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Wang Z, Archang M, Gurlo T, Wong E, Fraser SE, Butler PC. Application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to monitor glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets in vivo. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:4170-4178. [PMID: 37799700 PMCID: PMC10549748 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose stimulated insulin secretion is mediated by glucose metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation generating ATP that triggers membrane depolarization and exocytosis of insulin. In stressed beta cells, glucose metabolism is remodeled, with enhanced glycolysis uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in the impaired glucose-mediated insulin secretion characteristic of diabetes. Relative changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation can be monitored in living cells using the 3-component fitting approach of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We engrafted pancreatic islets onto the iris to permit in vivo FLIM monitoring of the trajectory of glucose metabolism. The results show increased oxidative phosphorylation of islet cells (∼90% beta cells) in response to hyperglycemia; in contrast red blood cells traversing the islets maintained exclusive glycolysis as expected in the absence of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Wang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maani Archang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Wong
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter C. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lee SJ, Archang M, Tubbs S, Riew KD, Janus JR, Clifton W. Identification of Deep Cervical Fascial Layers During Anterior Cervical Spine Exposure. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:e414-e420. [PMID: 36656028 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior approaches to the cervical spine are among the most common exposures by which neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons access the prevertebral space and ultimately the cervical disk and vertebral bodies. There is a paucity of literature describing the microanatomic fascial planes of the neck with respect to anterior cervical approaches. OBJECTIVE To delineate the microanatomic connections of the cervical fascial planes pertinent to anterior cervical exposure. METHODS Using a cadaveric model, original illustrations, the Visible Human Project, and an original surgical video, we demonstrate a stepwise method for identifying the correct planes for anterior cervical exposure. RESULTS A step-by-step method for identifying the anterior cervical fascial planes intraoperatively is demonstrated. CONCLUSION A comprehensive understanding of anterior cervical microsurgical anatomy is vital for performing a methodical yet efficient approach to the prevertebral space while minimizing retraction and iatrogenic injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Maani Archang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - K Daniel Riew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia Medical Center New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Janus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - William Clifton
- Center for Spine Health, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Gurlo T, Prakash TP, Wang Z, Archang M, Pei L, Rosenberger M, Pirie E, Lee RG, Butler PC. Efficacy of IAPP suppression in mouse and human islets by GLP-1 analogue conjugated antisense oligonucleotide. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1096286. [PMID: 36814640 PMCID: PMC9939749 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1096286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In vulnerable individuals, insulin resistance induces a progressive loss of insulin secretion with islet pathology revealing a partial deficit of beta cells and islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). IAPP is co-expressed and secreted with insulin by beta cells, expression of both proteins being upregulated in response to insulin resistance. If IAPP expression exceeds the threshold for clearance of misfolded proteins, beta cell failure occurs exacerbated by the action of IAPP toxicity to compromise the autophagy lysosomal pathway. We postulated that suppression of IAPP expression by an IAPP antisense oligonucleotide delivered to beta cells by the GLP-1 agonist exenatide (eGLP1-IAPP-ASO) is a potential disease modifying therapy for T2D. While eGLP1-IAPP-ASO suppressed mouse IAPP and transgenic human IAPP expression in mouse islets, it had no discernable effects on IAPP expression in human islets under the conditions studied. Suppression of transgenic human IAPP expression in mouse islets attenuated disruption of the autophagy lysosomal pathway in beta cells, supporting the potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Tatyana Gurlo, ; Peter C. Butler,
| | | | - Zhongying Wang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maani Archang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lina Pei
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Madeline Rosenberger
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elaine Pirie
- IONIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, United States
| | | | - Peter C. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Tatyana Gurlo, ; Peter C. Butler,
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Archang M, Chew L, Han AYK, Sajed D, Vorasubin N, Wang M. Sinonasal Papillomas: 10-Year Retrospective Analysis of Etiology, Epidemiology, and Recurrence. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:827-834. [PMID: 35915990 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the epidemiology, subtypes, trends over time, and predictive factors for recurrence and malignant transformation of sinonasal papillomas. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 118 patients with sinonasal papillomas from 2009 to 2019 was conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles. This study is a follow-up to a previously published study from 2000 to 2009 at the same academic center. RESULTS The mean age was at presentation was 58.5 years, with a 2:1 male to female ratio, and average follow-up of 30.1 months. The rate of recurrence after complete resection was 19% with an average of 32.6 months to recurrence. The time to recurrence followed a bimodal distribution with 57% of cases recurring within 24 months (mean = 10) and 43% from 40 to 103 months (mean = 61). The proportion of the inverted papillomas rose from 38% in 2000-2004 to 89.6% in 2015-2019. Patients presenting at a younger age had a higher chance of recurrence (mean age 52 with recurrence vs. 61 without recurrence). Age did not correlate with histopathologic transformation in surgical pathology. Furthermore, histopathological transformation did not raise the chance of recurrence. Smoking, alcohol use, chronic rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis were not associated with any of the outcome measures in this study. The most significant factor predicting recurrence, beside age at presentation, was the history of two or more prior sinus surgeries for papillomas or other reasons (OR = 3.52 and 5.81). CONCLUSION This study explored the features of sinonasal papillomas as well as the risk factors for recurrence and transformation. Younger age at presentation and two or more prior surgeries for papillomas were associated with recurrence. Time to recurrence followed a bimodal distribution, with late recurrences happenning from 40 to 103 months after surgery, emphasizing the importance of long-term follow-up for timely resection of tumors and prevention of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maani Archang
- 12222David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Chew
- 12222David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dipti Sajed
- Anatomic Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nopawan Vorasubin
- Head and Neck Surgery, 12222University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,82579Kaiser Permanente, Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marilene Wang
- Head and Neck Surgery, 12222University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hu J, Schokrpur S, Archang M, Hermann K, Sharrow AC, Khanna P, Novak J, Signoretti S, Bhatt RS, Knudsen BS, Xu H, Wu L. A Non-integrating Lentiviral Approach Overcomes Cas9-Induced Immune Rejection to Establish an Immunocompetent Metastatic Renal Cancer Model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018; 9:203-210. [PMID: 29766028 PMCID: PMC5948229 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR-based technology has revolutionized genome editing in recent years. This technique allows for gene knockout and evaluation of function in cell lines in a manner that is far easier and more accessible than anything previously available. Unfortunately, the ability to extend these studies to in vivo syngeneic murine cell line implantation is limited by an immune response against cells transduced to stably express Cas9. In this study, we demonstrate that a non-integrating lentiviral vector approach can overcome this immune rejection and allow for the growth of transduced cells in an immunocompetent host. This technique enables the establishment of a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene knockout RENCA cell line in BALB/c mice, generating an improved model of immunocompetent, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiruyeh Schokrpur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maani Archang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kip Hermann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Allison C. Sharrow
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Prateek Khanna
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deacones Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jesse Novak
- Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rupal S. Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deacones Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Beatrice S. Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author Lily Wu, MD, PhD, Departments of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology and Urology, 33-118 CHS, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735, USA.
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