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Bharathi S, Ramesh B, Kumaran S, Radhakrishnan M, Saravanan D, Saravanan P, Pugazhvendan SR, Nalinasundari MS. Development of nanobiomaterial for wound healing based on silver nanoparticles loaded on chitosan hydrogel. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:490. [PMID: 34790514 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop nanobiomaterial containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for wound healing. AgNPs were synthesized using Saussurea lappa (Sl) aqueous root extract as reducing agent and were characterized physico-chemically using UV-vis spectral studies, XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR spectral analysis, DLS, and TG-DSC. Sl AgNPs production was optimized using response surface methodology. The cytotoxicity of Sl AgNPs was assessed by THP1 cell lines, which showed that Sl AgNPs were nontoxic with an IC50 of 151.10 μg/mL at 24 h. For topical application, Sl AgNPs was loaded on chitosan hydrogel was characterized through spreadability, in vitro release, antibacterial activity, swelling behavior, and SEM analysis. The chitosan Sl AgNPs hydrogel was subjected acute dermal toxicity test using Wistar albino rats and was found to be nontoxic. The excisional wound model was created along with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an inoculant in Wistar albino rats. The chitosan Sl AgNPs hydrogel treated rats showed excellent wound healing qualities, lower bacterial counts, and enhanced production of connective tissues. Our findings strongly suggest that AgNPs synthesized from Saussurea lappa root extract loaded on chitosan hydrogel possibly applied for the remedy of infectious wounds at a concentration of 0.1 mg of Sl AgNPs/g of hydrogel. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03030-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bharathi
- Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 631561 India
- Research Department of Zoology, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600004 India
| | - B Ramesh
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 631561 India
| | - S Kumaran
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119 India
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119 India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119 India
| | - D Saravanan
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119 India
| | - P Saravanan
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 631561 India
| | - S R Pugazhvendan
- Department of Zoology-DDE Wing, Annamalai University, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu 607001 India
- Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu 604407 India
| | - M S Nalinasundari
- Research Department of Zoology, Queen Mary's College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600004 India
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Radhakrishnan M, Packianathan C, Sankaran B, Kandavelu P, Rosen BP. Purification, Crystallization, and Preliminary Crystallographic Studies of Human As(III) S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase (hAS3MT). CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021; 66:1311-1315. [PMID: 35221644 PMCID: PMC8879404 DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental arsenic is associated with serious of health issues such as cancer, diabetes and developmental delays in infants and children. In human liver, As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyl transferase (hAS3MT) (EC 2.1.1.137) was proposed to be an detoxification process by methylation of inorganic arsenite into pentavalent methyl MAs(V) and dimethyl arsenite DMAs(V). More recently the first product was shown to be highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic trivalent methylarsenite (MAs(III)). Our studies are designed to elucidate the mechanism of AS3MT and its contribution to arsenic-related diseases. Here, we report the first crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the human AS3MT enzyme. The crystals belong to the monoclinic P1211 space group with unit cell parameters of a = 135.03 Å, b = 260.44 Å, c = 279.03 Å, α = 90.00°, β = 93.36°, γ = 90.00°.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL.33199 USA
| | - C. Packianathan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL.33199 USA, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX USA
| | - B. Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, BLDG 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - P. Kandavelu
- SER-CAT and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - B. P. Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL.33199 USA,
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Sukumaran L, Radhakrishnan M. Effect of frozen storage on the inhibition of microbial population, chemical and sensory characteristics of coconut neera. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1830-1839. [PMID: 33721389 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, the effect of frozen storage on the inhibition of microbial population in coconut neera for shelf life extension was analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS The aliquots of fresh neera were frozen at -6 and -20°C. The microbial reduction and chemical qualities were analysed during storage days, and were compared with the control. The highest reduction in microbes was obtained at -20°C for lactic acid bacteria, yeast and total viable count. Moreover, the fluorescence cell staining and cell density analysis exhibited a decline at -20°C, however it showed higher at -6°C. At the end of 28 days, neera exhibited a pH of 5·37, total soluble solid of 14·0 °Brix and total acidity of 0·82 mg l-1 at -20°C. Besides, color, viscosity, total protein and ethanol showed a less difference with control and better sensory attribute up to 21 days at -20°C. CONCLUSIONS Frozen storage at -20°C resulted in a better inhibition of lactic acid bacteria, which preserves neera from the metabolic conversion. The physicochemical qualities of neera were preserved for a longer period when stored at -20°C than at atmospheric storage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Frozen storage reduced microbial population and preserves the chemical properties with acceptable sensory attributes and increases the shelf life of coconut neera, making it fit for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sukumaran
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal Processing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal Processing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Reder AT, Centonze D, Naylor ML, Nagpal A, Rajbhandari R, Altincatal A, Kim M, Berdofe A, Radhakrishnan M, Jung E, Sandrock AW, Smirnakis K, Popescu C, de Moor C. COVID-19 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Disease-Modifying Therapies. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:317-330. [PMID: 33743151 PMCID: PMC7980129 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) target immunity and have the potential to increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and alter its clinical course. We assessed these risks in patients with MS (PwMS). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the overall risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, severe disease course, and potential population-level predictors of COVID-19 infection in PwMS, and to provide a context using a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, the association of different MS DMTs with the incidence and clinical course of COVID-19 was evaluated. Safety data from the Biogen Global Safety Database are also presented on reported cases of COVID-19 in patients treated with Biogen MS therapies. METHODS The IBM® Explorys electronic health record database of > 72,000,000 patients from US healthcare networks identified patients with MS or SLE, with and without polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19. COVID-19 cumulative incidence, hospitalization, and deaths among DMT classes were compared using logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, and race/ethnicity). As a secondary data source to assess safety data, COVID-19 reports for Biogen MS therapies were extracted and described from Biogen's Global Safety Database. RESULTS 30,478 PwMS with an open DMT prescription were identified within Explorys; 344 were COVID-19 positive. The most significant risk factors for acquiring COVID-19 were comorbidity score ≥ 1, body mass index ≥ 30, and Black/African ancestry. Similar risk factors were also identified for patients with SLE. Patients with MS were less likely to develop COVID-19 when treated with interferons (0.61%) and glatiramer acetate (0.51%), vs all other MS DMTs (both p < 0.001); anti-CD20 therapy was associated with the highest risk (3.45%; p < 0.0001). In the Biogen Global Safety Database, we identified 1217 patients who were COVID-19 positive treated with intramuscular interferon beta-1a, peginterferon beta-1a, natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, diroximel fumarate, or fampridine. CONCLUSIONS Comorbidities, obesity, and Black/African ancestry, but not age, were associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PwMS. Interferons and glatiramer acetate were associated with a reduced COVID-19 risk, whereas anti-CD20 therapies were associated with an increased risk, within the treated MS cohort. COVID-19 safety reports for patients receiving Biogen MS therapies were consistent with the Explorys database and MS literature, illustrating the replicability and power of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Reder
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Laboratory of Synaptic Immunopathology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Deb D, Ankem C, Prabhakar S, Radhakrishnan M. A mysterious case of transient proptosis. TNOA J Ophthalmic Sci Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_18_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sindhupriya M, Menon PA, Radhakrishnan M, Mathangi K. "Neurogenic stunned myocardium": A rare but real possibility in a paediatric patient. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:348-350. [PMID: 32489218 PMCID: PMC7259412 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_879_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sindhupriya
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology NIMHANS Bangalore, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth A Menon
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology NIMHANS Bangalore, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology NIMHANS Bangalore, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Mathangi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology NIMHANS Bangalore, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Rogers BC, Bertram N, Gersonius B, Gunn A, Löwe R, Murphy C, Pasman R, Radhakrishnan M, Urich C, Wong THF, Arnbjerg-Nielsen K. An interdisciplinary and catchment approach to enhancing urban flood resilience: a Melbourne case. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190201. [PMID: 32063172 PMCID: PMC7061968 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel interdisciplinary and catchment-based approach for exploring urban flood resilience. Our research identified and developed a diverse set of adaptation measures for Elwood, a suburb in Melbourne, Australia, that is vulnerable to pluvial and coastal flooding. We drew on methods from social science, urban design and environmental engineering to gain integrated insights into the opportunities for Elwood to increase its flood resilience and urban liveability. Results showed that an appropriate balance of social, infrastructural and urban design responses would be required to retreat from, accommodate and protect against flood risk. These would also deliver broader benefits such as securing water supplies through harvested stormwater and mitigating extreme heat through greener landscapes. Our interdisciplinary approach demonstrated the value of (i) engaging with the community to understand their concerns, aspirations and adaptation ideas, (ii) exploring design measures that densify and use urban forms in ways that implement adaptation measures while responding to local context, (iii) adopting modelling techniques to test the performance, robustness and economic viability of possible adaptation solutions, and (iv) innovating governance arrangements and principles needed to improve flood resilience in the Elster Creek catchment. Our research also provided valuable insight on how to operationalize interdisciplinary work in practice, highlighting the importance of sharing an impact agenda, taking a place-based approach, developing a common conceptual framework, and fostering a constructive team culture. This article is part of the theme issue 'Urban flood resilience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. C. Rogers
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N. Bertram
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Art Design and Architecture (MADA), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B. Gersonius
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A. Gunn
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. Löwe
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C. Murphy
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Art Design and Architecture (MADA), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. Pasman
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Art Design and Architecture (MADA), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Radhakrishnan
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C. Urich
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T. H. F. Wong
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
Teratoma of the orbit is rare; very few cases have been published in literature. A case of orbital teratoma in a neonate is presented where the proptosis was massive enough to obscure the eyeball. Clinically, the diagnosis of teratoma was considered. As there was no possibility of salvaging the eye, exenteration of the orbit was done. Orbital teratomas are generally benign. Histopathological examination revealed the features of malignant teratoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vs Prakash
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Indira
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Leela
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Radhakrishnan M, Chinnadurai P. Job Involvement of Teaching Professionals in Relation to their Emotional Maturity. International Journal of Management Studies 2019. [DOI: 10.18843/ijms/v6si5/12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lakshmegowda M, Rao GSU, Radhakrishnan M. Does Manipulating Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure Cause Associated Parallel Change in Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients of Traumatic Brain Injury? Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha Lakshmegowda
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIM-HANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G. S. Umamaheswara Rao
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIM-HANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIM-HANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Pavithra V, Radhakrishnan M, Rohini MS. Utility of Cerebral Oximetry in Diagnosing Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Neuro Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Pavithra
- Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Radhakrishnan
- Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. S. Rohini
- Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kapoor MC, Radhakrishnan M, Ramesh VJ, Murthy HS, Sharma D, Gundappa P, Das T, Wankhede R, Bhaskaran K, Sengupta S, Patil R, Dey S, Singh K, Moharana AK. A prospective observational study of the use of desflurane anesthesia in Indian adult inpatients undergoing surgery: The Registry in India on Suprane Emergence registry. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2017; 33:164-171. [PMID: 28781440 PMCID: PMC5520587 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_350_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Limited registry studies are available on the use of anesthetic agents. This registry was conducted to evaluate emergence outcomes in Indian adult patients undergoing surgery with desflurane anesthesia. Material and Methods: This multicenter, prospective, non-interventional, observational study (Registry in India on Suprane Emergence [RISE] registry) included adult inpatients who received desflurane as general anesthetic for surgical procedure of ≥2 h. Patients were stratified by age into three groups: ≥18–40 years, ≥41–65 years, and >65 years. Data on patients’ demographics, practice, and usage pattern of medications were collected. The primary efficacy outcomes were time to extubation, time to response to verbal command, and time to orientation. Results: Of 236 patients screened, 201 (≥18–40 years, n = 70; ≥41–65 years, n = 65; >65 years, n = 66) were enrolled in the study. Mean time to extubation observed in ≥18–40 years group was 7.2 ± 4.1 min, ≥41–65 years was 11.6 ± 8.99 min, and >65 years was 12.0 ± 10.5 min. Mean time to response to verbal command was 7.4 ± 4.3 min for ≥18–40 years, 10.9 ± 8.5 min for ≥41–65 years, and 10.0 ± 5.4 min for >65 years. Mean time to orientation was 13.0 ± 7.0 min for ≥18–40 years, 16.1 ± 12.0 min for ≥41–65 years, and 17.0 ± 8.6 min for >65 years. Incidence of nausea and retching/vomiting was observed in 8% of patients each in the postoperative period, and these complications were seen more in the >65 years age group. Overall, desflurane treatment maintained hemodynamic stability and no major airway events were reported. Conclusions: The RISE registry data suggest that desflurane-based anesthesia provides early recovery with stable hemodynamics without any airway adverse events, in a wide variety of surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Chandra Kapoor
- Department of Anaesthesia, Max Smart Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, Delhi, India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Anaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V J Ramesh
- Department of Anaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Murthy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhirja Sharma
- Department of Anaesthesia, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi, India
| | | | - Tanmoy Das
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ravi Wankhede
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - K Bhaskaran
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saiket Sengupta
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sibasish Dey
- Medical Affairs, Baxter India Private Limited, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Kuljinder Singh
- Medical Affairs, Baxter India Private Limited, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok K Moharana
- Medical Affairs, Baxter India Private Limited, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Nitin M, Ramesh V, Radhakrishnan M. Hemodynamic changes in cervical myelopathy with prone position using non invasive cardiac output monitor. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Nitin
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V. Ramesh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical Care, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bharath S, Umamaheswara Rao G, Radhakrishnan M, Bhat D. ECG and echocardiographic abnormalities in head injury patients undergoing emergency surgical decompression. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bharath
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhananjaya Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ranjan P, Fletcher GJ, Radhakrishnan M, Sivakumar J, Premkumar PS, Goel A, Zachariah UG, Abraham P. Association of interleukin-28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms with sustained viral response in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and 3 infected patients from the Indian subcontinent. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:335-41. [PMID: 27514956 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.188329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the IL28B gene (rs12979860 and rs8099917) have been shown to impact treatment responses in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. The association of these polymorphisms with sustained viral response (SVR) has been studied in HCV genotype 3 infected patients in India, but not in genotype 1. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association of IL28B gene polymorphisms and other host and viral factors with treatment response in patients with HCV genotype 1 and 3 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA from 42 HCV-infected patients on antiviral therapy was analysed for the IL28B polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Bidirectional sequencing was performed on a subset of samples for verification of PCR-RFLP results. Information on age, weight, height, diabetic status, pre-treatment viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was obtained from clinical records. The IL28B genotypes and the other factors were analysed for their association with SVR. RESULTS The frequency distribution of rs12979860 CC/CT/TT genotypes was found to be 66.7%, 26.2% and 7.1%, respectively. For rs8099917 genotype, the TT/GT/GG distribution was 73.8%, 21.4% and 4.8%, respectively. SVR was seen in 61.9% of cases (55.6% in genotype 1 and 62.5% in genotype 3). CC genotype at rs12979860 and TT genotype at rs8099917 were significantly higher in responders (P = 0.013 and 0.042, respectively). Lower baseline ALT and rapid viral response were also found to be associated with SVR. On logistic regression analysis, CC genotype at rs12979860 emerged as the most powerful predictor of treatment response. CONCLUSION IL28B polymorphisms are strong predictors of SVR in patients from the Indian subcontinent infected with HCV genotype 3 and genotype 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ranjan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G J Fletcher
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Sivakumar
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P S Premkumar
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - U G Zachariah
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ismail AM, Raghavendran A, Sivakumar J, Radhakrishnan M, Rose W, Abraham P. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a cause for concern. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33 Suppl:140-3. [PMID: 25657134 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.150931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important public health issue. India introduced HBV vaccine in 10 states as part of its Universal Immunization Program (UIP). Here we show evidence of mother-to-child transmission of HBV in three families from Jharkhand and Bihar states where HBV vaccination is not yet included in the UIP. This report illustrates the need for active screening of HBV in pregnant women and implementation of HBV vaccine across all states in India to reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - P Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore - 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mittal M, Radhakrishnan M, UmamaheswaraRao GS. Management of catecholamine-induced stunned myocardium--a case report. J Clin Anesth 2015; 27:527-30. [PMID: 26160709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive, hypervolumic, and hemodilution therapy (triple-H therapy) is administered to patients with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after intracranial aneurysm clipping. This therapy can sometimes result in cardiac dysfunction because of pharmacologically induced hyperadrenergic state. The diagnosis may be missed if blood pressure alone is monitored to guide triple-H therapy. In this report, we describe one such patient who developed cardiac failure after triple-H therapy. This was diagnosed by using a bioreactance noninvasive cardiac output monitoring. Continuous cardiac output monitoring by this technique facilitated treatment of cardiac failure with milrinone and dobutamine. At discharge, the patient had no neurologic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Mittal
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - G S UmamaheswaraRao
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Redhu S, Radhakrishnan M, Rao GSU. AN AUDIT OF THE CURRENT PRACTICES OF AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR ATLANTO-AXIAL DISLOCATION IN A SINGLE INSTITUTION. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 2015; 23:163-170. [PMID: 26442392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atlanto axial dislocation (AAD) undergo stabilisation procedures under general anesthesia. Airway management in these patients is difficult as cervical spine movements during laryngoscopy can worsen spinal cord damage. Though multiple airway devices are used to intubate the trachea of these patients, there is no evidence of superiority of one technique over another. This retrospective study was designed to audit the practice of airway management during surgery for AAD over a 5 year period, starting from 2006 till 2011. METHODS Patients' demographics, airway intervention techniques, types of surgical procedures, postoperative neurological and respiratory deterioration were recorded from the case files. Association between the types of airway interventions and the postoperative neurological and respiratory deterioration were analysed. RESULTS One hundred and six patients underwent surgery for AAD during the study period. Sixty one percent of the patients were intubated with the help of a fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and among them 15% received general anesthesia to facilitate FOB. Eighteen patients developed neurological deterioration and 15 patients developed respiratory weakness requiring ventilation postoperatively. Congenital AAD patients had higher chances for extubation at the end of surgery when intubated using FOB (p = 0.007). Among the AAD patients, female gender had significantly higher incidence of neurological deterioration compared to males. CONCLUSION In the current audit, there was no correlation between the perioperative variables and postoperative respiratory and neurological deterioration. Most of the respiratory problems occurred between 2-5 postoperative days stressing the need for extended intensive postoperative monitoring of these patients.
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Sriganesh K, Radhakrishnan M, Umamaheswara Rao G. Systemic care in the acute management of patients with stroke. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2348-0548.130383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEarly and effective systemic management plays an important role in the outcome of patients with stroke. Vigilant respiratory and hemodynamic monitoring and optimisation along with nutritional and metabolic correction goes a long way in improving results of definitive treatment in patients with stroke. This review discusses the systemic changes occurring after stroke and provides current evidence in the management of these factors, which significantly influence the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamath Sriganesh
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganne Umamaheswara Rao
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Radhakrishnan M, Mohanvelu K, Veena S, Sripathy G, Umamaheswara Rao GS. Pulse-plethysmographic variables in hemodynamic assessment during mannitol infusion. J Clin Monit Comput 2012; 26:99-106. [PMID: 22318409 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-012-9339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plethysmographic signal using pulse oximetry may be used to assess fluid status of patients during surgery as it resembles arterial pressure waveform. This will avoid placement of invasive arterial lines. This study was designed to find out whether intravascular volume changes induced by mannitol bolus in neurosurgical patients are detected by variations in arterial pressure and plethysmographic waveforms and also to assess the strength of correlation between different variables derived from these two waveforms. The time difference between the onset of arterial and plethysmographic waveforms as means of significant hemodynamic changes was also evaluated. Forty one adult ASA I and II neurosurgical patients requiring mannitol infusion were recruited. Arterial line and plethysmographic probe were placed in the same limb. Digitized waveforms were collected before, at the end, and 15, 30 and 60 min after mannitol infusion. Using MATLAB, the following parameters were collected for three consecutive respiratory cycles,-systolic pressure variation (SPV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), plethysmographic peak variation (Pl-PV), plethysmographic amplitude variation (Pl-AV) and blood pressure-plethysmographic time lag (BP-Pleth time lag). Changes in above parameters over the study period were studied using repeated measure analysis of variance. Correlation between the parameters was analysed. SPV and Pl-PV showed significant increase at 15, 30 and 60 min compared to end of mannitol infusion (P < 0.01 for SPV; P < 0.05 for Pl-PV). PPV and Pl-AV showed significant increase only at 30 min (P < 0.05). The correlation between ∆SPV-∆Pl-PV, ∆PPV-∆Pl-AV and ∆SPV-∆BP-Pleth time lag were significant (r = 0.3; P < 0.01). SPV and time lag had no significant interaction. Pl-PV correlates well with SPV following mannitol infusion and can be used as an alternative to SPV. (BP-Pleth) time-lag promises to be an important parameter in assessing the state of peripheral vascular resistance and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Balagurunathan R, Radhakrishnan M, Rajendran RB, Velmurugan D. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by actinomycete Streptomyces viridogens strain HM10. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2011; 48:331-335. [PMID: 22165291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Streptomycetes from Himalayan Mountain was undertaken for the first time. Out of 10 actinomycete strains tested, four strains (D10, HM10, ANS2 and MSU) showed evidence for the intracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles, among which the strain HM10 showed high potency. Presence of spherical and rod shaped gold nanoparticles in mycelium of the strain HM10 was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The average particle size ranged from 18-20 nm. UV spectral analysis indicated that the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) occurred within 24 h of reaction period. Further, the strain HM10 showed enhanced growth at 1 and 10 mM concentration of HAuCl4. The gold nanoparticles synthesized by the strain HM10 showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli in well-diffusion method. The potential actinomycete HM10 strain was phenotypically characterized and identified as Streptomyces viridogens (HM10). Thus, actinomycete strain HM10 reported in this study is a newly added source for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Balagurunathan
- Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India.
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Chakraborti S, Govindan A, Alapatt JP, Radhakrishnan M, Santosh V. Primary myxopapillary ependymoma of the fourth ventricle with cartilaginous metaplasia: a case report and review of the literature. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 29:25-30. [PMID: 21837503 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-011-0059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE), which is a benign histological subtype of ependymoma, is found predominantly in the cauda equina region. It occurs rarely in the brain and mostly as a metastatic deposit from a spinal lesion. The occurrence of primary intracranial MPE is exceptional, with only 11 cases reported to date. We report an additional case of intracranial MPE, which is the third reported case in the fourth ventricle. The tumor manifested in a 50-year-old lady, who presented with features of raised intracranial pressure. A gross total resection of the tumor was achieved. Histologically, the tumor had characteristic features of MPE with focal metaplastic cartilaginous deposit. On further evaluation, there was no evidence of a primary tumor in the spinal cord. Intracranial MPE needs further evaluation by craniospinal MRI to exclude an unrecognized primary in the spinal region, which could warrant surgical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijeet Chakraborti
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 029, India.
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Ganesh S, Radhakrishnan M, Ravi M, Prasannakumar B, Kalyani J. In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Combination of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers on Controlled Release Zidovudine Matrix Tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:461-5. [PMID: 20046771 PMCID: PMC2792557 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.44594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize controlled-release matrix tablets of zidovudine using hydrophilic HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 alone or in combination with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. Release kinetics was evaluated by using USP XXIV dissolution apparatus No.2 (paddle) type. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the effect of dissolution medium on matrix tablet surface. The in vitro results of controlled – release zidovudine tablets were compared with conventional marketed tablet Zidovir. The in vitro drug release study revealed that HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 preparation was able to sustain the drug release near to 6 hours. Combining HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 with ethyl cellulose sustained the drug release for nearly 12 h. The in vitro evaluation showed that the drug release may be by diffusion along with erosion. Results suggest that the developed controlled-release tablets of zidovudine could perform therapeutically better than marketed dosage forms, leading to improve efficacy, controlling the release and better patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, the Erode College of Pharmacy, Erode-638 112, India
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Selvameenal L, Radhakrishnan M, Balagurunathan R. Antibiotic pigment from desert soil actinomycetes; biological activity, purification and chemical screening. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:499-504. [PMID: 20502566 PMCID: PMC2866339 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.58174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An actinomycete strain, Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. ossamyceticus (strain D10) was isolated from Thar Desert soil, Rajasthan during the year 2006 and found to produce a yellow color pigment with antibiotic activity. Crude pigment was produced from strain D10 by solid state fermentation using wheat bran medium followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the crude pigment was evaluated against drug resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended spectrum β-lactamase producing cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. About 420 mg of crude pigment was produced per 10 g of wheat bran medium. In the disc diffusion method the crude ethyl acetate extract showed a minimum of 10 mm inhibition against Klebsiella sp. and maximum of 19 mm of inhibition against Escherichia coli. The crude pigment was partially purified using thin layer chromatography with the solvent system chloroform:methanol (30:70) and the Rf value was calculated as 0.768. Antimicrobial activity of the partially purified compound from thin layer chromatography was determined using the bioautography method. The purified pigment showed minimum of 15 mm inhibition against Klebsiella sp. and a maximum of 23 mm of inhibition against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the disc diffusion method. Based on the results of chemical screening, the pigment was tentatively identified as group of sugar containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Selvameenal
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram-631 561, India
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Wu J, Guo Z, Berman R, Coric V, Kumar S, Radhakrishnan M. P2‐119: Occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the elderly with and without Alzheimer's Disease in the US. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmanda Wu
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbPenningtonNew JerseyUnited States
| | - Zhenchao Guo
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbWallingfordConnecticutUnited States
| | - Robert Berman
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbWallingfordConnecticutUnited States
| | - Vlad Coric
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbWallingfordConnecticutUnited States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbPenningtonNew JerseyUnited States
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Abstract
We describe a case of postoperative stroke in a patient undergoing anterior cervical discectomy caused by a combination of intraoperative retraction of an atherosclerotic carotid vessel and arterial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India 560029
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Abstract
A 20-year-old woman with a history of seizures presented symptoms of walking difficulties for the past six months. Clinical examination was suggestive of a craniovertebral junction anomaly. A cerebrospinal fluid study showed mild protein elevation with no evidence of an infective pathology. Craniospinal MRI revealed diffuse nodular leptomeningeal enhancement of the brain and spinal cord. Histopathological examination was suggestive of a low-grade glioma, and the patient was diagnosed with primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis. So far, the patient has survived for more than 110 months without aggressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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Radhakrishnan M, Kumar S, Jaganath A, Umamaheswara Rao GS. Acute beta-adrenergic blockade: an unusual cause of suppression of spectral entropy values during isoflurane anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:718-9. [PMID: 18419728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Radhakrishnan M, Jaganath A, Rao GU, Kumari H. Nebulized imipenem to control nosocomial pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Crit Care 2008; 23:148-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center NC-CTN, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Dooley M, Schwarer A, Radhakrishnan M, Poole S, Neville M, Jennifer L, Farag S. 201: Impact of palifermin on hospital resource consumption associated with allogenic peripheral blood transplantation and total body irradiation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bithal PK, Pandia MP, Chaturvedi A, Radhakrishnan M, Prabhakar H, Sharma D. Lidocaine infiltration of the scalp does not completely abolish increased intraocular pressure due to skull pin insertion. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:730-2. [PMID: 16904893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of skull pins results in haemodynamic perturbations, which can be blunted by local anaesthetic infiltration of the pin sites. No study has assessed the effects on intraocular pressure. General anaesthesia was induced in 71 patients undergoing cervical spine surgery with attachment of Gardner Wells tongs to the skull. Skull pins were attached five minutes after induction following either saline (group I, 35 patients) or lidocaine (group II, 36 patients) infiltration of scalp. Intraocular pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before (baseline), immediately after, and 60 s following pin insertion and analysed statistically. Insertion of pins increased intraocular pressure in both groups (from 8.4+/-2.7 to 14.2+/-3.0 mmHg in group I, and from 8.8+/-2.3 to 12.7+/-2.7 mmHg in group II, P < 0.001), which persisted even at 60 s but the increase was significantly greater in group I. Insertion of pins significantly increased blood pressure in group I only. We conclude that lidocaine infiltration at the skull pin sites for Gardner Wells tong attachment fails to completely abolish increased intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Bithal
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India.
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Radhakrishnan M, Agarwal S, Bithal PK, Gupta V. Heparin-induced transient prolongation of the QT interval during endovascular embolisation of intracranial aneurysm. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:489-92. [PMID: 16678734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged QT interval and increased QT(C) dispersion have been described immediately following rupture of intracranial aneurysm, due to increased sympathetic activity. Here, we report a patient with transient prolongation of the QT interval, probably due to heparin-induced hypocalcaemia, which occurred during coiling of a right internal carotid aneurysm, 54 days after ictus. Correction of the hypocalcaemia led to resolution of the electrocardiogram and blood pressure abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Cardiothoracic and Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Radhakrishnan M, Bithal PK, Chaturvedi A. Effect of preemptive gabapentin on postoperative pain relief and morphine consumption following lumbar laminectomy and discectomy: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2005; 17:125-8. [PMID: 16037731 DOI: 10.1097/01.ana.0000167147.90544.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synergism between gabapentin and morphine in treating incisional pain has been demonstrated in animal experiments and clinical studies. The efficacy of gabapentin for treatment of perioperative pain remains controversial. This study was designed to detect the influence of gabapentin premedication on morphine consumption in the immediate postoperative period in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy and discectomy. Either gabapentin 800 mg (in two equally divided doses) or placebo was given preoperatively to 60 adult patients undergoing elective lumbar laminectomy or discectomy in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Standard general anesthesia was given to all the patients. Morphine was administered via patient-controlled analgesia pump in the immediate postoperative period for first 8 hours. Pain at rest and on movement was assessed using a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) every 2 hours for the first 8 postoperative hours. There were no differences in demographics or surgical duration between the two groups. The amount of fentanyl administered in the intraoperative period was similar between the two groups. In the postoperative period, the VRS score for pain at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours was not significantly different between the two groups. Highest median VRS score was recorded at 0 hours postoperatively in both groups (VRS: rest = 6, movement = 8 in placebo group; rest = 6, movement = 8 in gabapentin group). Total morphine consumption and side effects were similar in the two groups. Gabapentin does not decrease the morphine requirement or morphine side effects in the immediate postoperative period following lumbar laminectomy and discectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, CN Centre, New Delhi, India
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Pandey AK, Sharma AK, Diyora BD, Sayal PP, Ingale HA, Radhakrishnan M. Inadvertent insertion of nasogastric tube into the brain. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:322-3. [PMID: 15636338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
An unusual case of a nasogastric (Ryle's) tube inserted in the brain in a patient having severe head injury with skull base fractures is reported here along with a brief review of literature. A 35 years male was referred from a peripheral institute following head trauma with endotracheal tube and nasogastric tube in situ. A CT scan of the brain showed multiple skull base fractures and a high parietal extradural hematoma. It also revealed that the nasogastric tube had inadvertently found its way into the brain through the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone. The tube was removed under aseptic conditions in the operation theatre but the patient expired on day 2 of admission due to the head injuries sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai (Bombay) 400 022, India
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Prakash MVS, Radhakrishnan M, Yogeshwari A, Nazir W, Maragatham K, Natarajan K. Inverse Marcus Gunn phenomenon. Indian J Ophthalmol 2002; 50:142-4. [PMID: 12194575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse Marcus-Gunn phenomenon is very rare. It is usually acquired. We report a young male patient presenting with congenital ptosis and inverse Marcus-Gunn phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V S Prakash
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Egmore, Chennai, India
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Verghese M, Radhakrishnan M, Chandrapal H, Jacob MV. Phasic conversion after tibialis posterior transfer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1975; 56:83-5. [PMID: 1124982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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