it was also found that steviol altered the morphology of the intestinal absorptive cells. These results suggest that the possible site of inhibitory action of steviol might be on the mucosal side and/or at the intracellular organelles of intestinal absorptive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toskulkao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Suttajit M, Vinitketkaumnuen U, Meevatee U, Buddhasukh D. Mutagenicity and human chromosomal effect of stevioside, a sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101 Suppl 3:53-56. [PMID: 8143647 PMCID: PMC1521159 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.93101s353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have been popularly used as a sweetener in foods and beverages for diabetics and obese people due to their potent sweetener stevioside. In this report, stevioside and steviol were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 and for chromosomal effects on cultured human lymphocytes. Stevioside was not mutagenic at concentrations up to 25 mg/plate, but showed direct mutagenicity to only TA98 at 50 mg/plate. However, steviol did not exhibit mutagenicity in either TA98 or TA100, with or without metabolic activation. No significant chromosomal effect of stevioside and steviol was observed in cultured blood lymphocytes from healthy donors (n = 5). This study indicates that stevioside and steviol are neither mutagenic nor clastogenic in vitro at the limited doses; however, in vivo genotoxic tests and long-term effects of stevioside and steviol are yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suttajit
- Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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21
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Abstract
We studied the effect of soybean milk protein (SMP) in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment on mouse skin. Mice were given soybean protein isolate (SPI) diet or SPI diet supplemented with SMP. After 4 weeks on the diets, the mice were shaved and a tumor initiator was applied. A tumor promotor was then applied twice a week on the same area of the skin throughout the experiment. After 20 weeks on the treatment, the percentage of tumor-bearing mice and the volume of tumor tended to be lower in the mice on the SMP diet than those on the SPI diet. The number of tumor was also significantly lower in the former group as compared to the latter group. There was no difference in growth between mice of the SPI and SMP groups. The results indicate the safety and the anti-carcinogenic effect of SMP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Limtrakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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22
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Sutabhaha S, Suttajit M, Niyomca P. Studies of aflatoxins in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Kitasato Arch Exp Med 1992; 65:45-52. [PMID: 1479782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins become an economical problem in our country due to its contamination in agricultural commodities for export. The toxin may also cause hepatoma and liver diseases in the Thais as well. It is, therefore, necessary to search for and to develop efficient technology to combat and control such dangerous mold and mycotoxins. This paper is a collection of our previous and present studies towards reduction of risk from aflatoxins in foods and feedstuffs. The investigation of mold and aflatoxin contamination in local foods and feedstuffs in Chiang Mai area was made. The inhibitory effect of garlic extract on growth of Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxin production was demonstrated. Detoxification of aflatoxins by chemicals such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium benzoate was also shown. Preventions of toxigenic mold growth and its aflatoxin production by means of some food preservative were reported. Modifications of such effective chemicals were investigated for safety in future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sutabhaha
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This report presents new findings on the composition of the three best-selling brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes, representing about 80% of market share in Thailand, and six best-selling tobacco products, including hand-rolled cigarettes and cigars. RESULTS With one exception, all Thai cigarettes yielded higher levels of tar and nicotine than U.S. brands sold in Thailand. High levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO) were found in the smoke of popular Thai cigars (Khiyo) and Burmese cigars sold in Thailand. All tobacco products tested were ranked in order of smoke yields of tar (cigarettes, 4.5 to 40.8 mg/cigarette), nicotine (0.19 to 5.77 mg/cigarette), and CO (3.1 to 9.5 mg/cigarette). The labels "very strong," "strong," and "mild," used in rating the tobacco quality by the growers in Thailand, were not found to reflect the relative nicotine and tar yields. From 1985-1990, per capita consumption of cigarettes in Thailand increased 1.4-fold. CONCLUSION This report provides information that may prove helpful in the evaluation of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigarettes and cigars in Thailand compared with levels in U.S. cigarettes. It is our goal to offer the scientific basis for voluntary and/or regulated reduction of the smoke yields of tobacco products in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mitacek
- Life Sciences Division, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury 11568
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Abstract
The tumor promoter okadaic acid binds specifically to a particulate as well as a cytosolic fraction of various mouse tissues, e.g., skin, brain, lung and colon. The KD value was 21.7 nM for receptors in the particulate fraction and 1.0 nM for those in the cytosolic fraction of mouse skin. The specific binding of [3H]okadaic acid to the particulate fraction of mouse skin was inhibited dose-dependently by okadaic acid, but not okadaic acid tetramethyl ether, an inactive compound, or by other tumor promoters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and teleocidin. The results suggest a new pathway of tumor promotion mediated through the okadaic acid receptor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suganuma
- Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Hirota M, Suttajit M, Suguri H, Endo Y, Shudo K, Wongchai V, Hecker E, Fujiki H. A new tumor promoter from the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L., an intramolecular diester of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol. Cancer Res 1988; 48:5800-4. [PMID: 3167837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new type of phorbol ester, which has a macrocyclic dicarboxylic acid diester structure, was isolated from the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae). Based on the results of spectroscopic analyses of the compound and its chemical degradation products, its structure is proposed to be an intramolecular 13,16-diester of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol, 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol-4'-[12',14'-butadienyl]-6'-[16',18',20' - nonatrienyl]-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-(13-O)-2'-[carboxylate]-(16-O)-3 '- [8'-butenoic-10']ate (DHPB). DHPB showed slightly weaker biological and biochemical activities than 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). DHPB induced ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin (2.8 nmol CO2/30 min/mg protein/34 nmol application), inhibited the specific binding of [3H]-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to phorbol ester receptors (50% effective dose, 17.0 nM), and activated protein kinase C in vitro (50% effective dose, 36.0 nM). Also, a weak tumor-promoting activity of DHPB was found in a two-stage carcinogenesis experiment on mouse skin. One week after initiation of mice with 100 micrograms of 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene, topical application, twice a week, of 2 micrograms of DHPB until week 17, followed by application of 5 microgram of DHPB until week 30 at the same rate, resulted in 46.7% incidence of tumors by week 30. The groups treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene alone or DHPB alone did not produce significant numbers of tumors. These results indicate that the new phorbol ester, DHPB, is a tumor promoter with weaker activity than 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirota
- Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Pongpaew P, Suttajit M, Supawan V, Torprasert S, Prayurahong B, Migasena P. Serum proteinase inhibitors and glutamyl transferase in patients suffering from cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast and cervix. J Med Assoc Thai 1988; 71:310-3. [PMID: 2902180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Niyomca P, Suttajit M. INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF BENZOIC, PROPIONIC AND SORBIC ACIDS ON GROWTH AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF ASPERGILLUS FLAYUS IN PEANUTS AND CORNS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.2520/myco1975.1988.1supplement_83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Horiuchi T, Fujiki H, Hirota M, Suttajit M, Suganuma M, Yoshioka A, Wongchai V, Hecker E, Sugimura T. Presence of tumor promoters in the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. from Thailand. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987; 78:223-6. [PMID: 3106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. was shown to contain skin tumor promoters in a two-stage mouse carcinogenesis experiment. By using the irritant test on mouse ear to monitor activity, the "irritant fraction" was partially purified from the methanol extract of the seed oil by column chromatographies on Florisil and Sephadex LH-20. The irritant fraction obtained induced ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin and inhibited the specific binding of 3H-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to a particulate fraction of mouse skin. After initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), this "irritant fraction" induced tumors in the skin of 36% of the mice tested in 30 weeks. Tumor incidences in the groups treated with DMBA alone and "irritant fraction" alone were 7% and 13% in week 30, respectively. Since the skin of Thai people comes into direct contact with this seed oil, an epidemiological study on human skin cancer in Thailand is indicated.
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Roboz J, Suttajit M, Bekesi JG. Elimination of 2-deoxyribose interference in the thiobarbituric acid determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in tumor cells by pH-dependent extraction with cyclohexanone. Anal Biochem 1981; 110:380-8. [PMID: 7235225 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Schelp FP, Thanangkul O, Supawan V, Suttajit M, Meyers C, Pimpantha R, Pongpaew P, Migasena P. Serum proteinase inhibitors and acute-phase reactants from protein-energy malnutrition children during treatment. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32:1415-22. [PMID: 88174 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/32.7.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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31
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Suttajit M, Winzler RJ. Effect of modification of N-acetylneuraminic acid on the binding of glycoproteins to influenza virus and on susceptibility to cleavage by neuraminidase. J Biol Chem 1971; 246:3398-404. [PMID: 4324901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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32
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Suttajit M, Reichert LE, Winzler RJ. Effect of modification of N-acetylneuraminic acid on the biological activity of human and ovine follicle-stimulating hormone. J Biol Chem 1971; 246:3405-8. [PMID: 4324902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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33
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Suttajit M, Urban C, McLean RL. N-acetylneuraminic acid analogues. II. The action of N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase on 8-carbon and 7-carbon analogues. J Biol Chem 1971; 246:810-4. [PMID: 4322517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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34
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McLean RL, Suttajit M, Beidler J, Winzler RJ. N-acetylneuraminic acid analogues. I. Preparation of the 8-carbon and 7-carbon compounds. J Biol Chem 1971; 246:803-9. [PMID: 5100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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