1
|
Ali S, Dworsky-Fried Z, Moir M, Bharadia M, Rajagopal M, Gouin S, Sawyer S, Pellerin S, Bourrier L, Poonai N, Stang A, Leung J, van Manen M. Factors Influencing Parental Decision-Making Regarding Analgesia for Children with Musculoskeletal Injury-Related Pain: A Qualitative Study. J Pediatr 2023; 258:113405. [PMID: 37023945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore and understand parental decision-making relating to acute pain management for their children presenting to the emergency department. STUDY DESIGN This study employed one-on-one semistructured interviews. Parents of children with acute musculoskeletal injuries were recruited from 3 Canadian pediatric emergency departments. Interviews were conducted via telephone from June 2019 to March 2021. Verbatim transcription and thematic analyses occurred concurrently with data collection, supporting data saturation and theory development considerations. RESULTS Twenty-seven interviews were completed. Five major themes regarding pain care emerged: (1) my child's comfort is a priority, (2) every situation is unique, (3) opioids only if necessary, (4) considerations when choosing opioids, and (5) pain research is important. Overall, parents were highly comfortable with their assessment of their child's pain. Participants' willingness to use opioid analgesia for their children was primarily dependent on perceptions of injury and pain severity. Opioid-averse and opioid-accepting families had similar considerations when making analgesic decisions but weighed risks and benefits differently. CONCLUSIONS Parents assess and manage their children's pain globally and multimodally, with comfort being prioritized. For most parents, the desire to relieve their children's pain outweighed concerns of substance use disorder, misuse, and adverse events when making decisions about opioid analgesia for short-term use. These results can inform evidence-based family-centered approaches to co-decision-making of analgesic plans for children with acute pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samina Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Zoë Dworsky-Fried
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Moir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manisha Bharadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manasi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Serge Gouin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott Sawyer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Pellerin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lise Bourrier
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Departments of Paediatrics, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Antonia Stang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Julie Leung
- PEAK Research Team Family Representative, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael van Manen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moir M, Yepuri NR, Marshall DL, Blanksby SJ, Darwish TA. Synthesis of Perdeuterated Linoleic Acid‐d
31
and Chain Deuterated 1‐Palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐
sn
‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine‐d
62
. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Moir
- National Deuteration Facility Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Road Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - N. R. Yepuri
- National Deuteration Facility Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Road Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - D. L. Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - S. J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - T. A. Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Road Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Golden-Plotnik S, Ali S, Moir M, Drendel AL, Poonai N, van Manen M. Parental Perspectives on Children's Functional Experiences After Limb Fracture: A Qualitative Study. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e947-e952. [PMID: 34282089 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractures are a common childhood injury. Although the pain associated with fractures is well described, the related functional impact is less understood. When a child's function is impaired, his or her ability to participate in day-to-day life is restricted. Eighty percent of children with fractures experience compromise in daily function. An in-depth understanding of function can guide emergency department (ED) providers' discharge instructions. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to report caregivers' perspectives of the functional impact of limb fractures on their children's day-to-day life activities. METHODS We performed a qualitative study using interviews of caregivers of children (aged 5 to 11 years) who received care for acute, nonoperative long bone fractures in a pediatric ED. Audio-recorded, semistructured telephone interviews were completed 7 to 14 days after the ED visit. Interviews were primarily open ended, including questions targeting areas of function from existing pediatric fracture literature. Qualitative analysis was completed using content analysis. RESULTS Twenty-five interviews were included in the final analysis. Most of the children were diagnosed with upper extremity fractures, and most participants were mothers. All parents reported a change in their child's function. The most commonly affected areas were sleep, activities of daily living, and play. Play was either self-limited by the child or restricted by the parent. Pain was worse in the first days after discharge. Many children struggled emotionally with functional limitations. All children required help from their parents to perform daily tasks; this required adaptive strategies such as planning, changes to household routine, and missed work. Key concerns from parents included regression in the child's independence and fracture healing and complications. CONCLUSIONS Function is universally impaired in young children with fractures, significantly affecting family life after discharge. Discharge conversations with families should include pain management, changes to activities of daily living, family routines and play, and expectations for fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mackenzie Moir
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry
| | - Amy L Drendel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bharadia M, Golden-Plotnik S, van Manen M, Sivakumar M, Drendel A, Poonai N, Moir M, Ali S. 20 Adolescent and caregiver perspectives on living with a limb fracture: A qualitative study. Paediatr Child Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxab061.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Primary Subject area
Emergency Medicine - Paediatric
Background
Fractures occur in up to half of children by age 16 years. After initial emergency care for a fracture, function is universally impaired in children, and impacts extend to the immediate family. Knowledge of expected functional limitations is key to providing proper discharge instructions and anticipatory guidance to families.
Objectives
Our study objectives were to understand: 1) how adolescents (12-17 years) describe the functional impact of fractures on their lives; 2) how adolescents’ reports of their experiences compare to those of their caregivers; and 3) the impact of the fracture on the family unit.
Design/Methods
We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews from June 2019 to November 2020 with adolescents and their caregivers, 7-14 days following their initial visit to a pediatric emergency department. We utilized qualitative content analysis methodology. Recruitment proceeded until thematic saturation was achieved. Coding and analysis were concurrent with recruitment and interviews. A secondary coder reviewed 40% of the transcripts, and the coding team met regularly to discuss the coding framework and key themes. The interview script was modified in an iterative process, to reflect emerging themes.
Results
We completed a total of 29 interviews. The most commonly affected functions were: a) showering and hygiene (which required the most caregiver support); b) sleep variability (due to pain and cast-related discomfort); and c) exclusion from sports/activities. Many adolescents experienced disruptions to social activities and gatherings. Adolescents valued independence and often chose to take more time to complete a task to preserve this, regardless of inconvenience. Both adolescents and caregivers reported feelings of frustration as a result of day-to-day impacts imposed by the injury. Generally, caregivers’ perspectives were in keeping with the experiences that adolescents described for themselves. Notable family impacts included what we described as ‘sibling burden’ or conflicts that arose when a sibling had to take on extra chores/tasks.
Conclusion
These themes highlight an opportunity to better tailor discharge instructions for adolescents with fractures. Key messages include: 1) expect pain and impaired sleep, especially in the first few days; 2) allow extra time to complete tasks independently, especially for grooming and hygiene; 3) consider family impact, especially sibling burden; 4) prepare for changes in activities and social dynamics; and 5) frustration is normal, for both adolescents and caregivers. Future work can focus on developing a novel, family-informed tool to assess functional outcomes following injury.
Collapse
|
5
|
Moir M, Vermeulen T, Smith S, Woehrle E, Matushewski B, Shoemaker J. Sodium Nitroglycerin and Hypercapnic Stimuli Reduce Cerebral Vascular Bed Compliance in Humans. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Moir
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonON
| | | | - Sydney Smith
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonON
| | - Emilie Woehrle
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonON
| | | | - J. Shoemaker
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonON
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonON
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran BX, Moir M, Nguyen TMT, Do HN, Vu GT, Dang AK, Ha GH, Nguyen THT, Vuong HQ, Ho TM, Van Dam N, Vuong TT, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Changes in quality of life and its associated factors among illicit drug users in Vietnamese mountainous provinces: a 12-month follow-up study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020; 15:23. [PMID: 32188457 PMCID: PMC7081525 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Sustainability of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program involves regularly assessing its impact on health and social outcomes of drug users in different settings, particularly in disadvantaged areas. In this study, we evaluated the change in quality of life (QoL), and identified associated factors amongst drug users over the course of 12-month MMT in Vietnamese mountainous provinces. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study among patients from 6 MMT clinics in three mountainous provinces of Vietnam. At baseline, we screened 300 participants and after a 12-month treatment, 244 participants remained to involve in the study. World Health Organization Quality of Life short form instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure the QoL of patients. The magnitude of the changes was extrapolated. Results There were significant changes in all four dimensions of quality of life measured by WHOQoL-BREF between baseline and 12 months with the effect size ranged from 0.21 to 0.24. Increased age, being workers compared to unemployment and having health problems or comorbidities were positively related to reduced scores of QoL. Conclusions To conclude, we observed a significant increase in the QoL level regarding physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental aspects among people who used drug after 12 months of MMT. Findings from this study emphasize the role of continuously receiving MMT treatment among people using drugs to enhance their QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, No. 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam. .,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Mackenzie Moir
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tam Minh Thi Nguyen
- Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Ngoc Do
- Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Kim Dang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Hai Ha
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacoeconomics and Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Quan Vuong
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tung Manh Ho
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nhue Van Dam
- National Economics University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | | | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tran BX, Moir M, Latkin CA, Hall BJ, Nguyen CT, Ha GH, Nguyen NB, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Global research mapping of substance use disorder and treatment 1971-2017: implications for priority setting. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2019; 14:21. [PMID: 31101059 PMCID: PMC6525403 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Globally, substance use disorders are prevalent and remain an intractable public health problem for health care systems. This study aims to provide a global picture of substance use disorders research. Methods The Web of Science platform was used to perform a cross-sectional analysis of scientific articles on substance use disorders and treatment. Characteristics of publication volume, impact, growth, authors, institutions, countries, and journals were examined using descriptive analysis and network visualization graphs. Results Thirteen thousand six hundred eighty-five papers related to illicit drugs (5403), tobacco (4469), and alcohol (2137) use disorders and treatment were published between 1971 and 2017. The number of publications on Mindfulness and Digital medicine topics had the highest increase with more than 300% since 2003–2007 despite later presence than other methods. The number of papers on other non-pharmaceutical therapies (behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, skills training or motivational interviewing) grew gradually, however, the growth rate was lower every 5-year period. The United States is the substance use disorder research hub of the world with the highest volume of publications (8232 or 60.2%) and total citations (252,935 or 65.2%), number of prolific authors (25 of top 30 or 83%) and institutions (24 of top 26 or 92%), formed the most international research partnerships (with 96 distinct countries). The international collaboration followed a pattern based on geographic proximity and cultural similarity. Conclusions This study offers a comprehensive picture of the global trend of publications of substance use disorder. Findings suggest a need for research policy that supports the examination of interventions that culturally adhere to different local contexts to address substance use disorder in communities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13011-019-0204-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mackenzie Moir
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.,Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Hall
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Giang Hai Ha
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Nam Ba Nguyen
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Center for Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moir M, Chua SW, Reekie T, Martin AD, Ittner A, Ittner LM, Kassiou M. Ring-opened aminothienopyridazines as novel tau aggregation inhibitors. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:1275-1282. [PMID: 30108838 PMCID: PMC6072427 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aminothienopyridazines (ATPZs) have demonstrated efficacy, in vitro, as tau protein aggregation inhibitors. Modifications were made to the ATPZ scaffold to determine the importance of certain structural features for activity. More specifically, ring-opened analogues detached at the nitrogen-nitrogen bond of the pyridazine, were synthesized and their inhibitory activity evaluated. Preliminary data suggests that the ring-opened structures retain inhibitory activity, independent of tau oxidation. The structures detailed represent the beginnings of a deconstruction-reconstruction-elaboration study, with the aim of identifying simpler scaffolds, which retain activity and can be optimized in terms of physiochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moir
- School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia .
| | - S W Chua
- Dementia Research Unit , School of Medical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - T Reekie
- School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia .
| | - A D Martin
- Dementia Research Unit , School of Medical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
- School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - A Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit , School of Medical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - L M Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit , School of Medical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia , Sydney , NSW 2031 , Australia
| | - M Kassiou
- School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia .
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Terris DJ, Toft KM, Moir M, Lum J, Wang M. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-enriched collagen tubule as a substitute for autologous nerve grafts. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 127:294-8. [PMID: 11255474 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.127.3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous nerve interposition grafts are frequently harvested by head and neck surgeons. The sacrifice of these donor nerves guarantees some degree of morbidity, including sensory loss, additional incision sites with associated potential complications, and prolonged operative time. An alternative to autologous nerve grafting is, therefore, desirable. OBJECTIVE To determine if a collagen tubule (CT) filled with either a plain collagen gel or a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-enriched collagen gel could be used to achieve functional and histologic outcomes equivalent to an autologous nerve graft in bridging a 15-mm nerve gap in the rabbit facial nerve. DESIGN A prospective, randomized, blinded animal study with a control group. METHODS Thirty rabbit facial nerves were resected (15-mm segments) to create nerve gaps. The gaps were bridged using 1 of 3 methods, assigned randomly: a reversed facial nerve (control), a collagen gel-filled CT, or a BDNF-enriched collagen gel-filled CT. The animals were evaluated after 6 weeks in a blinded fashion for functional nerve recovery, axon count, and axonal diameter. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the autologous nerve graft group, the collagen gel-filled CT group, or the BDNF-enriched collagen gel-filled CT group (n = 10 for each group) for functional nerve recovery (P =.94). The mean axon count and the mean axonal diameter were highest in the BDNF-enriched collagen gel-filled CT group, but these differences failed to reach statistical significance (P =.18 and.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Collagen tubules filled with BDNF-enriched collagen gel appear to be at least as good as autologous nerve grafts for bridging short facial nerve gaps. Larger experimental studies are warranted to determine if clinical trials are justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Terris
- Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Edwards Bldg, Room R135, Stanford, CA 94305-5328, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moir M. Book Review: The Maillard Reaction: Consequences for the Chemical and Life Sciences, edited by R. Ikan, Wiley, Chichester, 1996. No. of pages: xii + 214, price £55.00. ISBN 0-471-96300-3. FLAVOUR FRAG J 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1026(199703)12:2<134::aid-ffj646>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Moir M, Holbrook RH. Effect of nicardipine on the reversal of magnesium toxicity by calcium gluconate in nonpregnant rabbits. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82:67-70. [PMID: 8515928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether nicardipine, a dihydropyridine, inhibits the ability of calcium gluconate to reverse magnesium-induced toxicity. METHODS The reversal of magnesium-induced neuromuscular blockade of skeletal muscle in the presence of nicardipine was assessed using a nerve stimulator. Nicardipine (12 mg) or an equivalent volume of saline was administered intramuscularly to 19 nonpregnant rabbits in a randomized, blinded manner. Magnesium sulfate, 800 mg, was then infused intravenously in all animals, an amount sufficient to cause toxicity as measured by depression of skeletal muscle twitch and by average serum levels of 10.4 mEq/L. Calcium gluconate (300 mg) was then infused in all animals, and reversal of neuromuscular blockade was measured using the nerve stimulator to compare the saline- and nicardipine-treated groups. RESULTS Administration of calcium gluconate was equally effective in reversing magnesium-induced toxicity in both the control and test groups. CONCLUSION Nicardipine does not block the ability of calcium gluconate to reverse magnesium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moir
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moir M, Holbrook RH. Application of the hemoglobin alkaline denaturation test to determine the fetal origin of blood: applicability to funipuncture. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81:793-6. [PMID: 7682317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In funipuncture, fetal blood is collected by passing a needle transabdominally into an umbilical vessel under ultrasound guidance. The objective of this study was to develop an accurate, inexpensive test that immediately indicates the source of the blood during the umbilical sampling procedure, ie, before the needle is withdrawn. To distinguish fetal from adult blood, we used a modified version of the Apt test, which is based on the different alkaline denaturation properties of adult hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin. We collected 18 blood samples from adult volunteers and 22 umbilical cord samples from deliveries occurring between 25-42 weeks' gestation. The samples were tested for character and time of color change upon addition of increasing concentrations of NaOH. We found 0.2N NaOH to be the ideal concentration to add to hemolyzed blood samples for a reliable determination of blood origin. All of the hemolysates tested in blinded trials using 0.2N NaOH were correctly identified as fetal or adult. The increase in adult hemoglobin due to the increase in gestational age alters the rate of color change, but the difference was not clinically important because it did not alter the efficacy of the alkaline denaturation test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moir
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- J B Lohr
- Department of Psychiatry, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, CA 92161
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|