1
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Mussa A, Russo S, de Crescenzo A, Freschi A, Calzari L, Maitz S, Macchiaiolo M, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Mariani M, Tarani L, Bedeschi MF, Milani D, Melis D, Bartuli A, Cubellis MV, Selicorni A, Silengo MC, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. Fetal growth patterns in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2016; 90:21-7. [PMID: 26857110 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We provide data on fetal growth pattern on the molecular subtypes of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS): IC1 gain of methylation (IC1-GoM), IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM), 11p15.5 paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), and CDKN1C mutation. In this observational study, gestational ages and neonatal growth parameters of 247 BWS patients were compared by calculating gestational age-corrected standard deviation scores (SDS) and proportionality indexes to search for differences among IC1-GoM (n = 21), UPD (n = 87), IC2-LoM (n = 147), and CDKN1C mutation (n = 11) patients. In IC1-GoM subgroup, weight and length are higher than in other subgroups. Body proportionality indexes display the following pattern: highest in IC1-GoM patients, lowest in IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, intermediate in UPD ones. Prematurity was significantly more prevalent in the CDKN1C (64%) and IC2-LoM subgroups (37%). Fetal growth patterns are different in the four molecular subtypes of BWS and remarkably consistent with altered gene expression primed by the respective molecular mechanisms. IC1-GoM cases show extreme macrosomia and severe disproportion between weight and length excess. In IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, macrosomia is less common and associated with more proportionate weight/length ratios with excess of preterm birth. UPD patients show growth patterns closer to those of IC2-LoM, but manifest a body mass disproportion rather similar to that seen in IC1-GoM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Freschi
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Calzari
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M Macchiaiolo
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Molinatto
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Baldassarre
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mariani
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - L Tarani
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Melis
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M V Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Selicorni
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M C Silengo
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Makrythanasis P, van Bon BW, Steehouwer M, Rodríguez-Santiago B, Simpson M, Dias P, Anderlid BM, Arts P, Bhat M, Augello B, Biamino E, Bongers EMHF, del Campo M, Cordeiro I, Cueto-González AM, Cuscó I, Deshpande C, Frysira E, Izatt L, Flores R, Galán E, Gener B, Gilissen C, Granneman SM, Hoyer J, Yntema HG, Kets CM, Koolen DA, Marcelis CL, Medeira A, Micale L, Mohammed S, de Munnik SA, Nordgren A, Psoni S, Reardon W, Revencu N, Roscioli T, Ruiterkamp-Versteeg M, Santos HG, Schoumans J, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JHM, Silengo MC, Toledo L, Vendrell T, van der Burgt I, van Lier B, Zweier C, Reymond A, Trembath RC, Perez-Jurado L, Dupont J, de Vries BBA, Brunner HG, Veltman JA, Merla G, Antonarakis SE, Hoischen A. MLL2mutation detection in 86 patients with Kabuki syndrome: a genotype-phenotype study. Clin Genet 2013; 84:539-45. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Makrythanasis
- Departement of Genetic Medicine and Development; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - BW van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M Steehouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - B Rodríguez-Santiago
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Unitat de Genètica; Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Hospital del Mas Medical Research Institute (IMIM)
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Ltd (qGenomics); Barcelona Spain
| | - M Simpson
- Hospital de Santa Maria; Serviço de Genética Médica; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P Dias
- Hospital de Santa Maria; Serviço de Genética Médica; Lisbon Portugal
| | - BM Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - P Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M Bhat
- Centre for Human Genetics; Bangalore India
| | - B Augello
- Medical Genetics Unit; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza; San Giovanni Rotondo
| | - E Biamino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche; Università di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - EMHF Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M del Campo
- Unitat de Genètica; Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Hospital del Mas Medical Research Institute (IMIM)
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Ltd (qGenomics); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER)
- Programa de Medicina Molecular y Genética; Hospital Vall d'Hebron
| | - I Cordeiro
- Hospital de Santa Maria; Serviço de Genética Médica; Lisbon Portugal
| | - AM Cueto-González
- Programa de Medicina Molecular y Genética; Hospital Vall d'Hebron
- Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa; Terrassa (Barcelona) Spain
| | - I Cuscó
- Unitat de Genètica; Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Hospital del Mas Medical Research Institute (IMIM)
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Ltd (qGenomics); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER)
| | - C Deshpande
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital; Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - E Frysira
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - L Izatt
- Servicio de Genética, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo; Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R Flores
- Unitat de Genètica; Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Hospital del Mas Medical Research Institute (IMIM)
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Ltd (qGenomics); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER)
| | - E Galán
- Servicio de Genética, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo; Bizkaia, Spain
| | - B Gener
- Clinical Genetics Unit; Hospital de Cruces; Barakaldo Bizkaia Spain
| | - C Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - SM Granneman
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J Hoyer
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - HG Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - CM Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - DA Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - CL Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - A Medeira
- Hospital de Santa Maria; Serviço de Genética Médica; Lisbon Portugal
| | - L Micale
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S Mohammed
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital; Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - SA de Munnik
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - A Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S Psoni
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - W Reardon
- National Centre for Medical Genetics; Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children; Dublin 12 Ireland
| | - N Revencu
- Centre for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - T Roscioli
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Sydney Children's Hospital; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - M Ruiterkamp-Versteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - HG Santos
- Hospital de Santa Maria; Serviço de Genética Médica; Lisbon Portugal
| | - J Schoumans
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Cytogenetic Unit; University Hospital of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - JHM Schuurs-Hoeijmakers
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - MC Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche; Università di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - L Toledo
- Hospital Materno Infantil; Unidad de Neurologia Infantil; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - T Vendrell
- Programa de Medicina Molecular y Genética; Hospital Vall d'Hebron
| | - I van der Burgt
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - B van Lier
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - C Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - A Reymond
- The Center for Integrative Genomics; University of Lausanne; Lausanne
| | - RC Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital; King's College London School of Medicine; London UK
| | - L Perez-Jurado
- Unitat de Genètica; Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Hospital del Mas Medical Research Institute (IMIM)
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Ltd (qGenomics); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER)
| | - J Dupont
- Hospital de Santa Maria; Serviço de Genética Médica; Lisbon Portugal
| | - BBA de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - HG Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - JA Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - G Merla
- Medical Genetics Unit; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza; San Giovanni Rotondo
| | - SE Antonarakis
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Service of Genetic Medicine; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - A Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disorders; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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3
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Baldassarre G, Mussa A, Dotta A, Banaudi E, Forzano S, Marinosci A, Rossi C, Tartaglia M, Silengo M, Ferrero GB. Prenatal features of Noonan syndrome: prevalence and prognostic value. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:949-54. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Silengo M, Belligni E, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Baldassare G, Biamino E, Chiesa N, Zuffardi O, Girirajan S, Eichler EE, Ferrero GB. Eyebrow anomalies as a diagnostic sign of genomic disorders. Clin Genet 2010; 77:28-31. [PMID: 20092588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletions and microduplications in the human genome, termed genomic disorders, contribute to a high proportion of human multisystemic neurodevelopmental diseases and are detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In general, most genomic disorders are associated with craniofacial and skeletal features and behavioural abnormalities, in addition to learning disability and developmental delay (LD/DD). Specifically, recognition of a characteristic 'facial gestalt' has been the key to distinguish one genomic disorder from the other. Here, we report our experience concerning the relevance of abnormal eyebrow pattern as a diagnostic indicator of specific genomic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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5
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Travaglini L, Brancati F, Attie-Bitach T, Audollent S, Bertini E, Kaplan J, Perrault I, Iannicelli M, Mancuso B, Rigoli L, Rozet JM, Swistun D, Tolentino J, Dallapiccola B, Gleeson JG, Valente EM, Zankl A, Leventer R, Grattan-Smith P, Janecke A, D'Hooghe M, Sznajer Y, Van Coster R, Demerleir L, Dias K, Moco C, Moreira A, Kim CA, Maegawa G, Petkovic D, Abdel-Salam GMH, Abdel-Aleem A, Zaki MS, Marti I, Quijano-Roy S, Sigaudy S, de Lonlay P, Romano S, Touraine R, Koenig M, Lagier-Tourenne C, Messer J, Collignon P, Wolf N, Philippi H, Kitsiou Tzeli S, Halldorsson S, Johannsdottir J, Ludvigsson P, Phadke SR, Udani V, Stuart B, Magee A, Lev D, Michelson M, Ben-Zeev B, Fischetto R, Benedicenti F, Stanzial F, Borgatti R, Accorsi P, Battaglia S, Fazzi E, Giordano L, Pinelli L, Boccone L, Bigoni S, Ferlini A, Donati MA, Caridi G, Divizia MT, Faravelli F, Ghiggeri G, Pessagno A, Briguglio M, Briuglia S, Salpietro CD, Tortorella G, Adami A, Castorina P, Lalatta F, Marra G, Riva D, Scelsa B, Spaccini L, Uziel G, Del Giudice E, Laverda AM, Ludwig K, Permunian A, Suppiej A, Signorini S, Uggetti C, Battini R, Di Giacomo M, Cilio MR, Di Sabato ML, Leuzzi V, Parisi P, Pollazzon M, Silengo M, De Vescovi R, Greco D, Romano C, Cazzagon M, Simonati A, Al-Tawari AA, Bastaki L, Mégarbané A, Sabolic Avramovska V, de Jong MM, Stromme P, Koul R, Rajab A, Azam M, Barbot C, Martorell Sampol L, Rodriguez B, Pascual-Castroviejo I, Teber S, Anlar B, Comu S, Karaca E, Kayserili H, Yüksel A, Akcakus M, Al Gazali L, Sztriha L, Nicholl D, Woods CG, Bennett C, Hurst J, Sheridan E, Barnicoat A, Hennekam R, Lees M, Blair E, Bernes S, Sanchez H, Clark AE, DeMarco E, Donahue C, Sherr E, Hahn J, Sanger TD, Gallager TE, Dobyns WB, Daugherty C, Krishnamoorthy KS, Sarco D, Walsh CA, McKanna T, Milisa J, Chung WK, De Vivo DC, Raynes H, Schubert R, Seward A, Brooks DG, Goldstein A, Caldwell J, Finsecke E, Maria BL, Holden K, Cruse RP, Swoboda KJ, Viskochil D. Expanding CEP290 mutational spectrum in ciliopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2173-80. [PMID: 19764032 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are an expanding group of rare conditions characterized by multiorgan involvement, that are caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the primary cilium or its apparatus. Among these genes, CEP290 bears an intriguing allelic spectrum, being commonly mutated in Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), Meckel syndrome (MKS), Senior-Loken syndrome and isolated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Although these conditions are recessively inherited, in a subset of patients only one CEP290 mutation could be detected. To assess whether genomic rearrangements involving the CEP290 gene could represent a possible mutational mechanism in these cases, exon dosage analysis on genomic DNA was performed in two groups of CEP290 heterozygous patients, including five JSRD/MKS cases and four LCA, respectively. In one JSRD patient, we identified a large heterozygous deletion encompassing CEP290 C-terminus that resulted in marked reduction of mRNA expression. No copy number alterations were identified in the remaining probands. The present work expands the CEP290 genotypic spectrum to include multiexon deletions. Although this mechanism does not appear to be frequent, screening for genomic rearrangements should be considered in patients in whom a single CEP290 mutated allele was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Travaglini
- CSS-Mendel Institute, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Sorasio L, Biamino E, Garelli E, Ferrero GB, Silengo MC. A novel H208D TP63 mutation in a familial case of ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate syndrome without clefting. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e726-8. [PMID: 19663851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia associated with limb anomalies and orofacial clefting. The TP63 gene has been shown to be the cause of the disease, and some tentative genotype-phenotype correlations have been reported. We describe a familial case of EEC syndrome, diagnosed in two siblings affected by severe ectrodactyly and mild ectodermal dysplasia, without clefting. Moreover, one of the siblings had a history of delayed developmental milestones in the first years of life. Family history revealed mild hand malformations in the father and grandfather, who were not available for clinical evaluation. The TP63 gene molecular study showed in both siblings a heterozygous H208D mutation, which has not been previously reported to our knowledge, suggesting that this molecular lesion is associated with EEC syndrome without orofacial clefting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sorasio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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7
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Garavelli L, Zollino M, Mainardi PC, Gurrieri F, Rivieri F, Soli F, Verri R, Albertini E, Favaron E, Zignani M, Orteschi D, Bianchi P, Faravelli F, Forzano F, Seri M, Wischmeijer A, Turchetti D, Pompilii E, Gnoli M, Cocchi G, Mazzanti L, Bergamaschi R, De Brasi D, Sperandeo M, Mari F, Uliana V, Mostardini R, Cecconi M, Grasso M, Sassi S, Sebastio G, Renieri A, Silengo M, Bernasconi S, Wakamatsu N, Neri G. Mowat-Wilson syndrome: Facial phenotype changing with age: Study of 19 Italian patients and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:417-26. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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De Gregori M, Ciccone R, Magini P, Pramparo T, Gimelli S, Messa J, Novara F, Vetro A, Rossi E, Maraschio P, Bonaglia MC, Anichini C, Ferrero GB, Silengo M, Fazzi E, Zatterale A, Fischetto R, Previderé C, Belli S, Turci A, Calabrese G, Bernardi F, Meneghelli E, Riegel M, Rocchi M, Guerneri S, Lalatta F, Zelante L, Romano C, Fichera M, Mattina T, Arrigo G, Zollino M, Giglio S, Lonardo F, Bonfante A, Ferlini A, Cifuentes F, Van Esch H, Backx L, Schinzel A, Vermeesch JR, Zuffardi O. Cryptic deletions are a common finding in "balanced" reciprocal and complex chromosome rearrangements: a study of 59 patients. J Med Genet 2007; 44:750-62. [PMID: 17766364 PMCID: PMC2652810 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Using array comparative genome hybridisation (CGH) 41 de novo reciprocal translocations and 18 de novo complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) were screened. All cases had been interpreted as "balanced" by conventional cytogenetics. In all, 27 cases of reciprocal translocations were detected in patients with an abnormal phenotype, and after array CGH analysis, 11 were found to be unbalanced. Thus 40% (11 of 27) of patients with a "chromosomal phenotype" and an apparently balanced translocation were in fact unbalanced, and 18% (5 of 27) of the reciprocal translocations were instead complex rearrangements with >3 breakpoints. Fourteen fetuses with de novo, apparently balanced translocations, all but two with normal ultrasound findings, were also analysed and all were found to be normal using array CGH. Thirteen CCRs were detected in patients with abnormal phenotypes, two in women who had experienced repeated spontaneous abortions and three in fetuses. Sixteen patients were found to have unbalanced mutations, with up to 4 deletions. These results suggest that genome-wide array CGH may be advisable in all carriers of "balanced" CCRs. The parental origin of the deletions was investigated in 5 reciprocal translocations and 11 CCRs; all were found to be paternal. Using customized platforms in seven cases of CCRs, the deletion breakpoints were narrowed down to regions of a few hundred base pairs in length. No susceptibility motifs were associated with the imbalances. These results show that the phenotypic abnormalities of apparently balanced de novo CCRs are mainly due to cryptic deletions and that spermatogenesis is more prone to generate multiple chaotic chromosome imbalances and reciprocal translocations than oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Gregori
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Universitè di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Cecconi M, Forzano F, Milani D, Cavani S, Baldo C, Selicorni A, Pantaleoni C, Silengo M, Ferrero GB, Scarano G, Della Monica M, Fischetto R, Grammatico P, Majore S, Zampino G, Memo L, Cordisco EL, Neri G, Pierluigi M, Bricarelli FD, Grasso M, Faravelli F. Mutation analysis of the NSD1 gene in a group of 59 patients with congenital overgrowth. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:247-53. [PMID: 15742365 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth, typical craniofacial features, advanced bone age, and developmental delay. Some degree of phenotypic overlap exists with other overgrowth syndromes, in particular with Weaver syndrome. Sotos syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 (nuclear receptor SET domain containing gene 1) gene. Microdeletions involving the gene are the major cause of the syndrome in Japanese patients, whereas intragenic mutations are more frequent in non-Japanese patients. NSD1 aberrations have also been described in some patients diagnosed as Weaver syndrome. Some authors have suggested a certain degree of genotype-phenotype correlation, with a milder degree of overgrowth, a more severe mental retardation, and a higher frequency of congenital anomalies in microdeleted patients. Data on larger series are needed to confirm this suggestion. We report here on microdeletion and mutation analysis of NSD1 in 59 patients with congenital overgrowth. Fourteen novel mutations, two previously described and one microdeletion were identified. All patients with a NSD1 mutation had been clinically classified as "classical Sotos," although their phenotype analysis demonstrated that some major criteria, such as overgrowth and macrocephaly, could be absent. All patients with confirmed mutations shared the typical Sotos facial gestalt. A high frequency of congenital heart defects was present in patients with intragenic mutations, supporting the relevance of the NSD1 gene in the pathogenesis of this particular defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecconi
- SC Genetica Umana, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
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10
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Maina D, Tardivo I, Civale D, Silengo M. [Oligodontia. A case report]. Minerva Pediatr 2004; 56:453-6. [PMID: 15457143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
"Oligodontia" is the absence of 6 or more teeth, except the third molars. Genetic factors are important in determining hypodontia: in fact, this is an autosomal dominant trait relatively common in population. In particular, the agenesis of lateral incisors is fairly common, with autosomal dominant and variable expression inheritance. The incidence of hypodontia in primary dentition is 0.1-0.7% and there is no difference between females and males; instead, hypodontia in permanent dentition is most common in females compared with males and the incidence is 6-10% in general population. Oligodontia can interfere with the maxillofacial skeleton growth in children and adolescents. This problem must be tackled by paying attention to the physical and psychological development of the patient. A case of oligodontia in an 8-year-old-boy without 17 permanent teeth likely related to a variable expression genetic disorder is reported. The medical examination of the boy was completely negative, with the exception of the dentition. The child will be followed to value any possible maxillofacial abnormalities that might need an early therapy. The definitive therapeutic approach will be carried out, as soon as possible, using oral endo-osseous systems to allow normal masticatory and phonetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maina
- SCDU di Pediatria, Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (TO).
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11
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Morgan NV, Bacchelli C, Gissen P, Morton J, Ferrero GB, Silengo M, Labrune P, Casteels I, Hall C, Cox P, Kelly DA, Trembath RC, Scambler PJ, Maher ER, Goodman FR, Johnson CA. A locus for asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, ATD, maps to chromosome 15q13. J Med Genet 2003; 40:431-5. [PMID: 12807964 PMCID: PMC1735497 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.6.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), or Jeune syndrome, is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder associated with a characteristic skeletal dysplasia and variable renal, hepatic, pancreatic, and retinal abnormalities. We have performed a genome wide linkage search using autozygosity mapping in a cohort of four consanguineous families with ATD, three of which originate from Pakistan, and one from southern Italy. In these families, as well as in a fifth consanguineous family from France, we localised a novel ATD locus (ATD) to chromosome 15q13, with a maximum cumulative two point lod score at D15S1031 (Zmax=3.77 at theta=0.00). Five consanguineous families shared a 1.2 cM region of homozygosity between D15S165 and D15S1010. Investigation of a further four European kindreds, with no known parental consanguinity, showed evidence of marker homozygosity across a similar interval. Families with both mild and severe forms of ATD mapped to 15q13, but mutation analysis of two candidate genes, GREMLIN and FORMIN, did not show pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Morgan
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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12
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Abstract
Clinical diagnosis in dysmorphology is made by the recognition of a specific pattern of malformations and through an analytic search for discrete features. We present our personal experience regarding the usefulness of hair morphology as a tool for diagnosis in some metabolic and malformation syndromes. These cases represent only a few illustrative examples; an exhaustive review of the topic can be found elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Genetica Clinica, Dipartmento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita'di Torino, Italy.
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13
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Abstract
A new case of the association of the Beckwith-Wiedemann and prune belly syndrome is reported and the aetiology of the syndromes discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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14
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Murru P, Coscia A, Martano C, Tibaldi M, Stefanini L, Pepe E, Battistoni G, Silengo M. Complex cerebral malformation including Dandy-Walker in a newborn with trisomy 9 mosaicism. Radiol Med 2002; 103:261-3. [PMID: 11976623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Murru
- Cattedra di Neonatologia, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy.
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15
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Fichera M, Silengo M, Spalletta A, Giudice ML, Romano C, Ragusa A. Prenatal diagnosis of ATR-X syndrome in a fetus with a new G>T splicing mutation in the XNP/ATR-X gene. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:747-51. [PMID: 11559911 DOI: 10.1002/pd.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular cause of the alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X) resides in mutations affecting the XNP/ATR-X gene. Recently molecular defects in the gene have been found in singular cases of a discrete number of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). ATR-X-affected males are characterised by severe mental retardation, distinct facial dysmorphisms and genital abnormalities, besides a wide spectrum of pathological features and an extremely limited biological fitness. Given that molecular investigation of XNP/ATR-X mutations is made onerous by the length of the gene transcript, we carried out a prenatal diagnosis in a fetus at risk for ATR-X syndrome by initially determining the XNP/ATR-X gene haplotype before considering gene sequencing. Disease-associated haplotype analysis was performed selecting five genic (CA)n repeats that showed high heterozygosity (Het>0.7) in the general population. The fetus segregated an identical allelic pattern to that of the affected child of the family under investigation who shows features suggestive of the ATR-X syndrome. Subsequent mutational analysis of the gene revealed a novel IVS3+1G>T splicing mutation confirming the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fichera
- Laboratorio di Patologia Genetica, IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Troina, EN, Italy
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16
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Silengo M, Del Monaco A, Linari A, Lala R. Low birth-weight, microcephalic malformation syndrome in a 46,XX girl and her 46,XY sister with agonadism: third report of the Kennerknecht syndrome or autosomal recessive Seckel-like syndrome with previously undescribed genital anomalies. Am J Med Genet 2001; 101:275-8. [PMID: 11424145 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on two sisters, one 46,XX with normal female phenotype, the other 46,XY with ambiguous external genitalia and agonadism. Both have a low birth weight and microcephalic malformation syndrome leading to early death. The 46,XX patient also had a diaphragmatic defect. The XY sister, in addition to absence of gonads and Mùllerian and Wolffian derivatives, had severe hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery and its branches, multicystic kidneys, and pachygyria. This combination of malformations, in part, fits in the autosomal recessive condition described by Kennerknecht et al. [1993] in a 46,XX and 46,XY pair of sibs with agonadism. The craniofacial appearance of our patients is similar to that observed in the 46,XY sister with agonadism reported by Kennerknecht et al. [1995]. On the other hand, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, and pachygyria are not part of the phenotype of the Kennerknecht "syndrome" and agonadism was not present in our 46,XX patient. We suggest two hypotheses to explain the abnormal phenotype in our cases. The first is that they might represent the third sibship affected by the Kennerknecht syndrome with additional anomalies. Alternatively, our two sibs might have a Seckel or a Seckel-like syndrome. The 46,XY patient would then be the first case of Seckel syndrome with sex reversal and agonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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17
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Priolo M, De Toni T, Baffico M, Cama A, Seri M, Cusano R, Costabello L, Fondelli P, Capra V, Silengo M, Ravazzolo R, Lerone M. Fontaine-Farriaux craniosynostosis: second report in the literature. Am J Med Genet 2001; 100:214-8. [PMID: 11343306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is determined by the precocious fusion of one or more calvarial sutures leading to an abnormal skull shape. Additionally, nodular heterotopia is a disorder of neuronal migration and/or proliferation. We describe a very rare multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome in which craniosynostosis is associated with bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (BPNH) of the gray matter and other malformations involving hands, feet, and the gut. Clinical findings and further investigations suggest the diagnosis of craniosynostosis Fontaine-Farriaux type. To the best of our knowledge, this case is only the second report of this MCA syndrome. Based on the clinical and radiological data of the two cases reported, we hypothesize that this malformative complex may be considered a new BPNH/MCA syndrome and propose to classify it as BPNH/craniosynostosis. Previous studies demonstrated that at least two BPNH/MCA syndromes have been mapped to the Xq28 chromosomal region in which a causative gene for isolated BPNH is located. The same authors hypothesized that other BPNH syndromes could be due to microrearrangements at the same Xq28 region. Our case presents several overlapping features with some BPNH/MCA syndromes and it is possible that this new complex disorder may be caused by rearrangements at the same chromosomal region that could alter expression of different genes in Xq28.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Priolo
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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18
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Silengo M, Del Monaco A, Defilippi C. [Rudimentary acral anomalies in a patient with Acrocal-losal syndrome]. Radiol Med 2001; 101:299-301. [PMID: 11398065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell Adolescenza, Università degli Studi, Turin, Italy.
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19
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Cinti R, Priolo M, Lerone M, Gimelli G, Seri M, Silengo M, Ravazzolo R. Molecular characterisation of a supernumerary ring chromosome in a patient with VATER association. J Med Genet 2001; 38:E6. [PMID: 11158176 PMCID: PMC1734799 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.2.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a large and complex nosologic group of diseases; more than 170 different pathologic clinical conditions have been identified. Despite the great number of EDs described so far, few causative genes have been identified. We review EDs in the light of the most recent molecular findings and propose a new classification of EDs integrating both molecular-genetic data and corresponding clinical findings of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Priolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.
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21
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22
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Priolo M, Lerone M, Rosaia L, Calcagno EP, Sadeghi AK, Ghezzi F, Ravazzolo R, Silengo M. Question mark ears, temporo-mandibular joint malformation and hypotonia: auriculo-condylar syndrome or a distinct entity? Clin Dysmorphol 2000; 9:277-80. [PMID: 11045585 DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200009040-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a boy with prominent, peculiarly malformed ears, abnormality of the ramus of the mandible and hypotonia. An isolated peculiar bilateral ear deformity named 'question mark ear' has been delineated in plastic reconstruction surgery reviews [Cosman et al., 1970 Plast Reconstr Surg 46:454-457; Cosman (1984) Plast Reconstr Surg 73:572-576; Takato et al. (1989) Ann Plast Surg 22:69-73; Brodovsky (1997) Plast Reconstr Surg 100:1254-1257; Park (1998) Plast Reconstr Surg 101:1620-1623; Al-Quattan (1998) Plast Reconstr Surg 102:439-441] and a similar deformity of the ear and changes in the temporo-mandibular joint and condyle has been described by Jampol et al. [(1998) Am J Med Genet 75:449-452] and by Guion-Almeida et al. [(1999) Am J Med Genet 86:130-133]. The present case may be the third description of this malformation complex with additional clinical features characterized by hypotonia and mild developmental delay, or possibly a new distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Priolo
- Services of Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, G Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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23
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Priolo M, Lerone M, Baffico M, Baldi M, Ravazzolo R, Cama A, Capra V, Silengo M. Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 associated with a single amino acid deletion in the FGFR2 gene. Clin Genet 2000; 58:81-3. [PMID: 10945669 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Seri M, Yin L, Barone V, Bolino A, Celli I, Bocciardi R, Pasini B, Ceccherini I, Lerone M, Kristoffersson U, Larsson LT, Casasa JM, Cass DT, Abramowicz MJ, Vanderwinden JM, Kravcenkiene I, Baric I, Silengo M, Martucciello G, Romeo G. Frequency of RET mutations in long- and short-segment Hirschsprung disease. Hum Mutat 2000; 9:243-9. [PMID: 9090527 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)9:3<243::aid-humu5>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon, is a genetic disorder of neural crest development affecting 1:5,000 newborns. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, repeatedly identified in the heterozygous state in both long- and short-segment Hirschsprung patients, lead to loss of both transforming and differentiating capacities of the activated RET through a dominant negative effect when expressed in appropriate cellular systems. The approach of single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis established for all the 20 exons of the RET proto-oncogene, and previously used to screen for point mutations in Hirschsprung patients allowed us to identify seven additional mutations among 39 sporadic and familial cases of Hirschsprung disease (detection rate 18%). This relatively low efficiency in detecting mutations of RET in Hirschsprung patients cannot be accounted by the hypothesis of genetic heterogeneity, which is not supported by the results of linkage analysis in the pedigrees analyzed so far. Almost 74% of the point mutations in our series, as well as in other patient series, were identified among long segment patients, who represented only 25% of our patient population. The finding of a C620R substitution in a patient affected with total colonic aganglionosis confirms the involvement of this mutation in the pathogenesis of different phenotypes (i.e., medullary thyroid carcinoma and Hirschsprung). Finally the R313Q mutation identified for the first time in homozygosity in a child born of consanguineous parents is associated with the most severe Hirschsprung phenotype (total colonic aganglionosis with small bowel involvement).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seri
- Laboratorio Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seri
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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26
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27
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Priolo M, Rosaia L, Seri M, Silengo MC, Ravazzolo R, Lerone M. Total anonychia congenita in a woman with normal intelligence: report of a further case. Dermatology 2000; 200:84-5. [PMID: 10681628 DOI: 10.1159/000018329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 10-year-old male is described with Juberg-Hayward syndrome. He has a cleft palate with distally placed thumbs and multiple cervical hemivertebrae but does not have a cleft lip. The mode of inheritance is discussed.
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29
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Silengo M, Rabbone I, Sacchetti C. Symbrachydactyly involving hands and feet. Genet Couns 2000; 10:197-8. [PMID: 10422017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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30
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Abstract
We report a 2-year-old male with aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp, epibulbar dermoids, strabismus and macrocephaly. In our opinion, he is affected by the Oculo-Ectodermal syndrome first described by Toriello et al. (1993). Am J Med Genet 45:764-766]. This is the sixth report of patients with this rare entity. Our case further expands the clinical spectrum of the syndrome to include mental retardation, seizures and microscopic hair changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita' di Torino, Italy.
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31
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Cinti R, Botta G, Asnaghi V, Del Monaco A, Salvego M, Silengo M. De novo partial duplication of 3q and distal deletion of 20p in a 15-week abort us with omphalocele. Fetal Diagn Ther 2000; 15:61-2. [PMID: 10705217 DOI: 10.1159/000020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Cinti
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italia
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32
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Silengo M, Battistoni G, Spada M. Is there a relationship between extensive mongolian spots and inborn errors of metabolism? Am J Med Genet 1999; 87:276-7. [PMID: 10564887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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33
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Mori PG, Priolo M, Lerone M, Pasino M, Caroli F, Cusano R, Seri M, Silengo MC. Congenital hypoplastic anaemia in a patient with a new multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1999; 87:36-9. [PMID: 10528244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a girl with congenital hypoplastic anaemia, "coarse" face, generalized hypertrichosis with scalp hypotrichosis, short fifth finger, hypoplastic toenails, and mental retardation. A sister of the proposita, who died at the age of 1 year, had severe congenital anaemia, hypoplastic fingernails, low birth weight, failure to thrive, and repeated upper respiratory tract infections. Based on family history, we suspect that hypoplastic anaemia and the same multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndrome (MCA/MR) were also present in this sister. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the first report of congenital hypoplastic anaemia and such a complex MCA/MR syndrome, probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Mori
- Laboratorio di Ematologia, IV Divisione di Pediatria, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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34
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Seri M, Melchionda S, Dreyer S, Marini M, Carella M, Cusano R, Piemontese MR, Caroli F, Silengo M, Zelante L, Romeo G, Ravazzolo R, Gasparini P, Lee B. Identification of LMX1B gene point mutations in italian patients affected with Nail-Patella syndrome. Int J Mol Med 1999; 4:285-90. [PMID: 10425280 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.4.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nail-Patella syndrome, or osteo-onychodysplasia, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by nail dysplasia, absent or hypoplastic patellae, iliac horns and nephropathy. Previous studies have demonstrated linkage of the Nail-Patella locus with polymorphic markers on human chromosome 9q34. Recently, point mutations in the LMX1B gene have been identified in Nail-Patella patients and in families with recurrence of Nail-Patella syndrome and open-angle glaucoma. We describe here the identification of additional point mutations in the LMX1B gene in a set of Italian patients affected with Nail-Patella syndrome: two deletions of 1 and 2 bp causing a frameshift in two sporadic patients and nonsense mutations in two familial and one sporadic cases have been identified. All the mutations affect the homeodomain of the LMX1B protein and could cause the Nail-Patella syndrome through a loss of function as well as a dominant negative effect. Haplotype analysis in the two familial cases carrying the same stop codon mutation suggests the presence of a founder effect. Finally, analysis of cDNA clones obtained from human fetal kidney has revealed the existence of two different transcripts of LMX1B gene likely due to an alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seri
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Abstract
We report on four unrelated cases of an Opitz trigonocephaly (C)-like syndrome with a highly characteristic combination of facial anomalies including prominent metopic suture, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate, flexion deformities of the upper limbs and multiple other anomalies. We also review two very similar published cases formerly considered to have the C syndrome. Although there is overlap, a clinical distinction from the Opitz trigonocephaly and other syndromes seems possible, and thus a specific causal entity may be postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bohring
- Department of Pediatrics, Ostholstein Kliniken, Eutin, Germany.
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Basson CT, Huang T, Lin RC, Bachinsky DR, Weremowicz S, Vaglio A, Bruzzone R, Quadrelli R, Lerone M, Romeo G, Silengo M, Pereira A, Krieger J, Mesquita SF, Kamisago M, Morton CC, Pierpont ME, Müller CW, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Different TBX5 interactions in heart and limb defined by Holt-Oram syndrome mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:2919-24. [PMID: 10077612 PMCID: PMC15870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.6.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the role of TBX5, a T-box containing transcription factor in forelimb and heart development, we have studied the clinical features of Holt-Oram syndrome caused by 10 different TBX5 mutations. Defects predicted to create null alleles caused substantial abnormalities both in limb and heart. In contrast, missense mutations produced distinct phenotypes: Gly80Arg caused significant cardiac malformations but only minor skeletal abnormalities; and Arg237Gln and Arg237Trp caused extensive upper limb malformations but less significant cardiac abnormalities. Amino acids altered by missense mutations were located on the three-dimensional structure of a related T-box transcription factor, Xbra, bound to DNA. Residue 80 is highly conserved within T-box sequences that interact with the major groove of target DNA; residue 237 is located in the T-box domain that selectively binds to the minor groove of DNA. These structural data, taken together with the predominant cardiac or skeletal phenotype produced by each missense mutation, suggest that organ-specific gene activation by TBX5 is predicated on biophysical interactions with different target DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Basson
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
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38
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Seri M, Cusano R, Forabosco P, Cinti R, Caroli F, Picco P, Bini R, Morra VB, De Michele G, Lerone M, Silengo M, Pela I, Borrone C, Romeo G, Devoto M. Genetic mapping to 10q23.3-q24.2, in a large Italian pedigree, of a new syndrome showing bilateral cataracts, gastroesophageal reflux, and spastic paraparesis with amyotrophy. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:586-93. [PMID: 9973297 PMCID: PMC1377769 DOI: 10.1086/302241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently observed a large pedigree with a new rare autosomal dominant spastic paraparesis. In three subsequent generations, 13 affected individuals presented with bilateral cataracts, gastroesophageal reflux with persistent vomiting, and spastic paraparesis with amyotrophy. Bilateral cataracts occurred in all affected individuals, with the exception of one patient who presented with a chorioretinal dystrophy, whereas clinical signs of spastic paraparesis showed a variable expressivity. Using a genomewide mapping approach, we mapped the disorder to the long arm of chromosome 10 on band q23.3-q24.2, in a 12-cM chromosomal region where additional neurologic disorders have been localized. The spectrum of phenotypic manifestations in this family is reminiscent of a smaller pedigree, reported recently, confirming the possibility of a new syndrome. Finally, the anticipation of symptoms suggests that an unstable trinucleotide repeat may be responsible for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seri
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Largo G. Gaslini n. 5, 16148 Genova Quarto, Italy.
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39
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Abstract
Below-the-knee right leg hypoplasia and ipsilateral toe brachysyndactyly were observed in a 4-year-old female with an otherwise normal phenotype. Electromyographic and nerve conduction studies were normal. The Doppler evaluation was consistent with a 50% reduction in the blood supply from the femoral artery, suggesting vascular disruption as the pathogenic mechanism. Our observations support the hypothesis that a lower extremity counterpart of the Poland syndrome does exist and that the extent of limb involvement is dependent on the level of vascular disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Università di Torino, Italy.
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40
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Silengo M, Silvestro L, Capizzi G, Lerone M, Seri M, Rosaia L, Romeo G. Ectodermal dysplasia, primary hypothyroidism, and agenesis of the corpus callosum: variable expression of a single syndrome? J Med Genet 1998; 35:157-8. [PMID: 9507398 PMCID: PMC1051223 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We present two unrelated children, a male and a female, with signs of ectodermal dysplasia, mental retardation, agenesis/ dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and primary hypothyroidism. Reports of ectodermal dysplasia with CNS malformations or hypothyroidism or both are rare. We suggest that the condition we describe is a distinct entity within the large group of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes and that it has a variable clinical spectrum. As both males and females are affected and in a few reports some parents show minimal signs, the inheritance is likely to be autosomal dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Università di Torino, Italy
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41
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Abstract
We describe a girl with Niikawa-Kuroki (Kabuki) syndrome (NKS) with conical incisors, hypodontia, hypoplastic nails, and brittle hair. Abnormal teeth are common in NKS and support a hypothesis of autosomal dominant inheritance of the syndrome [Halal et al., 1989; Silengo et al., 1996]. Hair abnormalities have never been investigated in NKS. The ectodermal involvement in NKS could represent an important clue for the understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lerone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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42
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Abstract
A Dandy-Walker-like malformation was observed in a retarded girl who had signs of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. This is the third report of the rare triad ectodermal dysplasia-CNS malformation-mental retardation. We observed additional findings, such as submucous cleft palate with lip pits and trichorrhexis nodosa. The proposita's mother had similar hair and facial changes. Two maternal relatives had cleft palate. Autosomal dominant inheritance is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita di Torino, Italy
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43
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44
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Bado M, Morreale G, Pelegrini M, Tubino B, Zappa R, Cordone A, Lerone M, Silengo M. [Cardiofacial syndrome. A case report]. Minerva Pediatr 1995; 47:423-6. [PMID: 8569643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A case of cardio-facial syndrome with dysmorphic and asymmetric crying face, congenital heart defects, failure to thrive is described. The authors review the literature and underline the importance of asymmetric crying face as a marker of associated congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bado
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Università degli Studi, Genova
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45
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Bolino A, Schuffenecker I, Luo Y, Seri M, Silengo M, Tocco T, Chabrier G, Houdent C, Murat A, Schlumberger M. RET mutations in exons 13 and 14 of FMTC patients. Oncogene 1995; 10:2415-9. [PMID: 7784092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RET is a receptor tyrosine kinase gene which is responsible for three different inherited cancer syndromes namely multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), type 2B (MEN 2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) as well as for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a congenital disorder affecting the intestinal motility. Germ-line mutations in the RET exons 10 and 11 were demonstrated in the majority of the MEN 2A and FMTC patients. On the other hand, one codon of RET exon 16 is preferentially changed in MEN 2B patients. Recently, a germ-line mutation in the exon 13 was described in one FMTC family as well as in four sporadic MTCs. In the present study, we observed the same exon 13 mutation in two FMTC families. In addition, we identified a previously unreported substitution of RET exon 14 in two unrelated FMTC families. Both mutations segregate with the disease in these four FMTC families and involve the tyrosine kinase domain of RET. Haplotype analysis using polymorphic markers tightly linked to the RET gene indicates that in each pedigree the mutation arose as an independent event.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bolino
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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46
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Silengo M, Lerone M, Romeo G, Calcagno E, Martucciello G, Jasonni V. Uncombable hair, retinal pigmentary dystrophy, dental anomalies, and brachydactyly: report of a new patient with additional findings. Am J Med Genet 1993; 47:931-3. [PMID: 8279493 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new ectodermal dysplasia syndrome was reported by Bork et al. in 1987 (Hautarzt 38:342-347). The syndrome consisted of hypotrichosis with the typical SEM (scanning electron microscopy) changes of uncombable hair, retinal pigmentary dystrophy, juvenile cataract, oligodontia, brachydactyly with brachymetacarpia; it was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We describe a sporadic case and add further clinical findings to expand the spectrum of this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Ambulatorio di Genetica Medica, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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47
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Lerone M, Soliani M, Corea D, Romeo G, Martucciello G, Silengo MC. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with ipsilateral upper limb reduction defects: report of a case with thumb hypoplasia. Am J Med Genet 1992; 44:827-9. [PMID: 1481856 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320440623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Four unrelated cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with ipsilateral upper limb reduction defects were reported by McCredie and Reid in 1978 (J Pediatr 92: 762-765). As contiguous segments of the cervical neural crest are involved in the development of diaphragm and arms, the authors suggested that an early injury to the cervical neural crest might be the common underlying pathogenesis. We describe here a further example of this malformation complex: a newborn with a left posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia associated with ipsilateral thumb hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lerone
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Ambulatorio di Genetica Molecolare, Genova, Italy
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48
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Silengo M, Lerone M, Martinelli M, Martucciello G, Caffarena PE, Jasonni V, Romeo G. Autosomal recessive microcephaly with early onset seizures and spasticity. Clin Genet 1992; 42:152-5. [PMID: 1395086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1992.tb03228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe two siblings, a male and a female pair, born of consanguineous parents, affected with a rare genetic form of congenital microcephaly. The clinical syndrome is characterized by early onset myoclonic seizures, spasticity, and profound psychomotor retardation without detectable brain malformations. To date, only two kindreds and one sporadic case with a similar clinical picture have been observed and reported (Tolmie et al. 1987, Bundey & Griffiths 1977). The severity of the neurological features and their perinatal onset differentiate the syndrome from the more common autosomal recessive microcephaly with spasticity/seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Istituto di Discipline Pediatriche, Università di Torino, Italy
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49
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Abstract
In 1982, Nadol & Burgess reported a new syndrome of cataract and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Extensive histopathologic studies of the inner ear of the proband revealed severe cochleosaccular degeneration. No other sporadic or familial cases of such a genetic syndrome have subsequently been described. We report here a second family in which the syndrome of cataract and progressive sensorineural deafness is observed in eight members, and is inherited according to an autosomal dominant pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guala
- Istituto di Discipline Pediatriche Universitá di Torino, Italy
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50
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Abstract
We report two cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with loss of chromosome 20 as the only karyotypic abnormality detected in the blast cells. The first patient is a 12-year-old boy studied at diagnosis. He represents the only case of monosomy 20 in our series of 90 pediatric ALL successfully karyotyped at diagnosis. In the second patient, monosomy 20 was detected at the second hematologic relapse, 12 years after the initial diagnosis; cytogenetic studies were not performed at disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Clinica Pediatrica III, Università di Torino, Italy
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