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West CC, Hardy WR, Murray IR, James AW, Corselli M, Pang S, Black C, Lobo SE, Sukhija K, Liang P, Lagishetty V, Hay DC, March KL, Ting K, Soo C, Péault B. Prospective purification of perivascular presumptive mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue: process optimization and cell population metrics across a large cohort of diverse demographics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:47. [PMID: 27029948 PMCID: PMC4815276 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as it is largely dispensable and readily accessible through minimally invasive procedures such as liposuction. Until recently MSC could only be isolated in a process involving ex-vivo culture and their in-vivo identity, location and frequency remained elusive. We have documented that pericytes (CD45-, CD146+, and CD34-) and adventitial cells (CD45-, CD146-, CD34+) (collectively termed perivascular stem cells or PSC) represent native ancestors of the MSC, and can be prospectively purified using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). In this study we describe an optimized protocol that aims to deliver pure, viable and consistent yields of PSC from adipose tissue. We analysed the frequency of PSC within adipose tissue, and the effect of patient and procedure based variables on this yield. METHODS Within this twin centre study we analysed the adipose tissue of n = 131 donors using flow cytometry to determine the frequency of PSC and correlate this with demographic and processing data such as age, sex, BMI and cold storage time of the tissue. RESULTS The mean number of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from 100 ml of lipoaspirate was 34.4 million. Within the SVF, mean cell viability was 83 %, with 31.6 % of cells being haematopoietic (CD45+). Adventitial cells and pericytes represented 33.0 % and 8 % of SVF cells respectively. Therefore, a 200 ml lipoaspirate would theoretically yield 23.2 million viable prospectively purified PSC - sufficient for many reconstructive and regenerative applications. Minimal changes were observed in respect to age, sex and BMI suggesting universal potential application. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue contains two anatomically and phenotypically discreet populations of MSC precursors - adventitial cells and pericytes - together referred to as perivascular stem cells (PSC). More than 9 million PSC per 100 ml of lipoaspirate can be rapidly purified to homogeneity using flow cytometry in clinically relevant numbers potentially circumventing the need for purification and expansion by culture prior to clinical use. The number and viability of PSC are minimally affected by patient age, sex, BMI or the storage time of the tissue, but the quality and consistency of yield can be significantly influenced by procedure based variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. C. West
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Vascular Regeneration & Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St Johns Hospital, Howden Road West, Livingston, UK
| | - W. R. Hardy
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - I. R. Murray
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Vascular Regeneration & Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. W. James
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - M. Corselli
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA USA
| | - S. Pang
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - C. Black
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S. E. Lobo
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K. Sukhija
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaweah Delta Health Care District, Visalia, CA USA
| | - P. Liang
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - V. Lagishetty
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - D. C. Hay
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Vascular Regeneration & Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K. L. March
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, and Vascular and Cardiac Center for Adult Stem Cell Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - K. Ting
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - C. Soo
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - B. Péault
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Vascular Regeneration & Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Valadares MC, Gomes JP, Castello G, Assoni A, Pellati M, Bueno C, Corselli M, Silva H, Bartolini P, Vainzof M, Margarido PF, Baracat E, Péault B, Zatz M. Human Adipose Tissue Derived Pericytes Increase Life Span in Utrn tm1Ked Dmd mdx /J Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:830-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate in vitro into chondrocytes, osteocytes and myocytes holds great promise for tissue engineering. Skeletal defects are emerging as key targets for treatment using MSCs due to the high responsiveness of bone to interventions in animal models. Interest in MSCs has further expanded in recognition of their ability to release growth factors and to adjust immune responses. Despite their increasing application in clinical trials, the origin and role of MSCs in the development, repair and regeneration of organs have remained unclear. Until recently, MSCs could only be isolated in a process that requires culture in a laboratory; these cells were being used for tissue engineering without understanding their native location and function. MSCs isolated in this indirect way have been used in clinical trials and remain the reference standard cellular substrate for musculoskeletal engineering. The therapeutic use of autologous MSCs is currently limited by the need for ex vivo expansion and by heterogeneity within MSC preparations. The recent discovery that the walls of blood vessels harbour native precursors of MSCs has led to their prospective identification and isolation. MSCs may therefore now be purified from dispensable tissues such as lipo-aspirate and returned for clinical use in sufficient quantity, negating the requirement for ex vivo expansion and a second surgical procedure. In this annotation we provide an update on the recent developments in the understanding of the identity of MSCs within tissues and outline how this may affect their use in orthopaedic surgery in the future. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:291–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. R. Murray
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The
University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16
4UU, UK
| | - M. Corselli
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F. A. Petrigliano
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C. Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University
of California, Los Angeles, California
90095, USA
| | - B. Péault
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Russell AP, Crisan M, Léger B, Corselli M, McAinch AJ, O'Brien PE, Cameron-Smith D, Péault B, Casteilla L, Giacobino JP. Brown adipocyte progenitor population is modified in obese and diabetic skeletal muscle. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:155-8. [PMID: 21522126 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue mitochondria express the unique thermogenic uncoupling protein-1. Recently, brown adipocyte progenitors have been identified in the CD34+ cell population of human skeletal muscle. The aims of this study were firstly to determine if obesity and diabetes have altered amounts of muscle brown adipocyte progenitors and, secondly, to establish if the latter are correlated with clinical parameters of obesity and diabetes. Body mass index (BMI), plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides as well as homeostasis model assessment were measured in lean (n=10), obese (n=18) and obese-diabetic (n=15) subjects and muscle biopsies were taken from the rectus abdominus. CD34 being also expressed on endothelial cells, we measured CD31, another endothelial marker, and expressed the brown adipocyte progenitors, as the CD34/CD31 mRNA ratio. The latter was significantly reduced in the obese vs lean subjects suggesting a smaller pool of brown adipocyte progenitors. More strikingly, for lean and obese subjects negative correlations were observed between the CD34/CD31 mRNA ratios and BMI, fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment. These correlations highlight the potential physiological relevance of the muscle CD34/CD31 mRNA ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Russell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, New South Wales, Australia
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Raiola A, Podestà M, Ibatici A, Gualandi F, Sessarego N, Parodi A, Pozzi S, Pinto V, Corselli M, Piaggio G, Gobbi M, Bacigalupo A, Frassoni F. OP37 Direct intra-bone injection of unrelated cord blood cells overcomes the problem of delayed engraftment or failure to engraft and improves the feasibility of hematopoietic transplant in adult patients. Leuk Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(07)70317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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