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Imamori M, Hosooka T, Imi Y, Hosokawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Itoh Y, Ogawa W. Thrombospondin-1 promotes liver fibrosis by enhancing TGF-β action in hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149369. [PMID: 38091840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is thought to be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH), but the mechanism underlying this contribution to MASLD/MASH has remained unknown. We previously showed that dysregulation of the PDK1-FoxO1 signaling axis in adipocytes plays a role in the development of MASLD/MASH by analysis of adipocyte-specific PDK1 knockout (A-PDK1KO) and adipocyte-specific PDK1/FoxO1 double-knockout (A-PDK1/FoxO1DKO) mice. We here focused on the role of the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) as a secreted factor whose expression in adipose tissue is increased in A-PDK1KO mice and normalized in A-PDK1/FoxO1DKO mice. Genetic ablation of TSP-1 markedly ameliorated liver fibrosis in A-PDK1KO mice fed a high-fat diet. With regard to the potential mechanism of this effect, TSP-1 augmented the expression of fibrosis-related genes induced by TGF-β in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells. We also showed that TSP-1 expression and secretion were negatively regulated by insulin signaling via the PDK1-FoxO1 axis in cultured adipocytes. Our results thus indicate that TSP-1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in MASH. Regulation of TSP-1 expression by PDK1-FoxO1 axis in adipocytes may provide a basis for targeted therapy of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan; Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Imi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Division of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Kasahara N, Imi Y, Amano R, Shinohara M, Okada K, Hosokawa Y, Imamori M, Tomimoto C, Kunisawa J, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Ogawa W, Hosooka T. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18983. [PMID: 37923895 PMCID: PMC10624680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance by activating the transcription factor PPARγ. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering action, pioglitazone exerts pleiotropic effects including amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanism by which pioglitazone achieves this latter effect has remained unclear, however. We here show that pioglitazone administration increases the amount of linoleic acid (LA) metabolites in adipose tissue of KK-Ay mice. These metabolites are produced by lactic acid bacteria in the gut, and pioglitazone also increased the fraction of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota. Administration of the LA metabolite HYA (10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid) to C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet improved liver histology including steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-sequencing data for the liver revealed that the top category for genes downregulated by HYA treatment was related to extracellular matrix, and the expression of individual genes related to fibrosis was confirmed to be attenuated by HYA treatment. Mechanistically, HYA suppressed TGF-β-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and fibrosis-related gene expression in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2). Our results implicate LA metabolites in the mechanism by which pioglitazone ameliorates liver fibrosis, and they suggest that HYA is a potential therapeutic for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanaho Kasahara
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukiko Imi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Reina Amano
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Future Medicine Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kumiko Okada
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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Hosokawa Y, Hosooka T, Imamori M, Yamaguchi K, Itoh Y, Ogawa W. Adipose tissue insulin resistance exacerbates liver inflammation and fibrosis in a diet-induced NASH model. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:02009842-202306010-00020. [PMID: 37219877 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin regulates various biological processes in adipocytes, and adipose tissue dysfunction due to insulin resistance in this tissue plays a central role in the development of metabolic diseases, including NAFLD and NASH. However, the combined impact of adipose tissue insulin resistance and dietary factors on the pathogenesis of NAFLD-NASH has remained unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is a serine-threonine protein kinase that mediates the metabolic actions of insulin. We recently showed that adipocyte-specific PDK1 knockout (A-PDK1KO) mice maintained on normal chow exhibit metabolic disorders, including progressive liver disease leading to NASH, in addition to reduced adipose tissue mass. We here show that maintenance of A-PDK1KO mice on the Gubra amylin NASH (GAN) diet rich in saturated fat, cholesterol, and fructose exacerbates inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. Consistent with these histological findings, RNA-sequencing analysis of the liver showed that the expression of genes related to inflammation and fibrosis was additively upregulated by adipocyte-specific PDK1 ablation and the GAN diet. Of note, the reduced adipose tissue mass of A-PDK1KO mice was not affected by the GAN diet. Our results thus indicate that adipose tissue insulin resistance and the GAN diet additively promote inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of mice. CONCLUSIONS A-PDK1KO mice fed with the GAN diet, constitute a new mouse model for studies of the pathogenesis of NAFLD-NASH, especially that in lean individuals, as well as for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Hosokawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Imamori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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Nabatame Y, Hosooka T, Aoki C, Hosokawa Y, Imamori M, Tamori Y, Okamatsu‐Ogura Y, Yoneshiro T, Kajimura S, Saito M, Ogawa W. Kruppel-like factor 15 regulates fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in brown adipocytes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1144-1151. [PMID: 33480176 PMCID: PMC8264414 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Brown adipose tissue (BAT) utilizes large amounts of fuel for thermogenesis, but the mechanism by which fuel substrates are switched in response to changes in energy status is poorly understood. We have now investigated the role of Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a transcription factor expressed at a high level in adipose tissue, in the regulation of fuel utilization in BAT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Depletion or overexpression of KLF15 in HB2 differentiated brown adipocytes was achieved by adenoviral infection. Glucose and fatty acid oxidation were measured with radioactive substrates, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was determined with a colorimetric assay, and gene expression was examined by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Knockdown of KLF15 in HB2 cells attenuated fatty acid oxidation in association with downregulation of the expression of genes related to this process including Acox1 and Fatp1, whereas it increased glucose oxidation. Expression of the gene for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a negative regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was increased or decreased by KLF15 overexpression or knockdown, respectively, in HB2 cells, with these changes being accompanied by a respective decrease or increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Pdk4 is a direct target of KLF15 in HB2 cells. Finally, fasting increased expression of KLf15, Pdk4 and genes involved in fatty acid utilization in BAT of mice, whereas refeeding suppressed Klf15 and Pdk4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate KLF15 in the regulation of fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in response to changes in energy status in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nabatame
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Division of Development of Advanced Therapy for Metabolic DiseaseKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Chikako Aoki
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yoshikazu Tamori
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Division of Creative Health PromotionKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu‐Ogura
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Cell and Tissue BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Division of Metabolic MedicineResearch Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Cell and Tissue BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Laboratory of BiochemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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