1
|
Schrodt F, Vernham G, Bailey J, Field R, Gordon JE, Gray M, Hjort J, Hoorn C, Hunter Jr. ML, Larwood J, Lausch A, Monge-Ganuzas M, Miller S, van Ree D, Seijmonsbergen AC, Zarnetske PL, Daniel Kissling W. The status and future of essential geodiversity variables. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230052. [PMID: 38342208 PMCID: PMC10859226 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid environmental change, natural resource overconsumption and increasing concerns about ecological sustainability have led to the development of 'Essential Variables' (EVs). EVs are harmonized data products to inform policy and to enable effective management of natural resources by monitoring global changes. Recent years have seen the instigation of new EVs beyond those established for climate, oceans and biodiversity (ECVs, EOVs and EBVs), including Essential Geodiversity Variables (EGVs). EGVs aim to consistently quantify and monitor heterogeneity of Earth-surface and subsurface abiotic features, including geology, geomorphology, hydrology and pedology. Here we assess the status and future development of EGVs to better incorporate geodiversity into policy and sustainable management of natural resources. Getting EGVs operational requires better consensus on defining geodiversity, investments into a governance structure and open platform for curating the development of EGVs, advances in harmonizing in situ measurements and linking heterogeneous databases, and development of open and accessible computational workflows for global digital mapping using machine-learning techniques. Cross-disciplinary collaboration and partnerships with governmental and private organizations are needed to ensure the successful development and uptake of EGVs across science and policy. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Grant Vernham
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joseph Bailey
- Department of Biology, Anglia Ruskin University - Cambridge Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - John E. Gordon
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY169AL, UK
| | - Murray Gray
- Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jan Hjort
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1000 GG, The Netherlands
| | - Malcom L. Hunter Jr.
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Maine, USA
| | - Jonathan Larwood
- Strategy and Governance, Natural England, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire PE2 8YY, UK
| | - Angela Lausch
- Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony 04318, Germany
| | - Manu Monge-Ganuzas
- Geoheritage Commission, Spanish Geological Society, Busturia, Biscay 48350, Spain
| | - Stephanie Miller
- School of Biology and Ecology; Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5751, USA
| | - Derk van Ree
- Geo-engineering, Deltares, Delft 2600 MH, The Netherlands
- Environmental Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculteit der Betawetenschappen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Christoffel Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Phoebe L. Zarnetske
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monge-Ganuzas M, Guillén-Mondéjar F, Díaz-Martínez E, Herrero N, Brilha J. Geoconservation at the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230053. [PMID: 38342209 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This work describes the achievements made towards geoconservation within the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) from the 1990s onwards. The key milestones in the recognition of geoconservation within the IUCN are presented. Initially, the IUCN's geoconservation efforts were focused on refining the criteria for World Heritage (WH) designation. Subsequently, the actions focused on spreading the geoconservation framework within the IUCN World Conservation Congresses (WCCs), the establishment of an expert group on geoconservation within the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA) and the publication of guidelines for geoconservation. We describe how the inclusion within the IUCN membership of three organizations-two of them Spanish: The Geological Society of Spain (SGE) and the Society for the Defence of Geological and Mining Heritage (SEDPGYM); and one international, ProGEO-has been a key factor. These organizations have achieved the adoption of resolutions in which geoconservation, its vision, its principles and its definitions have been taken into account in the IUCN WCC (2008-2020 period), and have promoted the geoconservation conceptual framework among nature conservationists. We also analyse the progress made and offer a series of recommendations to improve geoconservation in the future adopting a more integrated approach to nature conservation within the IUCN. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Monge-Ganuzas
- Geoheritage Commission of the Spanish Geological Society, Society for the Defence of Geological and Mining Heritage and ProGEO, Madariaga Dorretxea San Bartolome auzoa 34-34, 48350 Busturia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Francisco Guillén-Mondéjar
- Geoheritage Commission of the Spanish Geological Society, Society for the Defence of Geological and Mining Heritage and Geology Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Díaz-Martínez
- Geoheritage Commission of the Spanish Geological Society, Society for the Defence of Geological and Mining Heritage, ProGEO and CSIC-IGME, Rios Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Herrero
- Geoheritage Commission of the Spanish Geological Society and Directorate General for the Natural Environment and Biodiversity, Government of Catalunya, del Foc street, 57, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Brilha
- Institute of Earth Sciences and ProGEO, pole of the University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peña L, Monge-Ganuzas M, Onaindia M, De Manuel BF, Mendia M. A Holistic Approach Including Biological and Geological Criteria for Integrative Management in Protected Areas. Environ Manage 2017; 59:325-337. [PMID: 27778065 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity hotspots and geosites are indivisible parts of natural heritage. Therefore, an adequate spatial delimitation and understanding of both and their linkages are necessary in order to be able to establish conservation policies. Normally, biodiversity hotspots are a typical target for those policies but, generally, geosites are not taken into account. Thus, this paper aims to fill this gap by providing an easily replicable method for the identification and integration of the geosites and the biodiversity hotspots in a Network for Integrative Nature Conservation that highlights their linkages. The method here presented has been applied to Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve situated in southeastern of the Bay of Biscay. The obtained results indicate that some geosites that are not directly related with biodiversity hotspots remain unprotected. Thus, from the study carried out, it can be stated that we conserving just the biodiversity hotspots is not enough to conserve the whole natural heritage of a protected area, as some plots interesting due to their relevant geoheritage remain unprotected. Therefore, it is necessary to fully integrate geosites into the planning documents of protected areas as a part of an ecosystem approach. The ecosystem approach recognizes the integrity of abiotic and biotic elements in nature conservation policies. Moreover, the proposed framework and the innovative methodology can be used as an easy input to identify priority areas for conservation, to improve the protected areas conservation planning, and to demonstrate the linkages between biodiversity hotspots and geosites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Peña
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, 48080, Spain.
| | - Manu Monge-Ganuzas
- Department of Environment and Territorial Policy. Basque Government, Service of Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, Madariaga Tower. Gernika-Bermeo road. San Bartolome, Busturia, 48350, Spain
| | - Miren Onaindia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández De Manuel
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| | - Miren Mendia
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| |
Collapse
|