Loss of RIP3 initiates annihilation of high-fat diet initialized nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis: A mechanism involving Toll-like receptor 4 and oxidative stress

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and complex disease that confers a high risk of severe liver disorders. Although such public and clinical health importance, very few effective therapies are presently available for NAFLD. Here, we showed that receptor-interacting kinase-3 (RIP3) was up-regulated in liver of mouse with hepatic steatosis induced by high fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks on a HFD, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were significantly alleviated in liver of mice with the loss of RIP3. We provided mechanistic evidence that RIP3 knockdown attenuated hepatic dyslipidemia through preventing the expression of lipogenesis-associated genes. Furthermore, in the absence of RIP3, the transcription factor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activated by HFD was blocked, accompanied with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. We also found that RIP3 knockdown-induced activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) led to the inhibition of oxidative stress. The detrimental effects of RIP3 on hepatic steatosis and related pathologies were confirmed in palmitate (PAL)-treated mouse liver cells. Of note, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or PAL-activated TLR-4 resulted in the up-regulation of RIP3 that was accompanied by the elevated inflammation and lipid deposition, and these effects were reversed in TLR-4 knockdown cells. Furthermore, promoting Nrf-2 pathway activation effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and RIP3 expression in PAL-stimulated cells, consequently leading to the suppression of cellular inflammation and lipid accumulation. In contrast, blocking Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling abrogated RIP3 knockdown-reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory response and lipid deposition in PAL-stimulated cells. Taken together, the present study helped to elucidate how HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was regulated by RIP3, via the TLR-4/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

Abstract WP298: Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients With Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas:a Prospective Cohort Study

Background: The short-term outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) have not been defined in large cohorts.

Objective: To define the short-term clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with SDAVFs.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 112 patients with SDAVFs were included consecutively in this study. The patients were serially evaluated with the modified Aminoff and Logue’s Scale (mALS) on 1 day before operation and at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify demographic, clinical, and procedural factors related to favorable outcome.

Results: A total of 94 patients (mean age of 53.5 years, 78 were men) met criteria and included in final analyses. Duration of symptom ranged from 0.5-66 months (average time period of 12.7 months). The location of SDAVFs was as follows: 31.6% above T7 level, 48.4% between T7 to T12 level (including T7 and T12), and 20.0% below T12 level. A total of 81 patients (86.2%) underwent neurosurgical treatment, 10 patients (10.6%) underwent endovascular treatment, and 3 patients (3.2%) underwent neurosurgical treatment after unsuccessful embolization. A total of 78 patients demonstrated an improvement in mALS score of 1 points or greater at 12 months. Pre-operative mALS score was associated with clinical improvement after adjusting for age, gender, duration of symptom, location of fistula and treatment modality used unconditional logistic regression analysis (P<.05).

Conclusion: Approximately four fifths of the patients experienced clinical improvement at 12 months and pre-operative mALS was the strongest predictor of clinical improvement in cohort.

Protection of force incentive on bone lose of tail-suspended rats

It has been documented that astronauts suffer from a progressive and continuous negative calcium balance in space flight. The aim of this trial was to demonstrate the role of force incentive on protection of bone lose in stimulated microgravity rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

7-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. One group was suspended by tail for 21 days, one groups were suspended for 21 days and play 1 minutes/day of force incentive (2N, 10 Hz), one group served as control. bone mass, biomechanical properties, histomorphometry and biochemical marked were determined. Results Short-time force incentive not only can improve the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus as well as histomorphometry of tibia, but also can increase bone mineral, biomechanical properties and decrease the content of NO in femur. Conclusion Short-time force incentive can protect the bone lose in stimulated microgravity. Compare with the traditional methods such as using drug, the physical methods, for example, short-time force incentive are less vehement and more safety, which can maintain the normal structure of bone. So short-time force incentive maybe can develop to the primary protective method on osteoporosis.