1
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Exotic Dark Matter Search with the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:041001. [PMID: 38335333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos ν_{s}→ν_{a}. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1-100)-keV low-energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019 using a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München 85748, Germany
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J Rager
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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2
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Goett J, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, López-Castaño JM, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Meijer W, Oli TK, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Rouyer A, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Schleich SJ, Smith-Gandy TA, Tedeschi D, Thompson JD, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Watkins SL, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Alves DSM, Hebenstiel L, Ramani H. Constraints on the Decay of ^{180m}Ta. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:152501. [PMID: 37897780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
^{180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower-energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter, and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the Majorana Demonstrator, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^{76}Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of ^{180m}Ta. More than 17 kg, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search, was installed within the ultralow-background detector array. In this Letter, we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the ^{180m}Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5×10^{19} yr, we improved existing limits by 1-2 orders of magnitude which are the most sensitive searches for a single β and electron capture decay ever achieved. Over all channels, the decay can be excluded for T_{1/2}<0.29×10^{18} yr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D S M Alves
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Hebenstiel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Ramani
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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3
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Aalbers J, Akerib DS, Akerlof CW, Al Musalhi AK, Alder F, Alqahtani A, Alsum SK, Amarasinghe CS, Ames A, Anderson TJ, Angelides N, Araújo HM, Armstrong JE, Arthurs M, Azadi S, Bailey AJ, Baker A, Balajthy J, Balashov S, Bang J, Bargemann JW, Barry MJ, Barthel J, Bauer D, Baxter A, Beattie K, Belle J, Beltrame P, Bensinger J, Benson T, Bernard EP, Bhatti A, Biekert A, Biesiadzinski TP, Birch HJ, Birrittella B, Blockinger GM, Boast KE, Boxer B, Bramante R, Brew CAJ, Brás P, Buckley JH, Bugaev VV, Burdin S, Busenitz JK, Buuck M, Cabrita R, Carels C, Carlsmith DL, Carlson B, Carmona-Benitez MC, Cascella M, Chan C, Chawla A, Chen H, Cherwinka JJ, Chott NI, Cole A, Coleman J, Converse MV, Cottle A, Cox G, Craddock WW, Creaner O, Curran D, Currie A, Cutter JE, Dahl CE, David A, Davis J, Davison TJR, Delgaudio J, Dey S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Dushkin A, Edberg TK, Edwards WR, Elnimr MM, Emmet WT, Eriksen SR, Faham CH, Fan A, Fayer S, Fearon NM, Fiorucci S, Flaecher H, Ford P, Francis VB, Fraser ED, Fruth T, Gaitskell RJ, Gantos NJ, Garcia D, Geffre A, Gehman VM, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gibbons R, Gibson E, Gilchriese MGD, Gokhale S, Gomber B, Green J, Greenall A, Greenwood S, van der Grinten MGD, Gwilliam CB, Hall CR, Hans S, Hanzel K, Harrison A, Hartigan-O'Connor E, Haselschwardt SJ, Hernandez MA, Hertel SA, Heuermann G, Hjemfelt C, Hoff MD, Holtom E, Hor JYK, Horn M, Huang DQ, Hunt D, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, James RS, Jeffery SN, Ji W, Johnson J, Kaboth AC, Kamaha AC, Kamdin K, Kasey V, Kazkaz K, Keefner J, Khaitan D, Khaleeq M, Khazov A, Khurana I, Kim YD, Kocher CD, Kodroff D, Korley L, Korolkova EV, Kras J, Kraus H, Kravitz S, Krebs HJ, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Kudryavtsev VA, Kyre S, Landerud B, Leason EA, Lee C, Lee J, Leonard DS, Leonard R, Lesko KT, Levy C, Li J, Liao FT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Linehan R, Lippincott WH, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Y, Loniewski C, Lopes MI, Lopez Asamar E, López Paredes B, Lorenzon W, Lucero D, Luitz S, Lyle JM, Majewski PA, Makkinje J, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Manenti L, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, Maupin C, McCarthy ME, McConnell CT, McKinsey DN, McLaughlin J, Meng Y, Migneault J, Miller EH, Mizrachi E, Mock JA, Monte A, Monzani ME, Morad JA, Morales Mendoza JD, Morrison E, Mount BJ, Murdy M, Murphy ASJ, Naim D, Naylor A, Nedlik C, Nehrkorn C, Neves F, Nguyen A, Nikoleyczik JA, Nilima A, O'Dell J, O'Neill FG, O'Sullivan K, Olcina I, Olevitch MA, Oliver-Mallory KC, Orpwood J, Pagenkopf D, Pal S, Palladino KJ, Palmer J, Pangilinan M, Parveen N, Patton SJ, Pease EK, Penning B, Pereira C, Pereira G, Perry E, Pershing T, Peterson IB, Piepke A, Podczerwinski J, Porzio D, Powell S, Preece RM, Pushkin K, Qie Y, Ratcliff BN, Reichenbacher J, Reichhart L, Rhyne CA, Richards A, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rodrigues JP, Rodriguez A, Rose HJ, Rosero R, Rossiter P, Rushton T, Rutherford G, Rynders D, Saba JS, Santone D, Sazzad ABMR, Schnee RW, Scovell PR, Seymour D, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silk JJ, Silva C, Sinev G, Skarpaas K, Skulski W, Smith R, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Soria J, Stancu I, Stark MR, Stevens A, Stiegler TM, Stifter K, Studley R, Suerfu B, Sumner TJ, Sutcliffe P, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Tan M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Temples DJ, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Thomas KJ, Tiedt DR, Timalsina M, To WH, Tomás A, Tong Z, Tovey DR, Tranter J, Trask M, Tripathi M, Tronstad DR, Tull CE, Turner W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Va'vra J, Vacheret A, Vaitkus AC, Verbus JR, Voirin E, Waldron WL, Wang A, Wang B, Wang JJ, Wang W, Wang Y, Watson JR, Webb RC, White A, White DT, White JT, White RG, Whitis TJ, Williams M, Wisniewski WJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Wolfs JD, Woodford S, Woodward D, Worm SD, Wright CJ, Xia Q, Xiang X, Xiao Q, Xu J, Yeh M, Yin J, Young I, Zarzhitsky P, Zuckerman A, Zweig EA. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:041002. [PMID: 37566836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aalbers
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - D S Akerib
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C W Akerlof
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A K Al Musalhi
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Alder
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Alqahtani
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S K Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C S Amarasinghe
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A Ames
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Anderson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - N Angelides
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Armstrong
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - M Arthurs
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S Azadi
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baker
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - S Balashov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J W Bargemann
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M J Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Barthel
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Bauer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baxter
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Beattie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Belle
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Bensinger
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T Benson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E P Bernard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - A Biekert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - H J Birch
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B Birrittella
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - G M Blockinger
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - K E Boast
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Bramante
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C A J Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - V V Bugaev
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J K Busenitz
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Buuck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R Cabrita
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carels
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D L Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - B Carlson
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - M Cascella
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Chawla
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J J Cherwinka
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N I Chott
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Cole
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Coleman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M V Converse
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Cottle
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - G Cox
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - W W Craddock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - O Creaner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Curran
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - C E Dahl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - A David
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Davis
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Delgaudio
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Dey
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L de Viveiros
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Dushkin
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T K Edberg
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M M Elnimr
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W T Emmet
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - S R Eriksen
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - S Fayer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N M Fearon
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H Flaecher
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - P Ford
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - V B Francis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E D Fraser
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T Fruth
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N J Gantos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Garcia
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Geffre
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Genovesi
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C Ghag
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Gibbons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - E Gibson
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - S Gokhale
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Gomber
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Green
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Greenall
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S Greenwood
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C B Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Hanzel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Harrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Hartigan-O'Connor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M A Hernandez
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - G Heuermann
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - C Hjemfelt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M D Hoff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E Holtom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Y-K Hor
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Horn
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Hunt
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R S James
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S N Jeffery
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Johnson
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A C Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A C Kamaha
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
| | - K Kamdin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - V Kasey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J Keefner
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M Khaleeq
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Khazov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - I Khurana
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Y D Kim
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C D Kocher
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Kodroff
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - L Korley
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Kras
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - H Kraus
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H J Krebs
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - L Kreczko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Krikler
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kyre
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Landerud
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E A Leason
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Lee
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - R Leonard
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - C Levy
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J Li
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - F-T Liao
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Lindote
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Linehan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Liu
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - X Liu
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Y Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C Loniewski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M I Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B López Paredes
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Lorenzon
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - D Lucero
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J M Lyle
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - P A Majewski
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Makkinje
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D C Malling
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - L Manenti
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M F Marzioni
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Maupin
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M E McCarthy
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - C T McConnell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D N McKinsey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J McLaughlin
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - Y Meng
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Migneault
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E H Miller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Mizrachi
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J A Mock
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - A Monte
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State
| | - J A Morad
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - E Morrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - B J Mount
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - M Murdy
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - A St J Murphy
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - D Naim
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nedlik
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - F Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Nguyen
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J A Nikoleyczik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - A Nilima
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Dell
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F G O'Neill
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Olcina
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M A Olevitch
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J Orpwood
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Pagenkopf
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - S Pal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Palmer
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Pangilinan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N Parveen
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - S J Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - B Penning
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - C Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Perry
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Pershing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - I B Peterson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Piepke
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Podczerwinski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - D Porzio
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Powell
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R M Preece
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - K Pushkin
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y Qie
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C A Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Richards
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Q Riffard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Rodriguez
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - H J Rose
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - T Rushton
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - G Rutherford
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Rynders
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - J S Saba
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Santone
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A B M R Sazzad
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - P R Scovell
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Seymour
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S Shaw
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T Shutt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J J Silk
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - C Silva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - W Skulski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Soria
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Stancu
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M R Stark
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Stevens
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T M Stiegler
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K Stifter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Studley
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - B Suerfu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Sutcliffe
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - N Swanson
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - M Tan
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - R Taylor
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D J Temples
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - B P Tennyson
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - P A Terman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K J Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M Timalsina
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - W H To
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - A Tomás
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Tong
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D R Tovey
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Tranter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Trask
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - D R Tronstad
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - U Utku
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - A Vacheret
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Vaitkus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E Voirin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - W L Waldron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - B Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J J Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J R Watson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - A White
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D T White
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - J T White
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - R G White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Whitis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Williams
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - M S Witherell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - F L H Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - J D Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - S Woodford
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - S D Worm
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C J Wright
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - X Xiang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xiao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - M Yeh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - J Yin
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - I Young
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - A Zuckerman
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E A Zweig
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
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4
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Erratum: Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 080401 (2022)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:239902. [PMID: 37354428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.239902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.080401.
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5
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Barton PJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Final Result of the Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:062501. [PMID: 36827565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Majorana Demonstrator searched for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of ^{76}Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to ∼88% in ^{76}Ge). From these measurements, the Demonstrator has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV Q_{ββ} (0.12%), we set a half-life limit of 0νββ in ^{76}Ge at T_{1/2}>8.3×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on m_{ββ} of (113-269) meV (90% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - P J Barton
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München, 85748 Germany
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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6
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wave Function Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:080401. [PMID: 36053678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) array of p-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19-100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, λ, providing a factor of 40-100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Diòsi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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7
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Search for Solar Axions via Axion-Photon Coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:081803. [PMID: 36053699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between January, 2017 and November, 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as g_{aγ}<1.45×10^{-9} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level) for axions with mass up to 100 eV/c^{2}. This improves laboratory-based limits between about 1 eV/c^{2} and 100 eV/c^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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8
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bertrand FE, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Drobizhev A, Edwards TR, Edwins DW, Edzards F, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Gilliss T, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Hegedus RJ, Henning R, Aguilar DH, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Myslik J, Oli TK, Othman G, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Saykı B, Schönert S, Stortini MJ, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Willers M, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. α -event characterization and rejection in point-contact HPGe detectors. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:226. [PMID: 35310515 PMCID: PMC8921096 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to α particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p + surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the Majorana Demonstrator experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ( 0 ν β β ) in 76 Ge. α decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of α identification, reliably identifying α background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface α events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the 0 ν β β region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the Majorana Demonstrator and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. J. Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - F. T. Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - A. S. Barabash
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - C. J. Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | | | - E. Blalock
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - B. Bos
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - M. Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - M. Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Present Address: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - T. S. Caldwell
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Y.-D. Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - P.-H. Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. L. Clark
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - J. A. Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. Drobizhev
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. R. Edwards
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - D. W. Edwins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - F. Edzards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Y. Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA
| | - S. R. Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - T. Gilliss
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
- Present Address: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - G. K. Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA
| | - M. P. Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. Gruszko
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - I. S. Guinn
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - C. R. Haufe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - R. J. Hegedus
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - R. Henning
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - D. Hervas Aguilar
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - E. W. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - A. Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - I. Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - R. T. Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - A. M. Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA
| | | | - E. L. Martin
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. D. Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - R. Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. J. Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Myslik
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. K. Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - G. Othman
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
- Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Pettus
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA
| | - A. W. P. Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - D. C. Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - J. Rager
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
- Present Address: Applied Research Associated, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA
| | - A. L. Reine
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - K. Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - N. W. Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - B. Saykı
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Schönert
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - M. J. Stortini
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - D. Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - R. L. Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - S. Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - J. F. Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - M. Willers
- Present Address: Physik-Department, Technische Universität, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - C. Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - W. Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - C.-H. Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA
| | - B. X. Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
- Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
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9
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Alvis S, Arnquist I, Avignone F, Barabash A, Barton C, Basu V, Bertrand F, Bos B, Brudanin V, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell T, Chan YD, Christofferson C, Chu PH, Cuesta C, Detwiler J, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott S, Gilliss T, Giovanetti G, Green M, Gruszko J, Guinn I, Guiseppe V, Haufe C, Hegedus R, Hehn L, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe E, Howe M, Keeter K, Kidd M, Konovalov S, Kouzes R, Lopez A, Martin R, Massarczyk R, Meijer S, Mertens S, Myslik J, Othman G, Pettus W, Piliounis A, Poon A, Radford D, Rager J, Reine A, Rielage K, Ruof N, Shanks B, Shirchenko M, Tedeschi D, Varner R, Vasilyev S, White B, Wilkerson J, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yakushev E, Yu CH, Yumatov V, Zhitnikov I, Zhu B. Search for trinucleon decay in the Majorana Demonstrator. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.072004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Alvis SI, Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bertrand FE, Brudanin V, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Dunagan C, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Gilliss T, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Hehn L, Henning R, Hoppe EW, Howe MA, Konovalov SI, Kouzes RT, Lopez AM, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Myslik J, O'Shaughnessy C, Othman G, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Robertson RGH, Ruof NW, Shanks B, Shirchenko M, Suriano AM, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Vorren K, White BR, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yakushev E, Yu CH, Yumatov V, Zhitnikov I, Zhu BX. First Limit on the Direct Detection of Lightly Ionizing Particles for Electric Charge as Low as e/1000 with the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:211804. [PMID: 29883176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.211804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Majorana Demonstrator is an ultralow-background experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in ^{76}Ge. The heavily shielded array of germanium detectors, placed nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, also allows searches for new exotic physics. Free, relativistic, lightly ionizing particles with an electrical charge less than e are forbidden by the standard model but predicted by some of its extensions. If such particles exist, they might be detected in the Majorana Demonstrator by searching for multiple-detector events with individual-detector energy depositions down to 1 keV. This search is background-free, and no candidate events have been found in 285 days of data taking. New direct-detection limits are set for the flux of lightly ionizing particles for charges as low as e/1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Alvis
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F E Bertrand
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V Brudanin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - M Busch
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Christofferson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Dunagan
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Gilliss
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - L Hehn
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Henning
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M A Howe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - S I Konovalov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department, Technische Universität, München 85748, Germany
| | - J Myslik
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C O'Shaughnessy
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - G Othman
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J Rager
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B Shanks
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - M Shirchenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - A M Suriano
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - K Vorren
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - B R White
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - E Yakushev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V Yumatov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - I Zhitnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Yu CH, Alvis S, Arnquist I, Avignone F, Barabash A, Barton C, Bertrand F, Bode T, Brudanin V, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell T, Chan YD, Christofferson C, Chu PH, Cuesta C, Detwiler J, Dunagan C, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott S, Gilliss T, Giovanetti G, Green M, Gruszko J, Guinn I, Guiseppe V, Haufe C, Hehn L, Henning R, Hoppe E, Howe M, Keeter K, Kidd M, Konovalov S, Kouzes R, Lopez A, Martin R, Massarczyk R, Meijer S, Mertens S, Myslik J, Othman G, Pettus W, Poon A, Radford D, Rager J, Reine A, Rielage K, Ruof N, Shanks B, Shirchenko M, Suriano A, Tedeschi D, Varner R, Vasilyev S, Vetter K, Vorren K, White B, Wilkerson J, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yakushev E, Yumatov V, Zhitnikov I, Zhu B. The Majorana Demonstrator Status and Preliminary Results. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817801006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Majorana Collaboration is using an array of high-purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge. Searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay are understood to be the only viable experimental method for testing the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Observation of this decay would imply violation of lepton number, that neutrinos are Majorana in nature, and provide information on the neutrino mass. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of p-type point-contact Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in 76Ge) surrounded by a low-background shield system. The experiment achieved a high efficiency of converting raw Ge material to detectors and an unprecedented detector energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Qββ. The Majorana collaboration began taking physics data in 2016. This paper summarizes key construction aspects of the Demonstrator and shows preliminary results from initial data.
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Aalseth CE, Abgrall N, Aguayo E, Alvis SI, Amman M, Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Back HO, Barabash AS, Barbeau PS, Barton CJ, Barton PJ, Bertrand FE, Bode T, Bos B, Boswell M, Bradley AW, Brodzinski RL, Brudanin V, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell AS, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Collar JI, Combs DC, Cooper RJ, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Doe PJ, Dunmore JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Fast JE, Finnerty P, Fraenkle FM, Fu Z, Fujikawa BK, Fuller E, Galindo-Uribarri A, Gehman VM, Gilliss T, Giovanetti GK, Goett J, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Hallin AL, Haufe CR, Hehn L, Henning R, Hoppe EW, Hossbach TW, Howe MA, Jasinski BR, Johnson RA, Keeter KJ, Kephart JD, Kidd MF, Knecht A, Konovalov SI, Kouzes RT, LaFerriere BD, Leon J, Lesko KT, Leviner LE, Loach JC, Lopez AM, Luke PN, MacMullin J, MacMullin S, Marino MG, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, McDonald AB, Mei DM, Meijer SJ, Merriman JH, Mertens S, Miley HS, Miller ML, Myslik J, Orrell JL, O'Shaughnessy C, Othman G, Overman NR, Perumpilly G, Pettus W, Phillips DG, Poon AWP, Pushkin K, Radford DC, Rager J, Reeves JH, Reine AL, Rielage K, Robertson RGH, Ronquest MC, Ruof NW, Schubert AG, Shanks B, Shirchenko M, Snavely KJ, Snyder N, Steele D, Suriano AM, Tedeschi D, Tornow W, Trimble JE, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Vetter K, Vorren K, White BR, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yakushev E, Yaver H, Young AR, Yu CH, Yumatov V, Zhitnikov I, Zhu BX, Zimmermann S. Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay in ^{76}Ge with the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:132502. [PMID: 29694188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.132502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Majorana Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-β decay in ^{76}Ge. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in ^{76}Ge) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Q_{ββ} and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 9.95 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of 1.9×10^{25} yr (90% C.L.). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240-520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is 4.0_{-2.5}^{+3.1} counts/(FWHM t yr).
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Aalseth
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N Abgrall
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Aguayo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - S I Alvis
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Amman
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - H O Back
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - P J Barton
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F E Bertrand
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - T Bode
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, 80805 Germany
| | - B Bos
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M Boswell
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - A W Bradley
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R L Brodzinski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - V Brudanin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A S Caldwell
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Christofferson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J I Collar
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - D C Combs
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R J Cooper
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J A Detwiler
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P J Doe
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J A Dunmore
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J E Fast
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - P Finnerty
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - F M Fraenkle
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Z Fu
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B K Fujikawa
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Fuller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | | | - V M Gehman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Gilliss
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Goett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Hallin
- Centre for Particle Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - C R Haufe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - L Hehn
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Henning
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T W Hossbach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M A Howe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - B R Jasinski
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K J Keeter
- Department of Physics, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799, USA
| | - J D Kephart
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - A Knecht
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S I Konovalov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B D LaFerriere
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Leon
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L E Leviner
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J C Loach
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - P N Luke
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J MacMullin
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - S MacMullin
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - M G Marino
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A B McDonald
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - D-M Mei
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - J H Merriman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, 80805 Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München, 85748 Germany
| | - H S Miley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M L Miller
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Myslik
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - C O'Shaughnessy
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - G Othman
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - N R Overman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - G Perumpilly
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D G Phillips
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Pushkin
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J Rager
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - J H Reeves
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M C Ronquest
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A G Schubert
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B Shanks
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - M Shirchenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - K J Snavely
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - N Snyder
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - D Steele
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A M Suriano
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W Tornow
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J E Trimble
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - K Vetter
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Vorren
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - B R White
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W Xu
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - E Yakushev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - H Yaver
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A R Young
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V Yumatov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218 Russia
| | - I Zhitnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980 Russia
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Zimmermann
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Abgrall N, Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Bertrand FE, Bradley AW, Brudanin V, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Dunagan C, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Gilliss T, Giovanetti GK, Goett J, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CRS, Henning R, Hoppe EW, Howard S, Howe MA, Jasinski BR, Keeter KJ, Kidd MF, Konovalov SI, Kouzes RT, Lopez AM, MacMullin J, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, O'Shaughnessy C, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Robertson RGH, Shanks B, Shirchenko M, Suriano AM, Tedeschi D, Trimble JE, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Vetter K, Vorren K, White BR, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yakushev E, Yu CH, Yumatov V, Zhitnikov I, Zhu BX. New Limits on Bosonic Dark Matter, Solar Axions, Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation, and Electron Decay from the Majorana Demonstrator. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:161801. [PMID: 28474933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.161801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present new limits on exotic keV-scale physics based on 478 kg d of Majorana Demonstrator commissioning data. Constraints at the 90% confidence level are derived on bosonic dark matter (DM) and solar axion couplings, Pauli exclusion principle violating (PEPV) decay, and electron decay using monoenergetic peak signal limits above our background. Our most stringent DM constraints are set for 11.8 keV mass particles, limiting g_{Ae}<4.5×10^{-13} for pseudoscalars and (α^{'}/α)<9.7×10^{-28} for vectors. We also report a 14.4 keV solar axion coupling limit of g_{AN}^{eff}×g_{Ae}<3.8×10^{-17}, a 1/2β^{2}<8.5×10^{-48} limit on the strength of PEPV electron transitions, and a lower limit on the electron lifetime of τ_{e}>1.2×10^{24} yr for e^{-}→ invisible.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abgrall
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - F E Bertrand
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A W Bradley
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Brudanin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - M Busch
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Christofferson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Dunagan
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Gilliss
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Goett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - C R S Haufe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - R Henning
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Howard
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - M A Howe
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - B R Jasinski
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K J Keeter
- Department of Physics, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - S I Konovalov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J MacMullin
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München 80805, Germany
| | - C O'Shaughnessy
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Rager
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B Shanks
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - M Shirchenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - A M Suriano
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J E Trimble
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - K Vetter
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Vorren
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - B R White
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - E Yakushev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V Yumatov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - I Zhitnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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