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Porta-Casteràs D, Vicent-Gil M, Serra-Blasco M, Navarra-Ventura G, Solé B, Montejo L, Torrent C, Martinez-Aran A, De la Peña-Arteaga V, Palao D, Vieta E, Cardoner N, Cano M. Increased grey matter volumes in the temporal lobe and its relationship with cognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110962. [PMID: 38365103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by episodic mood dysregulation, although a significant portion of patients suffer persistent cognitive impairment during euthymia. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research suggests BD patients may have accelerated brain aging, observed as lower grey matter volumes. How these neurostructural alterations are related to the cognitive profile of BD is unclear. METHODS We aim to explore this relationship in euthymic BD patients with multimodal structural neuroimaging. A sample of 27 euthymic BD patients and 24 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural grey matter MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). BD patient's cognition was also assessed. FreeSurfer algorithms were used to obtain estimations of regional grey matter volumes. White matter pathways were reconstructed using TRACULA, and four diffusion metrics were extracted. ANCOVA models were performed to compare BD patients and HC values of regional grey matter volume and diffusion metrics. Global brain measures were also compared. Bivariate Pearson correlations were explored between significant brain results and five cognitive domains. RESULTS Euthymic BD patients showed higher ventricular volume (F(1, 46) = 6.04; p = 0.018) and regional grey matter volumes in the left fusiform (F(1, 46) = 15.03; pFDR = 0.015) and bilateral parahippocampal gyri compared to HC (L: F(1, 46) = 12.79, pFDR = 0.025/ R: F(1, 46) = 15.25, pFDR = 0.015). Higher grey matter volumes were correlated with greater executive function (r = 0.53, p = 0.008). LIMITATIONS We evaluated a modest sample size with concurrent pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSIONS Higher medial temporal volumes in euthymic BD patients may be a potential signature of brain resilience and cognitive adaptation to a putative illness neuroprogression. This knowledge should be integrated into further efforts to implement imaging into BD clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porta-Casteràs
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vicent-Gil
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Serra-Blasco
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Programa eHealth ICOnnecta't, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Navarra-Ventura
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma (Mallorca), Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital (HUSE), Palma (Mallorca), Spain; CIBERES, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Solé
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Montejo
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Aran
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V De la Peña-Arteaga
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Palao
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Cano
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Cano M, Zachmeyer M, Salinas LA, Ferguson KM. Racial/ethnic inequality in homelessness and drug overdose deaths in US States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02667-5. [PMID: 38597978 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether state-level racial disproportionality in homelessness is associated with racial disproportionality in overdose mortality. METHODS Counts of individuals experiencing homelessness (2015-2017; by state and racial/ethnic group) were obtained from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development; population estimates and counts of drug overdose deaths (2018-2021; by state and racial/ethnic group) were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Homelessness and overdose mortality disproportionality scores were calculated to indicate the extent to which each racial group was over- or under- represented among those experiencing homelessness, or among overdose deaths, respectively (relative to each racial group's proportional share in the general population). For each racial group examined, ordinary least squares regression models with robust standard errors (SEs) examined associations between state-level disproportionality in homelessness and disproportionality in overdose mortality, adjusting for percent aged 18-64 and US Census Region, as well as disproportionality in educational attainment and unemployment. RESULTS State-level racial disproportionality in homelessness was significantly and positively associated with racial disproportionality in overdose mortality for Black (b = 0.16 [SE = 0.05]; p < .01), American Indian/Alaska Native (b = 0.71 [SE = 0.23]; p < .01), and Hispanic populations (b = 0.17 [SE = 0.05]; p < .01), in models adjusting for region and percent aged 18-64. The significant positive associations in these three populations persisted after adjusting for educational attainment disproportionality, yet the association was no longer significant in the Black population after adjusting for unemployment disproportionality. CONCLUSION States with the highest levels of racial/ethnic minority overrepresentation in homelessness generally also had relatively higher levels of racial/ethnic minority overrepresentation in overdose deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave Suite 863, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | | | - Luis A Salinas
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M Ferguson
- Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave Suite 863, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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3
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Cano M, Timmons P, Hooten M, Sweeney K, Oh S. A scoping review of law enforcement drug seizures and overdose mortality in the United States. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 124:104321. [PMID: 38211403 PMCID: PMC10942655 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leveraging law enforcement drug seizure data to better respond to the overdose crisis requires an understanding of available evidence and knowledge gaps regarding relationships between drug seizures and overdose mortality. OBJECTIVE This scoping review summarized peer-reviewed literature on associations between law enforcement drug seizures and drug-related mortality in the United States (US) in the era of illicitly-manufactured fentanyl, comparing study data sources, measures, methodologies, settings, and findings. METHODS We identified 388 non-duplicate records from three online databases searched on May 23, 2023. After title/abstract and full-text screening by two independent reviewers, 14 studies met the criteria for inclusion. The included studies tested the association between a measure related to law enforcement drug seizures and an overdose mortality outcome in the US and were published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, during or after 2013. RESULTS Four of 14 studies (29%) included data from the entire US, while the remaining studies focused on an individual state/city/county or a group of states/cities/counties. Synthetic opioid/fentanyl seizures represented the most frequently examined drug seizure category, and overdose deaths overall (involving any drugs) represented the most frequently examined outcome. Most studies used counts/rates of drug seizures, with fewer studies examining dosage/weight, drug combinations, the proportion of drug seizures involving a specific drug, or spatiotemporal distribution. The majority (86%) of studies reported at least one statistically significant positive association between a law enforcement drug seizure measure and an overdose mortality outcome, most consistently for fentanyl-related seizures. Results were relatively less consistent for seizures involving stimulants and other drugs. CONCLUSIONS Studies in this review provided consistent evidence that fentanyl-related seizure measures are positively associated with overdose mortality outcomes, despite the limitations inherent in drug seizure data, even in the absence of available information regarding seizure weight or dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, USA.
| | | | | | - Kaylin Sweeney
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, USA
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Abstract
Importance Xylazine is increasingly reported in street drugs and fatal overdoses in the US, yet state-level data are limited, hampering local public health responses. Objective To gather available state-level data on xylazine involvement in overdose deaths and in forensic drug reports. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of 2019 to 2022 data from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS), National Center for Health Statistics, and individual states' medical examiner or public health agency reports. Data were analyzed from August to October 2023. Exposure State. Main Outcomes and Measures Yearly xylazine-related overdose deaths per 100 000 residents; xylazine NFLIS drug reports, both per 100 000 residents and as a percentage of all NFLIS drug reports (from samples of drugs seized by law enforcement and analyzed by NFLIS-participating laboratories). Results A total of 63 state-years were included in analyses of mortality rates, while 204 state-years were included in analyses of NFLIS reports. According to the publicly available data compiled in this study, at least 43 states reported at least 1 xylazine-related overdose death from 2019 to 2022, yet yearly totals of xylazine-related deaths were available for only 21 states. Of states with data available, xylazine-involved overdose death rates were highest in Vermont (10.5 per 100 000 residents) and Connecticut (9.8 per 100 000 residents) in 2022. In 2019, 16 states had zero xylazine reports included in NFLIS reports; in 2022, only 2 states had zero xylazine reports and all but 3 states had recorded an increase in xylazine's representation in NFLIS reports. In 2022, xylazine represented 16.17% of all NFLIS reports in Delaware and between 5.95% and 7.00% of NFLIS reports in Connecticut, Maryland, District of Columbia, New Jersey, and Rhode Island, yet less than 1.0% of NFLIS reports in 35 different states. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of publicly available data on fatal overdoses and drugs analyzed by forensic laboratories, xylazine's reported presence in overdose deaths and forensic reports was concentrated in the eastern US yet extended across the country to encompass nearly all states. In spite of xylazine's geographic reach, yearly state-level numbers of xylazine-related overdose deaths were publicly available for less than half of all states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix
| | | | - Flavio Marsiglia
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, Arizona State University, Phoenix
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Maglalang DD, Hu Y, Baslock D, Daus JD, Cano M, Ahluwalia JS. Recency of Cannabis Vaping in Sexual Minorities in Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:136-142. [PMID: 37750356 PMCID: PMC10842009 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2262024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis vaping is increasing in the United States. Among populations at-risk are sexual minorities (SM) who are more likely to vape cannabis compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Cannabis vaping has been associated with negative health outcomes and concomitant use of other substances with increased risk with more recent use. OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between SM identification and recency of cannabis vaping (the last occasion that a participant used their vape device with cannabis) and number of puffs (the count of puffs that the participant took during their most recent use of their vape device with cannabis) using Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. RESULTS In a weighted sample of participants who reported ever vaping cannabis (N = 5,331), 15% identified as SM, about 60% vaped cannabis in the past 3 or more days, and the mean number of puffs was 2 (SE = 0.17). Using multinomial logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression, the results showed that compared to heterosexual adults who reported not recently vaping cannabis, SM had higher probabilities of vaping cannabis in the past 3 or more days, 1-2 days, and the day of interview. CONCLUSION SM individuals were more likely to recently vape cannabis, placing them at higher risk for respiratory diseases and use of other substances. Public health researchers and practitioners need to identify reasons for cannabis vaping in this population and implement targeted public health messaging to inform SM communities of the potential health effects of cannabis vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Dagar Maglalang
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Baslock
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Jeanelle Dyan Daus
- Department of Asian American Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Legoretta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Cano M, Timmons P, Hooten M, Sweeney K. Drug supply measures and drug overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl and stimulants. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2023; 9:100197. [PMID: 37965239 PMCID: PMC10641574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Illicitly-manufactured fentanyl and stimulants have replaced prescription opioids as the primary contributors to fatal overdoses in the United States (US), yet the street supply of these substances is challenging to quantify. Building on the foundation of prior research on law enforcement drug reports, the present study compares publicly available forensic laboratory drug report measures to identify which measures account for the most variation in drug overdose mortality between states, within states over time, and in various demographic groups. Methods Drug reports from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System and drug overdose mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were examined for all US states and the District of Columbia, 2013-2021 (459 state-years). State- and year- fixed effects models regressed drug overdose mortality rates (in the overall population and subpopulations by sex, age, and race/ethnicity) on various drug report measures, including rates per population and proportional shares of drug reports positive for fentanyl/fentanyl-related compounds, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and xylazine. Results For drug overdose death rates in the overall population and nearly all subpopulations examined by sex, race/ethnicity, and age, the model including all drug report proportional measures represented the best-performing model (as identified via the lowest Akaike Information Criterion and highest within R-squared value), followed by the model including only the fentanyl/fentanyl-related compounds proportion. Conclusions Findings support the utility of publicly available drug report composition measures, particularly the proportion of fentanyl/fentanyl-related compounds, as predictors of drug overdose mortality in the US and in various subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411N, Central Ave Suite 863, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | | | - Kaylin Sweeney
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA
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7
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Cano M, Mendoza N, Ignacio M, Rahman A, Daniulaityte R. Overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids: Racial/ethnic and educational disparities in the eastern and western US. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110955. [PMID: 37699286 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined racial/ethnic and educational disparities in US synthetic opioid overdose mortality East and West of the Mississippi River. METHODS Using restricted-access 2018-2021 mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and population estimates from the American Community Survey, age-standardized rate ratios (SRRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were used to compare rates of synthetic opioid mortality by race/ethnicity and educational attainment level in the regions East and West of the Mississippi River. RESULTS Racial/ethnic disparities in synthetic opioid mortality rates, relative to the Non-Hispanic (NH) White population, were observed in the NH Black (SRR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.5-1.6]) and NH American Indian/Alaska Native (SRR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.9-2.2]) populations in the West, and the Puerto Rican (SRR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.3-1.3]) and NH American Indian/Alaska Native (SRR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4-1.6]) populations in the East. Relative to those with a Bachelor's degree or higher: in the West, the synthetic opioid mortality rate was more than seven times as high for those with a high school diploma only (SRR 7.7 [95% CI, 7.4-8.0]), and in the East, approximately thirteen times as high for those with a high school diploma only (SRR, 13.0 [95% CI, 12.7-13.3]) or less than a high school diploma (SRR, 13.3 [95% CI, 13.0-13.7]). CONCLUSION Disparities in rates of synthetic opioid mortality differ in the eastern and western US, supporting tailored responses within each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Natasha Mendoza
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matt Ignacio
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Abir Rahman
- Cabell-Huntington Health Department, Huntington, WV, USA
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Cano M, Oh S. State-level homelessness and drug overdose mortality: Evidence from US panel data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110910. [PMID: 37535991 PMCID: PMC10530113 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although homelessness is a well-documented risk factor for drug overdose at the individual level, less is known about state-level homelessness and overdose mortality in the United States (US). METHODS This study used 2007-2020 panel data for all US states and the District of Columbia, from the following sources: US Department of Housing and Urban Development (homelessness data); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (drug overdose death counts, population estimates, and opioid prescribing rates); Bureau of Labor Statistics (unemployment rates); and the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (drug seizure data). Two-way (state and year) fixed effects models regressed log-transformed drug overdose mortality rates on homelessness prevalence, in nested models adding demographic composition and unemployment measures, as well as drug supply measures. Models were weighted by state population size, and standard errors (SEs) were clustered at the state level. RESULTS Homelessness prevalence was significantly and positively associated with rates of drug overdose mortality after adjusting for nationwide trends, time-invariant differences between states, demographic composition, and unemployment rates (b[SE]=0.98[0.36], p=0.009). The positive association between homelessness prevalence and overdose mortality was attenuated at higher levels of fentanyl availability (fentanyl involvement in drug seizures; interaction term b[SE]=-0.02[0.01], p=0.001). CONCLUSION The positive association between state-level homelessness and drug overdose mortality suggests that policies and programs to prevent and reduce homelessness represent fundamental elements of a comprehensive response to the US overdose crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sehun Oh
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Abstract
Xylazine is increasingly reported in street drugs and fatal overdoses in the United States (US), often in combination with synthetic opioids, yet state-level xylazine data are limited, hampering local public health responses. The present study analyzed 2018-2022 state-level data from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (xylazine-positive reports of seized drugs analyzed by forensic laboratories), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (population estimates, synthetic opioid overdose mortality rates), and individual states' medical examiner/public health agency reports (numbers of xylazine-involved overdose deaths). An ordinary least squares regression model predicted state-level synthetic opioid overdose mortality rates by xylazine seizure report rates, adjusting for US Census Region. In 2018, relatively low rates of xylazine seizure reports were observed, with 21 states reporting zero xylazine seizures. In 2022, only three states reported zero xylazine seizures, and the highest xylazine seizure report rates (per 100,000 residents) were observed in New Jersey (30.4), Rhode Island (22.7), Maryland (18.9), Virginia (15.5), New Hampshire (13.0), and Ohio (10.9). Data on 2019-2022 xylazine-involved overdose deaths were available for 21 states/DC (60 state-years), with the highest 2022 xylazine-involved overdose death rates (per 100,000 residents) in Vermont (10.5) and Connecticut (9.8). Finally, in 2021, at the state level, each additional reported xylazine seizure per 100,000 residents was associated with a 2% higher synthetic opioid overdose mortality rate (b=0.02, robust standard error=0.01; p=0.049). Overall, study results emphasize xylazine's increasing involvement in US law enforcement drug seizure reports and overdose deaths, primarily in the East, yet also extending across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, United States
| | | | - Flavio Marsiglia
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, United States
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, Arizona State University, United States
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10
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Walters SM, Kerr J, Cano M, Earnshaw V, Link B. Intersectional Stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Health Disparities: A case study of how drug use stigma intersecting with racism and xenophobia creates health inequities for Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs over time. Stigma Health 2023; 8:325-343. [PMID: 37744082 PMCID: PMC10516303 DOI: 10.1037/sah0000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence points to racial and ethnic disparities in drug-related deaths and health conditions. Informed by stigma, intersectionality, intersectional stigma, and fundamental cause theories, we aimed to explore whether intersectional stigma was a fundamental cause of health. We document key events and policies over time and find that when progress is made new mechanisms emerge that negatively affect health outcomes for Black and Hispanic persons. We then focus on intersectional stigma targeting Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs. We document that when a person, or group of people, occupy multiple stigmatized identities the processes of stigmatization and scapegoating are particularly persistent and pernicious since people and groups can be stigmatized and scapegoated on varying intersections. We propose that an intersectional stigma framework allows for a better understanding of observed patterns over time, thereby providing a better guide for policies and interventions designed to reduce disparities. As a framework, intersectional stigma aims to recognize that when different sources of stigma collide, a new set of circumstances is created for those who reside in the intersection. We conclude that intersectional stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities and provide policy recommendations aimed at dismantling intersectional stigma processes and mitigating the effects of intersectional stigmas to ultimately promote better health outcomes for Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Walters
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY
| | - Jelani Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Valerie Earnshaw
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Bruce Link
- Department of Sociology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
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Cano M, Oh S, Osborn P, Olowolaju SA, Sanchez A, Kim Y, Moreno AC. County-level predictors of US drug overdose mortality: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 242:109714. [PMID: 36463764 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review summarized published literature on county-level predictors of drug overdose mortality in the United States (US). METHODS Peer-reviewed studies and doctoral dissertations published in English between 1990 and July 19, 2022 were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EconLit. Eligible studies examined at least one county-level predictor of drug overdose mortality in US counties. Two reviewers independently completed screening, quality assessment (with an adapted National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool), and data extraction. Results were qualitatively summarized and grouped by predictor categories. RESULTS Of 56 studies included, 42.9% were subnational, and 53.6% were limited to opioid overdose. In multiple studies, measures related to opioid prescribing, illness/disability, economic distress, mining employment, incarceration, family distress, and single-parent families were positively associated with drug overdose mortality outcomes, while measures related to cannabis dispensaries, substance use treatment, social capital, and family households were negatively associated with drug overdose mortality outcomes. Both positive and negative associations were documented for smoking, uninsurance, healthcare professional shortage status, physicians per capita, unemployment, income, poverty, educational attainment, racial composition, and rurality. Findings within studies also differed by subpopulation (by race/ethnicity, gender, age, or rurality) and the type of drugs involved in overdose. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review provide relatively mixed evidence regarding many county-level predictors of overdose mortality, several of which also vary between subpopulations, supporting the importance of additional research to elucidate pathways through which the county context may shape risk of fatal overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, USA
| | | | | | - Armando Sanchez
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, USA; School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, USA
| | - Alberto Cano Moreno
- Department of Public Policy, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México
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Porta-Casteràs D, Cano M, Navarra-Ventura G, Serra-Blasco M, Vicent-Gil M, Solé B, Montejo L, Torrent C, Martinez-Aran A, Harrison BJ, Palao D, Vieta E, Cardoner N. Disrupted network switching in euthymic bipolar disorder: Working memory and self-referential paradigms. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:552-560. [PMID: 36202301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) frequently suffer from neurocognitive deficits that can persist during periods of clinical stability. Specifically, impairments in executive functioning such as working memory and in self-processing have been identified as the main components of the neurocognitive profile observed in euthymic BD patients. The study of the neurobiological correlates of these state-independent alterations may be a prerequisite to develop reliable biomarkers in BD. METHODS A sample of 27 euthymic BD patients and 25 healthy participants (HC) completed working memory and self-referential functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) tasks. Activation maps obtained for each group and contrast images (i.e., 2-back > 1-back/self > control) were used for comparisons between patients and HC. RESULTS Euthymic BD patients, in comparison to HC, showed a higher ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation during working memory, a result driven by the lack of deactivation in BD patients. In addition, euthymic BD patients displayed a greater dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during self-reference processing. LIMITATIONS Pharmacotherapy was described but not included as a confounder in our models. Sample size was modest. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a lack of deactivation in the anterior default mode network (aDMN) during a working memory task, a finding consistent with prior research in BD patients, but also a higher activation in frontal regions within the central executive network (CEN) during self-processing. These results suggest that an imbalance of neural network dynamics underlying external/internal oriented cognition (the CEN and the aDMN, respectively) may be one of the first reliable biomarkers in euthymic bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porta-Casteràs
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cano
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Navarra-Ventura
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Serra-Blasco
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Programa eHealth ICOnnecta't, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vicent-Gil
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Solé
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L Montejo
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Aran
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Palao
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Abadie R, Cano M, Habecker P, Gelpí-Acosta C. Correction: Substance use, injection risk behaviors, and fentanyl‑related overdose risk among a sample of PWID post‑Hurricane Maria. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:137. [PMID: 36476472 PMCID: PMC9730615 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Abadie
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Manuel Cano
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Arizona State University, Central Avenue 800, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Patrick Habecker
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Camila Gelpí-Acosta
- grid.212340.60000000122985718LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101 USA
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Kim Y, Cano M, Oh S, Betz M. County-Level Economic Changes and Drug Mortality in the United States: Evidence from the Great Recession. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16261. [PMID: 36498334 PMCID: PMC9737402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at examining whether county-level economic changes were associated with changes in county-level drug mortality rates since the Great Recession and whether the association is equally distributed across major sociodemographic subgroups. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (2004-2019), combined with census data, we conducted fixed effects analyses by including county-level economic changes as primary exposures and county-level drug-related mortality rates (per 100,000 people) from 2004-2007 (i.e., prior to the recession) to 2008-2011, 2012-2015, and 2016-2019 as an outcome variable based on 1833 counties. Our findings showed that drug mortality rates increased from 13.9 (2004-2007) to 16.0 (2008-2011), 18.0 (2012-2015), and 23.0 (2016-2019). Counties experiencing smaller median household income growth during and/or after the recession were associated with greater increase in drug mortality than counties experiencing larger median household income growth among the total population and all sociodemographic subgroups. Counties experiencing larger increases in unemployment rates and percentage of vacant housing units were associated with greater increase in drug mortality than counties experiencing smaller or no increase in unemployment rates and percentage of vacant housing units among certain sociodemographic subgroups. Findings suggest the importance of local economic contexts in understanding drug mortality risk since the recession. Drug overdose prevention polices need to be formulated by taking local economic changes following a major recession into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Betz
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Portillo E, Gallego Fernández LM, Cano M, Alonso-Fariñas B, Navarrete B. Techno-Economic Comparison of Integration Options for an Oxygen Transport Membrane Unit into a Coal Oxy-Fired Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1224. [PMID: 36557130 PMCID: PMC9788216 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of membrane-based oxygen-fired combustion in power plants is considered an emerging technology that could reduce carbon emissions in a more efficient way than cryogenic oxygen-fired processes. In this paper, a techno-economic assessment was developed for a 863 MWel,net power plant to demonstrate whether this CCS technique results in a reduction in efficiency losses and economic demand. Four configurations based on oxygen transport membranes were considered, while the benchmark cases were the air combustion process without CO2 capture and a cryogenic oxygen-fired process. The type of driving force through the membrane (3-end or 4-end), the point of integration into the oxy-fuel combustion process, the heating system, and the pollutant control system were aspects considered in this work. In comparison, the efficiency losses for membrane-based alternatives were lower than those in the cryogenic oxygen-fired process, reaching savings of up to 14% net efficiency. Regarding the specific energy consumption for CO2 capture, the configuration based on the oxygen transport membrane unit with 4-end mode and hot filtration presented 1.01 kWel,net,·h/kgCO2 captured with 100% CO2 recovery, which is an improvement of 11% compared with the cases using cryogenic oxygen. Comparing economic aspects, the specific investment costs for cases based on the oxygen transport membrane unit varied between 2520 and 2942 $/kWel,net·h. This was between 39.6 and 48.2% above the investment for the reference case without carbon capture. However, its hypothetical implantation could suppose a savings of 10.7% in terms of investment cost compared with cryogenic oxygen-based case. In terms of the levelized cost of electricity and the cost of CO2 avoidance, the oxygen transport membrane configurations achieved more favorable results compared with the cryogenic route, reaching savings up to 14 and 38%, respectively. Although oxygen transport membrane units are currently not mature for commercial-scale applications, the results indicated that its application within carbon capture and storage technologies can be strongly competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Portillo
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (B.A.-F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +34-954-481-397 (E.P.); +34-954-487-271 (B.A.-F.); +34-954-487-280 (B.N.)
| | | | | | - B. Alonso-Fariñas
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (B.A.-F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +34-954-481-397 (E.P.); +34-954-487-271 (B.A.-F.); +34-954-487-280 (B.N.)
| | - B. Navarrete
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (B.A.-F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +34-954-481-397 (E.P.); +34-954-487-271 (B.A.-F.); +34-954-487-280 (B.N.)
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16
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Abadie R, Cano M, Habecker P, Gelpí-Acosta C. Substance use, injection risk behaviors, and fentanyl-related overdose risk among a sample of PWID post-Hurricane Maria. Harm Reduct J 2022; 19:129. [PMID: 36424666 PMCID: PMC9694860 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-022-00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While natural disasters like hurricanes are increasingly common, their long-term effects on people who inject drugs are not well understood. Although brief in duration, natural disasters can radically transform risk environments, increasing substance use and drug-related harms. METHODS Based on a study of people who inject drugs (PWID) and injection risk behaviors in rural Puerto Rico, the present study uses data from two different phases of the parent study. Data for 110 participants were collected from December 2015 to January 2017, soon before Hurricane Maria landed in September 2017; the 2019 phase, in the aftermath of the hurricane, included a total of 103 participants. The present study's main analyses used data from 66 PWID who participated in both the pre-Maria and post-Maria interviews (66 individuals measured at two time points, for a total of 132 observations), using mixed-effects binomial logistic regression to examine recent overdose experiences pre- and post-Maria. A separate descriptive analysis included all 103 participants from the 2019 interview. RESULTS After Hurricane Maria, some declines in injection frequency were observed (the percentage of people reporting injecting monthly or less increased from 3.0% before Hurricane Maria to 22.7% after Hurricane Maria). However, fewer PWID reported using a new needle for most or all injections. In the pre-Maria interview, 10.6% of participants indicated they had experienced an overdose during the year of the interview and/or the calendar year prior, and this figure increased to 24.2% in the post-Maria interview. In the regression analysis, the odds of reporting an overdose during the interview year and/or calendar year prior were three times as high post-Maria, relative to pre-Maria (odds ratio 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.06-9.97). CONCLUSION Substance use patterns, injection risk behaviors, and overdose episodes and deaths differed after Hurricane Maria, relative to before the hurricane, yet it is unclear to what extent these changes also reflect the simultaneous arrival of fentanyl. In preparation for future natural disasters, it is imperative to strengthen the health infrastructure by enhancing access and curbing barriers to syringe services programs and medications for opioid use disorder, particularly in rural or underserved locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Abadie
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Manuel Cano
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Arizona State University, Central Avenue 800, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Patrick Habecker
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Camila Gelpí-Acosta
- grid.212340.60000000122985718LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101 USA
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Park D, Oh S, Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Trends and distinct profiles of persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2015-2019. Prev Med 2022; 164:107289. [PMID: 36209817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug injection represents a major health problem in the US, with severe health consequences including the transmission of blood-borne infections. An examination of the most recent trends in drug injection is warranted by the fast-evolving drug epidemic and recent policy changes such as the federal funding ban on needle exchange programs. This research examines current drug injection trends, patterns, and socioeconomic and behavioral profiles of people who inject drugs (PWID). Data were derived from the 2002 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). After examining the annual prevalence of drug injection since 2002, a latent class analysis was conducted to identify drug injection and other substance misuse patterns among PWID using the latest (2015-2019) NSDUH datasets. Associations between class membership and behavioral health comorbidities and treatment receipt were also assessed. The drug injection prevalence among US adults aged 18-64 increased from 0.21% in 2002/2004 to 0.36% in 2017/2019. Three distinctive groups were identified: the heroin injection group (45.2%), the methamphetamine injection group (28.0%), and the multi-drug injection group (26.8%). The methamphetamine injection group reported greater risks of experiencing serious psychological distress, suicidality, and limited substance use treatment. Special attention is needed for those who primarily injected methamphetamine. Programs to promote harm reduction and increase access to addiction treatment need to be expanded in at-risk communities while accounting for their distinct socioeconomic and drug use/misuse profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejun Park
- Department of Social Work, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States..
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
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Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Oh S, Noel L, Hernandez D, Vaughn MG. Socioeconomic inequalities and Black/White disparities in US cocaine-involved overdose mortality risk. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2023-2035. [PMID: 35249125 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether socioeconomic inequalities account for Black/White disparities in: (a) the prevalence of potential risk factors for overdose among adults using cocaine; and (b) national mortality rates for cocaine-involved overdose. METHODS Data from 2162 Non-Hispanic (NH) Black or White adults (26 +) who reported past-year cocaine use in the 2015-2019 National Survey of Drug Use and Health were analyzed to obtain predicted probabilities of potential overdose risk factors by race and sex, using marginal effects via regression analyses, adjusting for age and socioeconomic indicators. Next, National Center for Health Statistics data (for 47,184 NH Black or White adults [26 +] who died of cocaine-involved overdose between 2015 and 2019) were used to calculate cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates by race and sex across age and educational levels. RESULTS Several potential overdose vulnerabilities were disproportionately observed among NH Black adults who reported past-year cocaine use: poor/fair overall health; cocaine use disorder; more days of cocaine use yearly; hypertension (for women); and arrests (for men). Adjusting for age and socioeconomic indicators attenuated or eliminated many of these racial differences, although predicted days of cocaine use per year (for men) and cocaine use disorder (for women) remained higher in NH Black than White adults. Cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates were highest in the lowest educational strata of both races; nonetheless, Black/White disparities were observed even at the highest level of education, especially for adults ages 50 + . CONCLUSION Age and socioeconomic characteristics may account for some, yet not all, of Black/White disparities in vulnerability to cocaine-involved overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Christopher P Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1947 College Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lailea Noel
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dora Hernandez
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, St. Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
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Goings TC, Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Mendez Campos B, Vaughn MG. Prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of stimulants: Evidence from a national sample. Addict Behav 2022; 132:107364. [PMID: 35653963 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several million Americans use illicit stimulants every month and national data suggest stimulant use is increasing. However, little evidence exists that examines the prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of stimulants (DUIS). The present study aimed to provide new evidence on the prevalence of DUIS in the U.S. adult population. METHODS This study examined data from 170,944 adults 18 and older in the 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Using Stata and R, we estimated the prevalence and key correlates of DUIS among adults in the United States. RESULTS The overall prevalence of DUIS was 0.7% among adults in general and 28.3% among past-year stimulant users. Among the full adult sample, the prevalence of DUI cocaine was 0.5% and the prevalence of DUI methamphetamine was 0.3%. More than one in five (21.6%) adults with past year cocaine use reported DUI of cocaine, while nearly one half (47.2%) of adults with past year methamphetamine use reported DUI of methamphetamine. There is also a substantially higher likelihood of driving under the influence of stimulants among individuals reporting early onset of use and among those meeting criteria for cocaine/methamphetamine use disorders. Among adults who used cocaine/methamphetamine, those who reported driving under the influence of stimulants were more than 2 times more likely to experience a depressive episode or psychological distress. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that prevention/treatment approaches focused on multiple substances as well as mental health needs may be most appropriate for addressing the challenge of DUIS.
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Gelpí-Acosta C, Cano M, Hagan H. Racial and ethnic data justice: The urgency of surveillance data disaggregation. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2022; 4:100082. [PMID: 36712292 PMCID: PMC9881686 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disease and overdose surveillance across industrialized countries, including the United States (US), have historically relied upon racial and ethnic classifications such as Non-Hispanic Black, White, Asian and Hispanic/Latinx to characterize the populations it describes. These categories underestimate significant HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and drug overdose variance within these groups, by both place of birth and ethnicity. For socioeconomically disadvantaged people of color in the US, frontline workers (i.e., harm reduction outreach workers, case managers, etc.) are a medullar entry point to the HIV, HCV, and drug misuse care continuums. Racial/ethnic data aggregates fail to characterize vulnerable groups in ways that can increase these workers’ efficacy. HIV, HCV, and overdose data disaggregation is urgent to end HIV and to control HCV and drug overdoses more effectively, and to also move closer to an anti-racist epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Gelpí-Acosta
- LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Holly Hagan
- School of Global Public Health, Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, NYU, USA
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Cano M, Zhou D, Kreisel D, Chen C, Pugh K, Byers D, Hachem R, Gelman A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alloimmunity in Accelerated Bronchiolitis Obliterans After Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hai AH, Cano MÁ, Oh S, Piñeros-Leaño M, Vaughn MG. Alcohol abstinence and binge drinking: the intersections of language and gender among Hispanic adults in a national sample, 2002-2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:727-736. [PMID: 34374827 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research examining alcohol use using national data has often overlooked vital heterogeneity among Hispanics, especially that related to language dominance and gender. We examine the prevalence of alcohol abstinence and-given prior research suggesting that many Spanish dominant Hispanics do not drink-examine rates of binge drinking among past-year alcohol users with a focus on the intersections of language and gender among Hispanics, while drawing comparisons with non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black adults. METHODS Drawing from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health-a nationally representative survey between 2002 and 2018-we examine the year-by-year prevalence of alcohol abstinence and binge drinking among adults ages 18 and older in the United States. RESULTS A disproportionate number of Spanish-dominant Hispanics abstain from alcohol use (54%), with particularly high levels of alcohol abstinence observed among Spanish dominant women (men: 39%, women: 67%). The prevalence of alcohol abstinence among English-dominant Hispanic men (24%) and women (32%) is far lower, approximating that of NH Whites (men: 23%, women: 32%). Importantly, however, among Spanish-dominant drinkers, the prevalence of binge drinking (men: 52%, women: 33%) is comparable to or greater than NH Whites (men: 42%, women: 32%). Binge drinking levels among English-dominant Hispanic men (50%) and women (37%) are greater than among their NH White counterparts. CONCLUSION Findings paint a complex picture; consistent with prior research, we see that many Hispanics abstain from alcohol, but we also see new evidence underscoring that-among Hispanic drinkers-the prevalence of binge drinking is disconcertingly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - María Piñeros-Leaño
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Garbus P, González-Forteza C, Cano M, Jiménez A, Juárez-Loya A, Wagner FA. Suicidal behavior in Mexican adolescents: A test of a latent class model using two independent probability samples. Prev Med 2022; 157:106984. [PMID: 35176327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a serious health issue that affects the adolescent population and that may be prevented through evidence-based approaches. There are many risk factors involved in suicidal behavior, but there are few studies encompassing the complex relationships between them. This study tested the similarity between two latent class models from two different epidemiological samples of middle-school students and evaluated if the multinomial regression model replicated the associations between the classes and the psychosocial variables. Data of 4013 adolescents from the Mexican states of Campeche and Querétaro were included in LCA to characterize suicide behavior and associated factors. The most likely latent class membership was used as the outcome in multinomial regression models. The model with data from Querétaro was consistent with the previous LC model from Campeche. The four latent classes were nearly identical for both populations and can be defined as follows: 1) "No Problems," included 73% of the adolescents; 2) "Drug Use Only," comprised 7% of the adolescents; 3) "Suicidal Behavior, No Depression," captured 8% of the adolescents (25% reported binge drinking in the past month, 50% self-inflicted injuries, and 43% low-lethality suicide attempt); 4) "Depression and Suicidal Behavior," comprised 12% of the sample (66% met criteria for Major Depressive Episode, 28% reported binge drinking in the past month, and 11% had a high-lethality suicide attempt). The congruence between the models and the consistency with identified factors highlight the need for appropriate and effective prevention strategies to minimize risk factors and reinforce protective factors in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Garbus
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Catalina González-Forteza
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research Branch, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research Branch, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Juárez-Loya
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Fernando A Wagner
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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Cano M, Sparks CS. Drug overdose mortality by race/ethnicity across US-born and immigrant populations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109309. [PMID: 35077954 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined racial/ethnic differences in US drug overdose mortality among US-born and foreign-born men and women. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis of 2010-2019 data from the National Center for Health Statistics, Bayesian hierarchical models predicted drug overdose mortality based on the interaction of race/ethnicity, nativity, and sex, adjusting for age, for 518,553 drug overdose deaths among individuals ages 15-74 identified as Non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, Hispanic, or NH Asian/Pacific Islander (PI). Rate ratios with 95% Highest Posterior Density Intervals (HPDIs) were examined by race/ethnicity and nativity. RESULTS In the US-born population, 2017-2019 estimated overdose mortality rates were higher for NH Black than NH White men (ratio 1.48 [95% HPDI 1.28-1.72]), similar between NH Black and NH White women (ratio 1.03 [95% HPDI 0.89-1.20]), similar between Hispanic and NH White men (ratio 0.96 [95% HPDI 0.82-1.10]), and lower for NH Asian/PI than NH White men and women. In the foreign-born population, both for men and women, estimated overdose mortality rates were lower in every racial/ethnic group relative to the NH White group. For men and women of all racial/ethnic groups examined, estimated overdose mortality rates were higher in US-born than foreign-born subpopulations, yet the extent of this nativity differential was least pronounced in the NH White group. CONCLUSIONS In the US-born population, NH Black men experienced the highest recent rates of overdose mortality; in the foreign-born population, the highest rates of overdose mortality were observed among NH White men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
| | - Corey S Sparks
- Department of Demography, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Cano M, Agan A, Bandoian L, Larochelle L. Individual and County-Level Disparities in Drug and Opioid Overdose Mortality for Hispanic Men in Massachusetts and the Northeast United States. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1131-1143. [PMID: 35459423 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2064507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify individual- and county-level inequalities that may underlie disparities in drug overdose mortality for Hispanic men in Massachusetts and the broader Northeast region. METHODS The study first used data from the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System to compare the 635 Hispanic and 3593 Non-Hispanic (NH) White men who died of unintentional/undetermined opioid-related overdoses in Massachusetts in 2016-2018. Next, the study used 2015-2019 data from the Multiple Cause of Death online platform to: a) compare rates of drug overdose mortality in Hispanic versus NH White men in 54 counties in the Northeast United States; and b) examine associations with inequalities in poverty, educational attainment, unemployment, and uninsurance (from 2015-2019 American Community Survey data). RESULTS At the individual level, in Massachusetts, Hispanic and NH White men who died of opioid-related overdose differed in terms of educational attainment, birthplace, urbanicity, substance use disorder treatment history, and specific drugs involved in death. At the county level, in the Northeast region, each one-standard deviation increase in the ratio of the Hispanic to NH White poverty rate was associated with a 27% increase in the ratio of Hispanic to NH White male overdose mortality; each one-standard deviation increase in the ratio of the Hispanic to NH White unemployment rate was associated with a 43% increase in the ratio of Hispanic to NH White male overdose mortality. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of equitable interventions and efforts to address inequalities in social determinants of health for Hispanic populations in the Northeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Agan
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Bandoian
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Larochelle
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rahman A, Sánchez M, Bursac Z, Whiting CY, de Dios MA, Cano M, Meek R, Taskin T, Shawon MSR, Vazquez V, Koly KN, Ullrich HS, Cano MÁ. Ethnic discrimination and psychological stress among Hispanic emerging adults: Examining the moderating effects of distress tolerance and optimism. Int J Intercult Relat 2022; 86:217-226. [PMID: 36212111 PMCID: PMC9540438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic emerging adults are often exposed to ethnic discrimination, yet little is known about coping resources that may mitigate the effects of ethnic discrimination on psychological stress in this rapidly growing population. As such, this study aims to examine (1) the associations of ethnic discrimination, distress tolerance, and optimism with psychological stress and (2) the moderating effects of distress tolerance and optimism on the association between ethnic discrimination and psychological stress. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional study of 200 Hispanic adults ages 18-25, recruited from two urban counties in Arizona and Florida. Hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses were utilized to examine these associations and moderated effects. Findings indicated that higher optimism was associated with lower psychological stress. Conversely, higher ethnic discrimination was associated with higher psychological stress. Moderation analyses indicated that both distress tolerance and optimism moderated the association between ethnic discrimination and psychological stress. These study findings add to the limited literature on ethnic discrimination among Hispanic emerging adults and suggest that distress tolerance may be a key intrapersonal factor that can protect Hispanic emerging adults against the psychological stress often resulting from ethnic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Rahman
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
- Cabell-Huntington Health Department, USA
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Zoran Bursac
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Robert Meek
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Tanjila Taskin
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | | | - Vicky Vazquez
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Helen Sanchez Ullrich
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hodges J, Oh S, Hai AH, Vaughn MG. Driving while under the influence of hallucinogens: Prevalence, correlates, and risk profiles. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109055. [PMID: 34688107 PMCID: PMC8595810 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallucinogen use is rising in the US, yet little is known regarding the prevalence and psychosocial/behavioral correlates of driving under the influence of these drugs. METHODS This study examined data from 4447 individuals ages 16-64 who reported past-year hallucinogen use in the 2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Prevalence estimates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for driving under the influence of hallucinogens (DUIH). Logistic regression examined psychosocial/behavioral correlates of DUIH, and latent class analysis (LCA) characterized subgroups of individuals reporting DUIH. RESULTS The prevalence of past-year hallucinogen use was 2.42% (CI = 2.30-2.54) and, in the general population, the prevalence of DUIH was 0.21%. Among past-year hallucinogen users, 8.94% (CI = 7.74-10.31) reported DUIH on at least one occasion over the previous 12 months. The probability of DUIH increased significantly with more frequent use. Compared to individuals who used hallucinogens and did not report DUIH, individuals reporting DUIH were significantly more likely to report mental health problems; use of other illicit drugs; selling drugs; a past-year arrest; or driving under the influence of alcohol, cannabis, or other illicit drugs. LCA identified three classes of individuals reporting DUIH, characterized by: use of and driving under the influence of cannabis; use of and driving under the influence of cannabis and other illicit drugs; and mental health concerns. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in ten individuals who report using hallucinogens also report driving under the influence of hallucinogens-drugs that affect perception and risk-taking, with alarming implications for driving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,United States
| | - James Hodges
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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28
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Cano M, Reina TR, Portillo E, Gallego Fernández LM, Navarrete B. Characterization of emissions of condensable particulate matter under real operation conditions in cement clinker kilns using complementary experimental techniques. Sci Total Environ 2021; 786:147472. [PMID: 33975119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the emission of particles from clinker kiln stacks has been one of the main environmental concerns in cement manufacturing processes. Up to now, environmental regulations have only focused on determining and controlling filterable particulate matter (FPM) in industrial emission sources. However, in recent years a growing interest in determining and analysing condensable particulate matter (CPM) has been evidenced due to the significant and established contribution of CPM to total emissions of particulate matter (PM). In this work, total PM (FPM + CPM) emissions from a clinker kiln in a cement manufacturing process have been characterized. A series of tests were performed to simultaneously collect FPM and CPM using a sampling train patented by University of Seville. The results showed very low level of emissions compared to regulatory limits. The average FPM and CPM concentrations obtained in the kiln were in the same order of magnitude, at 3.4 mg/Nm3 and 2.8 mg/Nm3, respectively. The CPM analysed was predominantly inorganic and represented 46% of total PM emissions. In addition, a microscopic morphological analysis was carried out on the samples and confirmed the presence of CPM with a size of less than 2 μm, as well as establishing the principal constituent elements of the same. The main element components were Al, Ca, Fe, Si, C and O. Compounds such as CaCO3, alite, ferrite and dolomite were detected with analytical characterization techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD), providing a better understanding of the sources of contamination within CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cano
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - T R Reina
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - E Portillo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luz M Gallego Fernández
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Navarrete
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Seville, C/Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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29
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Ramos-Terrón S, Alba-Molina D, Varo MÁ, Cano M, Giner-Casares JJ, de Miguel G. Surface energy transfer in hybrid halide perovskite/plasmonic Au nanoparticle composites. Nanoscale 2021; 13:14221-14227. [PMID: 34477704 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) into the multilayered architecture of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been a recurrent strategy to enhance the performance of photovoltaic devices from the early development of this technology. However, the specific photophysical interactions between the metal NPs and the hybrid halide perovskites are still not completely understood. Herein, we investigate the influence of Au NPs on the photoluminescence (PL) signal of a thin layer of the CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite. Core-shell Au@SiO2 NPs with a tunable thickness of the SiO2 shell were used to adjust the interaction distance between the plasmonic NPs and the perovskite layer. Complete quenching of the PL signal in the presence of the Au NPs is measured together with the gradual recovery of the PL intensity at a thicker thickness of the SiO2 shell. A nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) model is employed to reasonably fit the experimental quenching efficiency. Thus, the energy transfer deactivation is revealed as a detrimental process occurring in the PSCs since it funnels the photon energy into the non-active excited state of the Au NPs. This work indicates that tuning the distance between the plasmonic NPs and the perovskite materials by a silica shell may be a simple and straightforward strategy for further improving the efficiency of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramos-Terrón
- Departamento de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica, IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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30
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Cano M, Perez Portillo AG, Figuereo V, Rahman A, Reyes-Martínez J, Rosales R, Ángel Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Takeuchi DT. Experiences of Ethnic Discrimination Among US Hispanics: Intersections of Language, Heritage, and Discrimination Setting. Int J Intercult Relat 2021; 84:233-250. [PMID: 34840361 PMCID: PMC8622792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informed by Latino Critical Race Theory, the present study examined how intersections between English use/proficiency, Spanish use/proficiency, and heritage group shape the varying experiences of ethnic discrimination reported by US Hispanic adults. METHODS The study utilized data from 7,037 Hispanic adults from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Multivariable binomial logistic regression modeled language use/proficiency, heritage, and demographic characteristics as predictors of past-year self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination, overall and in six different settings. RESULTS Both English and Spanish use/proficiency were positively associated with increased adjusted odds of reporting ethnic discrimination overall, in public, or with respect to employment/education/ housing/courts/police; however, with respect to being called a racist name or receiving verbal/physical threats/assaults, a positive association was observed for English, yet not Spanish. Results also indicated a significant interaction between English use/proficiency and Spanish use/proficiency when predicting past-year ethnic discrimination overall or for any of the six types/settings examined, although the relationship between language use/proficiency and ethnic discrimination varied by Hispanic heritage group. CONCLUSION Study findings emphasize that experiencing some form of ethnic discrimination is relatively common among US Hispanic adults, yet the prevalence and types or settings of ethnic discrimination vary widely on the basis of demographics, immigrant generation, heritage, and the interplay between English and Spanish use/proficiency.
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Linker KE, Gad M, Tawadrous P, Cano M, Green KN, Wood MA, Leslie FM. Author Correction: Microglial activation increases cocaine self-administration following adolescent nicotine exposure. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4120. [PMID: 34188045 PMCID: PMC8241824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K E Linker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - M Gad
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P Tawadrous
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Cano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - K N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F M Leslie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Cano M, Gelpí-Acosta C. Risk of Drug Overdose Mortality for Island-Born and US-Born Puerto Ricans, 2013-2019. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1403-1414. [PMID: 34081305 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the United States (US), individuals of Puerto Rican heritage die of drug overdoses at higher rates than other Hispanic groups or non-Hispanic Whites; yet, little is known about the extent to which drug overdose mortality affects island-born, versus US-born, Puerto Ricans. The distinction between Puerto Rican-born and US-born provides a starting point for culturally tailored services and interventions, as place of birth often informs language preferences and cultural identifications. Therefore, this study analyzed 2013-2019 death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics for 415,111 US deaths attributed to drug overdose. Drug overdose deaths were compared for island-born Puerto Ricans (N=3516), US-born Puerto Ricans (N=4949), and individuals not of Puerto Rican heritage (N=406,646). Drug overdose mortality rates, including age-specific and directly age-standardized rates, were calculated for each subgroup using population estimates from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Results indicated that age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates over the period of 2013-2019 were significantly higher for island-born than US-born Puerto Rican men (46.8 versus 34.6, per 100,000), with rates in both groups significantly higher than for men not of Puerto Rican heritage (24.0 per 100,000). For women, in contrast, drug overdose mortality rates were lower for island-born than US-born Puerto Ricans (8.6 versus 11.1, per 100,000). Within stateside Puerto Rican communities, island-born men experience a disproportionate burden of drug overdose mortality, necessitating targeted, culturally appropriate interventions built around the specific norms, circumstances, and lived experiences shared by Puerto Rican migrants who use drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd, San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Camila Gelpí-Acosta
- LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hai AH, Oh S, Vaughn MG. Prevalence and Correlates of Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:e251-e260. [PMID: 33726992 PMCID: PMC8154651 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As cannabis use rises among adults in the U.S., driving under the influence of cannabis represents a public health concern. METHODS In 2020, public-use data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were examined, using an analytic sample of 128,205 adults interviewed between 2016 and 2018. The annual prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis was computed overall, by state, by demographic group, and among cannabis users. Demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates of driving under the influence were tested by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The self-reported annual prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis was 4.5% (95% CI=4.3, 4.6) among U.S. adults, ranging from 3.0% (Texas) to 8.4% (Oregon) in individual U.S. states. Among cannabis users, 29.5% (95% CI=28.6, 30.3) reported driving under the influence of cannabis; the predicted probabilities of driving under the influence of cannabis were highest for those with more frequent use, with daily cannabis users evidencing a 57% predicted probability. Among individuals with symptoms suggestive of a cannabis use disorder, the prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis was 63.8% (95% CI=60.8, 66.6). Among cannabis users, those reporting driving under the influence of cannabis had higher odds of driving under the influence of other illicit substances, using other illicit drugs, taking part in illegal behavior, and suffering from mental distress, after adjusting for demographic characteristics and psychosocial/behavioral correlates. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that prevention efforts should focus on frequent and problem cannabis users and should include content related to other illicit drug use and other drug-impaired driving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Hermosillo-de-la-Torre AE, Arteaga-de-Luna SM, Acevedo-Rojas DL, Juárez-Loya A, Jiménez-Tapia JA, Pedroza-Cabrera FJ, González-Forteza C, Cano M, Wagner FA. Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents under Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18094977. [PMID: 34067094 PMCID: PMC8124170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide and suicidal behaviors were already a global public health problem, producing preventable injuries and deaths. This issue may worsen due to the COVID-19 pandemic and may differentially affect vulnerable groups in the population, including children, adolescents, and young adults. The current study evaluated the association of affective variables (depression, hopelessness, and anxiety), drug use (alcohol, tobacco, and others), emotional intelligence, and attachment with suicidal behaviors. Methods: A state-wide survey included 8033 students (51% female, 49% male; mean age of 16 years) from science and technology high-schools using a standardized questionnaire that was distributed online. Multinomial logistic regression models tested associations between suicidal behaviors and several covariates. The analyses accommodated the complex structure of the sample. Results: Approximately 21% of all students reported a suicidal behavior (11% with a low-lethality suicide attempt, 6% with self-injuries, and 4% with a high-lethality suicide attempt). Variables associated with higher odds of suicidal behavior included: female sex, depression, hopelessness, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use, childhood trauma, and having to self-rely as issues affecting attachment, and low self-esteem. Security of attachment was associated with lower odds of suicidal behavior. Conclusions: The complexity of suicidal behavior makes it clear that comprehensive programs need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Edith Hermosillo-de-la-Torre
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Stephania Montserrat Arteaga-de-Luna
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Denise Liliana Acevedo-Rojas
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Angélica Juárez-Loya
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - José Alberto Jiménez-Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría [National Institute of Psychiatry], Tlalpan 14370, Mexico; (J.A.J.-T.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Francisco Javier Pedroza-Cabrera
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Catalina González-Forteza
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría [National Institute of Psychiatry], Tlalpan 14370, Mexico; (J.A.J.-T.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA;
| | - Fernando A. Wagner
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +410-706-5696
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Rao S, Woo B, Maglalang DD, Bartholomew M, Cano M, Harris A, Tucker TB. Race and Ethnicity in the Social Work Grand Challenges. Soc Work 2021; 66:9-17. [PMID: 33523185 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Race, ethnicity, and racism (RER) are interconnected with the critical problems tackled in the Grand Challenges for Social Work (GCSW). Yet, the extent to which the GCSW discuss the central role of RER is less clear. This article investigates how the GCSW integrate RER in their discourse. Using content analysis, authors examined all 21 concept papers that comprise the 12 initial GCSW to determine their attention to RER. Authors assessed whether each paper made any reference to race or ethnicity, whether race or ethnicity was considered as a primary theme, and whether racism was mentioned. Nine GCSW had at least one paper that mentioned race or ethnicity; seven had at least one paper that treated race and ethnicity as a major construct. Five GCSW contained at least one paper that discussed racism's impacts on their topical interests. None of the papers analyzed in the study defined or specified their conceptualization of racism. The GCSW are strategically positioned to widen and deepen social work's focus on RER, and the recent adoption of the 13th GCSW to "Eliminate racism" is an important first step. Authors encourage the social work field to embrace a more explicit, renewed, and continued commitment to eradicating systemic racism.
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Cano M, Huang Y. Overdose deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential, excluding cocaine: State-level differences and the role of opioids. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108384. [PMID: 33158665 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the course of the past decade, psychostimulants such as methamphetamines have been increasingly reported in overdose deaths in the United States (US). Methamphetamine use has recently risen among individuals who use opioids, yet it is unclear what role the opioid crisis has played in the increase in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality in states across the US. METHODS Mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to examine recent state-level changes in overdose deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential, excluding cocaine. Psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality rates, changes in rates, and opioid co-involvement were compared by state and plotted on choropleth maps. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were used to test the associations between a state's psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality rate change and several state-level indicators related to the opioid crisis. RESULTS From 2015/2016-2017/2018, significant increases in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality rates were observed in 42 of 47 states with data available. Each of the three state-level indicators examined in the study (opioid prescribing rate in 2012, past-year prevalence of opioid use disorder from 2015-2018, and increase in drug overdose mortality during the earliest stages of the opioid crisis from 1999-2012) was positively associated with the absolute rate change in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality from 2015/2016-2017/2018. CONCLUSIONS Although deaths involving methamphetamine have historically been primarily concentrated in the western US, results of the study reflect the alarming increase in psychostimulant-involved overdose mortality across the nation, especially in some of the states heavily impacted by the opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, 301 South Frio Street, San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA
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Cano M, Giner-Casares JJ. Biomineralization at fluid interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 286:102313. [PMID: 33181402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization is of paramount importance for life on Earth. The delicate balance of physicochemical interactions at the interface between organic and inorganic matter during all stages of biomineralization resembles an extremely high complexity. The coordination of this sophisticated biological machinery and physicochemical scenarios is certainly a wonderful show of nature. Understanding of the biomineralization processes is still far from complete. The recent advances in biomineralization research from the Colloid and Interface Science perspective are reviewed herein. The synergy between this two fields of research is demonstrated. The unique opportunities offered by purposefully designed fluid interfaces, mainly Langmuir monolayers are presented. Biomedical applications of biomineral-based nanostructures are discussed, showing their improved biocompatibility and on-demand delivery features. A brief guide to the array of state-of-the-art experimental techniques for unraveling the mechanisms of biomineralization using fluid interfaces is included. In summary, the fruitful and exciting crossroad between Colloid and Interface Science with Biomineralization is exhibited.
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Giménez M, Cano M, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Real E, Alonso P, Segalàs C, Munuera J, Kegeles LS, Weinstein JJ, Xu X, Menchón JM, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Fullana MA. Is glutamate associated with fear extinction and cognitive behavior therapy outcome in OCD? A pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:1003-1014. [PMID: 31432262 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention is a well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is based on the principles of fear extinction. Fear extinction is linked to structural and functional variability in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and has been consistently associated with glutamate neurotransmission. The relationship between vmPFC glutamate and fear extinction and its effects on CBT outcome have not yet been explored in adults with OCD. We assessed glutamate levels in the vmPFC using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fear extinction (learning and recall) using skin conductance responses during a 2-day experimental paradigm in OCD patients (n = 17) and in healthy controls (HC; n = 13). Obsessive-compulsive patients (n = 12) then received manualized CBT. Glutamate in the vmPFC was negatively associated with fear extinction recall and positively associated with CBT outcome (with higher glutamate levels predicting a better outcome) in OCD patients. Glutamate levels in the vmPFC in OCD patients were not significantly different from those in HC, and were not associated with OCD severity. Our results suggest that glutamate in the vmPFC is associated with fear extinction recall and CBT outcome in adult OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Real
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Munuera
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fundació de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L S Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA
| | - J J Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University, 622 W 168th St, New York, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, 10032, USA
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Depression and Anxiety Program, Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Parc Taulí 1, 08208, Sabadell, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Building B1, Ca n'Altayó, s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Fullana
- Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM, Av. de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, 08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínic-Institute of Neurosciences, CIBERSAM, C/Rosselló 140, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Fuster MG, Montalbán MG, Carissimi G, Lima B, Feresin GE, Cano M, Giner-Casares JJ, López-Cascales JJ, Enriz RD, Víllora G. Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan-Gold Nanoparticles and Computational Modeling of the Interaction between Chitosan and a Lipid Bilayer Model. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2340. [PMID: 33255714 PMCID: PMC7761461 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Their action consists mainly in the production of bacterial enzymes that inactivate antibiotics or the appearance of modifications that prevent the arrival of the drug at the target point or the alteration of the target point itself, becoming a growing problem for health systems. Chitosan-gold nanoparticles (Cs-AuNPs) have been shown as effective bactericidal materials avoiding damage to human cells. In this work, Cs-AuNPs were synthesized using chitosan as the reducing agent, and a systematic analysis of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the size and zeta potential of the Cs-AuNPs and their UV-vis spectra was carried out. We used a simulation model to characterize the interaction of chitosan with bacterial membranes, using a symmetric charged bilayer and two different chitosan models with different degrees of the chitosan amine protonation as a function of pH, with the aim to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism involving the cell wall disruption. The Cs-AuNP antibacterial activity was evaluated to check the simulation model.
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Grants
- CTQ2017-87708-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2017-83961-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2017-92264-EXP Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- RyC-2014-14956 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- PRE2018-086441 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- 20977/PI/18 Fundación Séneca
- CONICET-SECITI N°022 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Fuster
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.F.); (G.C.); (G.V.)
| | - M. G. Montalbán
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.F.); (G.C.); (G.V.)
| | - G. Carissimi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.F.); (G.C.); (G.V.)
| | - B. Lima
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina; (B.L.); (G.E.F.)
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), CABA, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - G. E. Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina; (B.L.); (G.E.F.)
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), CABA, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - M. Cano
- Departamento de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.C.); (J.J.G.-C.)
| | - J. J. Giner-Casares
- Departamento de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (M.C.); (J.J.G.-C.)
| | - J. J. López-Cascales
- Departamento Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Campus Alfonso XIII, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Aulario C, Cartagena, 30203 Murcia, Spain;
| | - R. D. Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis 5700, Argentina;
| | - G. Víllora
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.G.F.); (G.C.); (G.V.)
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Cano M. English use/proficiency, ethnic discrimination, and alcohol use disorder in Hispanic immigrants. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1345-1354. [PMID: 32055891 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acculturation-related measures, often based on language, have traditionally been identified as predictors of drinking outcomes for US Hispanics. However, a sole focus on acculturation may obscure the role of societal factors such as discrimination. The present study evaluated ethnic discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between English use/proficiency and alcohol use disorder in US Hispanic immigrants. METHODS The study examined data from the 2222 self-identified Hispanic immigrant adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III who reported alcohol use within the past year. The study utilized multivariable binomial logistic regression analyses to test relationships between English use/proficiency and perceived ethnic discrimination; English use/proficiency and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder; ethnic discrimination and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. Statistical mediation examined ethnic discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between English use/proficiency and alcohol use disorder. RESULTS Perceived ethnic discrimination was significantly associated with alcohol use disorder in men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.99; 95% CI [confidence interval], 1.40-2.83), yet not women (AOR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.71-2.44), in a regression model that also included English use/proficiency. Perceived ethnic discrimination also acted as a partial mediator between English use/proficiency and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder for male, yet not female, Hispanic immigrants. CONCLUSION Findings show some support for the notion that experiences of ethnic discrimination, which may accompany the process of acculturation, partially explain deteriorating drinking outcomes in Hispanic immigrant men adapting to life in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
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Cano M, Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Cocaine use and overdose mortality in the United States: Evidence from two national data sources, 2002-2018. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108148. [PMID: 32702620 PMCID: PMC7423708 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine-involved overdose mortality has recently risen in the United States (US), yet it is unclear to what extent patterns in cocaine-involved overdose mortality parallel patterns in cocaine use. This study: examined time trends (2002-2018) in past-year cocaine use and cocaine-involved overdose mortality in the US; and compared demographics and drug involvement of adults who reported past-year cocaine use versus adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose. METHODS Data from two sources were utilized: (1) the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 1,334 adults self-reporting cocaine use in 2018); and (2) the Multiple Cause of Death dataset of the National Center for Health Statistics (N = 14,630 adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose in 2018). The study examined prevalence of past-year cocaine use, mortality rates for cocaine-involved overdose, 2002-2018 trends, demographic characteristics, and involvement of other drugs. RESULTS Results of Joinpoint Regression indicated that the prevalence of past-year cocaine use increased after 2011, with an annual percent change of 5.13, while age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates escalated after 2012, with an annual percent change of 26.54. In 2018, prevalence of past-year cocaine use did not significantly differ (p = 0.09) by racial/ethnic group, yet Non-Hispanic Blacks had an age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdose mortality rate more than double the rate in Non-Hispanic Whites and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in any other group. CONCLUSIONS While the prevalence of cocaine use has increased modestly, cocaine-involved overdose mortality has risen dramatically. Cocaine-involved overdose mortality is disproportionately affecting individuals who are Black, older, or with lower educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1947 College Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher P. Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, St. Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103, USA,Graduate School of Social Welfare and College of Social Science, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
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Ahsan MA, Puente Santiago AR, Hong Y, Zhang N, Cano M, Rodriguez-Castellon E, Echegoyen L, Sreenivasan ST, Noveron JC. Tuning of Trifunctional NiCu Bimetallic Nanoparticles Confined in a Porous Carbon Network with Surface Composition and Local Structural Distortions for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction, Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14688-14701. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
| | - Alain R. Puente Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 40801, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IUNAN), University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Castellon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography and Mineralogy, Faculty of Sciences University of Málaga, E-29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Sreeprasad T. Sreenivasan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Juan C. Noveron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Houston, Texas, 77005, United States
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Mehmood N, Hasan A, Nwanne O, Saeed H, Salazar A, Berlioz C, Cano M, Chong E. Impact of the Use of the Beanie on the Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants With Plagiocephaly: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e8716. [PMID: 32699711 PMCID: PMC7372185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is the abnormal flattening of the skull. Infants with DP have been found to have abnormal brain shape and asymmetry associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III) compared to those without DP. In 2009, the FDA approved a repositioning Beanie, the TortleTM (Tortle Products LLC, Greenwood Village, CO), for the prevention of flat head syndrome. Purpose Our goal was to assess the impact of the use of the Beanie on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants with DP admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using the BSID-III. Methods Subjects were identified using a retrospective chart review of infants during January 2013-2017. Infants of less than 32 weeks of gestational age, under 1500 g birth weight, and attending the high-risk follow-up clinic were included in the study. Neurodevelopmental assessment of patients' cognition, language, motor development using the BSID-III was performed at the 12-month and 24-month follow-up visits. The BSID-III scores for patients who used the Beanie were compared to those who did not. Results A total of 207 patients met the inclusion criteria. The gestational age ranged from 22.5 to 31.5 weeks with a median and mean gestational age of 26.4 weeks and 26.5 weeks respectively. Of the patients, 105 were females and 102 males. The birth weight ranged between 460 g and 1460 g with a mean of 879 g and a median of 860 g. The Beanie was used in 32 patients; 31 patients were found to use the Beanie at 12 months and 16 patients at 24 months. Of note, 12-month Bayley cognition scores were found to be statistically improved in babies who used the Beanie versus those who did not (p: 0.02). The statistical significance was not appreciated at 24 months, which could be due to a decrease in the sample size. Conclusion The Beanie is an inexpensive and simple way to help prevent DP in preterm infants, which in turn could improve the aforementioned outcomes.
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Leal-Rodríguez C, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Alothman ZA, Cano M, Giner-Casares JJ, Muñoz-Batista MJ, Osman SM, Luque R. Thermal and light irradiation effects on the electrocatalytic performance of hemoglobin modified Co 3O 4-g-C 3N 4 nanomaterials for the oxygen evolution reaction. Nanoscale 2020; 12:8477-8484. [PMID: 32242199 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in the water splitting process and a high energy conversion efficiency is essential for the definitive advance of hydrogen-based technologies. Unfortunately, the green and sustainable development of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is nowadays a real challenge. Herein, a successful mechanochemical method is proposed for the synthesis of a novel hemoglobin (Hb) modified Co3O4/g-C3N4 composite nanomaterial. The controlled incorporation of cobalt entities as well as Hb functionalization, without affecting the g-C3N4 nanoarchitecture, was evaluated using different physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The beneficial effect of the resulting ternary bioconjugate together with the influence of the temperature and light irradiation was investigated by electrochemical analysis. At 60 °C and under light exposition, this electrocatalyst requires an overpotential of 370 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm-2, showing a Tafel slope of 66 mV·dec-1 and outstanding long-term stability for 600 OER cycles. This work paves a way for the controlled fabrication of multidimensional and multifunctional bio-electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leal-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), N. IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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Cano M, Zhou D, Kreisel D, Chen C, Pugh K, Byers D, Hachem R, Gelman A. Accelerated Bronchiolitis Obliterans Development after Lung Transplant Promoted by the ATG16l1 rs2241880 Mutation is Coupled to Mitochondrial Damage and Metabolic Alterations in Monocyte-Derived Alveolar Macrophages. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ahn JY, Datta S, Bandeira E, Cano M, Mallick E, Rai U, Powell B, Tian J, Witwer KW, Handa JT, Paulaitis ME. Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129598. [PMID: 32240720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial function in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and extracellular vesicle (EV) formation/release are related through the lysosomal and exocytotic pathways that process and eliminate intracellular material, including mitochondrial fragments. We propose that RPE cells with impaired mitochondria will release EVs containing mitochondrial miRNAs that reflect the diminished capacity of mitochondria within these cells. METHODS We screened ARPE-19 cells for miRNAs that localize to the mitochondria, exhibit biological activity, and are present in EVs released by both untreated cells and cells treated with rotenone to induce mitochondrial injury. EVs were characterized by vesicle size, size distribution, presence of EV biomarkers: CD81, CD63, and syntenin-1, miRNA cargo, and number concentration of EVs released per cell. RESULTS We found that miR-494-3p was enriched in ARPE-19 mitochondria. Knockdown of miR-494-3p in ARPE-19 cells decreased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased basal oxygen consumption rate and maximal respiratory capacity. Increased number of EVs released per cell and elevated levels of miR-494-3p in EVs released from ARPE-19 cells treated with rotenone were also measured. CONCLUSIONS ARPE-19 mitochondrial function is regulated by miR-494-3p. Elevated levels of miR-494-3p in EVs released by ARPE-19 cells indicate diminished capacity of the mitochondria within these cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE EV miR-494-3p is a potential biomarker for RPE mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a central role in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and may be a diagnostic biomarker for monitoring the spread of degeneration to neighboring RPE cells in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Ahn
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - S Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - E Bandeira
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - M Cano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - E Mallick
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - U Rai
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - B Powell
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - J Tian
- Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - K W Witwer
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - J T Handa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - M E Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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Linker KE, Gad M, Tawadrous P, Cano M, Green KN, Wood MA, Leslie FM. Microglial activation increases cocaine self-administration following adolescent nicotine exposure. Nat Commun 2020; 11:306. [PMID: 31949158 PMCID: PMC6965638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of e-cigarette use, teen nicotine exposure is becoming more widespread. Findings from clinical and preclinical studies show that the adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to nicotine. Animal studies have demonstrated that adolescent nicotine exposure increases reinforcement for cocaine and other drugs. However, the mechanisms that underlie these behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we report reactive microglia are critical regulators of nicotine-induced increases in adolescent cocaine self-administration. Nicotine has dichotomous, age-dependent effects on microglial morphology and immune transcript profiles. A multistep signaling mechanism involving D2 receptors and CX3CL1 mediates nicotine-induced increases in cocaine self-administration and microglial activation. Moreover, nicotine depletes presynaptic markers in a manner that is microglia-, D2- and CX3CL1-dependent. Taken together, we demonstrate that adolescent microglia are uniquely susceptible to perturbations by nicotine, necessary for nicotine-induced increases in cocaine-seeking, and that D2 receptors and CX3CL1 play a mechanistic role in these phenomena. Adolescents are particularly sensitive to nicotine. Here the authors show that in mice, microglial activation contributes to the enhanced sensitivity to cocaine caused by nicotine exposure in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Linker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - M Gad
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P Tawadrous
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Cano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - K N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F M Leslie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Rodríguez-Padrón D, Puente-Santiago AR, Cano M, Caballero A, Muñoz-Batista MJ, Luque R. Improving Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution of Ag@CN Nanocomposites by Synergistic Effects with α-Rich Proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:2207-2215. [PMID: 31851482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A graphitic carbon nitride nanostructure has been successfully functionalized by incorporation of different silver contents and subsequent modification with an α-rich protein, namely hemoglobin. Mechanochemistry has been employed, as an efficient and sustainable procedure, for the incorporation of the protein. A complete characterization analysis has been performed following a multitechnique approach. Particularly, XPS data exhibited considerable differences in the C 1s region for the Hb/xAg@CN, ensuring the successful protein anchorage on the surface of the graphitic carbon nitride-based materials. The as-synthesized nanomaterials delivered impressive performance toward hydrogen evolution reactions with an overpotential of 79 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for Hb/20Ag@CN nanohybrids, which is comparable with the most efficient HER electrocatalysts reported in the literature. The outstanding HER properties were associated with the unique synergistic interactions, quantitatively measured, between AgNPs, Hb tertiary architecture, and the graphitic carbon nitride networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daily Rodríguez-Padrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
| | - Alain R Puente-Santiago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at El Paso , 500 W. University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | | | | | - Mario J Muñoz-Batista
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Avda. Fuentenueva , s/n 18071 , Granada , Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba , Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396 , E14014 Cordoba , Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str. , 117198 Moscow , Russia
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Abstract
Past research documents the heterogeneity in US immigrants, particularly in terms of racial and ethnic categories and specific ethnic subgroups. The present study builds on this research foundation by investigating heterogeneity in immigrants' experiences of adversity, both recent and during childhood, and associations with mental disorders. Data are drawn from 6,131 adult immigrants in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Prevalence estimates for mental disorders and adversities were calculated overall and by gender. Latent class analysis was utilized to characterize patterns of self-reported experiences of childhood and recent adversities, and multinomial logistic regression established the statistical association between latent class membership and past-year mental disorder outcomes (substance use disorder only, mood/anxiety/trauma disorder only, co-occurring disorder, or no mental disorder). Neglect was the most commonly-reported childhood adversity among immigrant men and women. Prevalence of meeting criteria for a substance use disorder only, or a mood/anxiety/trauma disorder only, varied between men and women, yet no gender differences were observed in prevalence of co-occurring disorders. For latent class analyses, a five-class solution was selected based on fit indices and parsimony. Approximately 10.0% of the sample was categorized in the latent class characterized by severe childhood adversities, while 57.5% was classified in the latent class with low probabilities of reported adversities. The relative risk of meeting criteria for a past-year substance use disorder only (compared to no substance use or mood/anxiety/trauma disorder) was more than three times as high for members of the class with severe childhood adversities (RRR, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.08-5.10), as well as the class with recent employment/financial adversities (RRR, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.36-6.19), compared to the class with low adversities. The relative risk of past-year co-occurring disorders (compared to no disorder) was more than 12 times as high for those in the severe childhood adversities class (RRR, 12.21; 95% CI, 7.06-21.10), compared to the class with low adversities. Findings underscore the importance of considering both recent and childhood adversities when assessing and providing services for US immigrant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - David T Takeuchi
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Abstract
The US drug overdose crisis has devastated communities across the nation, yet relatively little is known about recent impacts in diverse Hispanic populations. Purpose: This study explored demographic and drug patterns in overdose deaths among US Hispanics in 2017, as well as longer-term time trends in drug overdose mortality among Hispanics from 2000 to 2017. Methods: Death certificate data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Bivariate analyses examined demographic and drug characteristics of the 5,988 drug overdose deaths among Hispanics in 2017. Data from 2017 were also utilized to compute age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates for Hispanics overall, for specific Hispanic heritage groups, and for Non-Hispanic Whites (as a frame of reference). Joinpoint Regression was used to characterize trends in drug overdose mortality among US Hispanic men and women between 2000 and 2017. Results: The majority of Hispanic drug overdose decedents in 2017 were male (76.1%) and US-born (70.0%). Synthetic opioids were involved in the highest proportion of deaths in all Hispanic heritages, except the Mexican heritage group, in which psychostimulants were most commonly involved. The 2017 age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate for Hispanics overall was lower than the rate among Non-Hispanic Whites, yet the rate among Puerto Rican-heritage Hispanics (29.0, 95% CI 27.6-30.4) was 6% higher than among Non-Hispanic Whites (27.4, 95% CI 27.2-27.6). Conclusions: Results highlight substantial variation in Hispanic drug overdose mortality rates, indicating that national rates for Hispanics obscure higher-risk subgroups. The diverse demographic profiles of Hispanic drug overdose decedents underscore the need for culturally tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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