Anti-adipogenic activity of an olive seed extract in mouse fibroblasts

The administration of different polyphenols protects against increased body weight and fat accumulation. The aim of the study was to determine the anti-adipogenic activity of an olive-seed polyphenolic extract, by means of mouse fibroblast cell line 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Cells were incubated and differentiated (6000 cells/cup) in the presence of olive-seed extract at 10 and 50 mg/l biosecure concentrations of polyphenols, and with no extract in the control sample. After 5 to 7 days mature adipocytes are formed. The fat clusters are quantified by means of red-oil staining, 490 nm absorbance, and the expression of the leptin and PPARg genes, and then compared to the values obtained in the cultures before and after adipocyte differentiation.

RESULTS

The control samples, with no extract, presented an accumulation of fat of 100%. By contrast, the addition of 50 mg/l of olive-seed extract polyphenols resulted in a 50% accumulation of fat, similar to that of the non-differentiated cells. A 10 mg/l extract concentration had no effect. Anti-adipogenic activity is thus confirmed, as the expression of the PPARg and leptin genes is reduced in adipocyte differentiation in the presence of extract at 50 mg/l. In conclusion, both the formation of fatty substances characteristic of adipogenesis, and the expression of the adipogenic PPARg and leptin genes are found to be inhibited by the prior addition of olive-seed extract polyphenols at a 50 mg/l concentration.

Differences in the management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia between obesity classes

We did not find any paper that assessed clinical inertia in obese patients. Therefore, no paper has compared the clinical inertia rates between morbidly and nonmorbidly obese patients. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. We analysed 8687 obese patients ⩾40 years of age who attended their health-care center for a checkup as part of a preventive program. The outcome was morbid obesity. Secondary variables were as follows: failure in the management of high blood pressure (HBP), high blood cholesterol (HBC) and high fasting blood glucose (HFBG); gender; personal history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking and cardiovascular disease; and age (years). We analysed the association between failures and morbid obesity by calculating the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Of 8687 obese patients, 421 had morbid obesity (4.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-5.3%). The prevalence rates for failures were as follows: HBP, 34.7%; HBC, 35.2%; and HFBG, 12.4%. Associated factors with morbid obesity related with failures were as follows: failure in the management of HBP (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74, P=0.001); failure in the management of HBC (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.91, P=0.004); and failure in the management of HFBG (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.66-3.03, P<0.001). Morbidly obese patients faced worse management for HBP and HFBG, and better management for HBC. It would be interesting to integrate alarm systems to avoid this problem.

Maternal age as risk factor of prematurity in Spain; Mediterranean area

BACKGROUND

Maternal age is a preponderant variable in the epidemiological analysis of the premature birth. Studies show that in the extreme ages of the maternal life there is a risk of premature birth that generates a high rate of neonatal morbidity.

OBJECTIVES

[corrected] Determine the effect on the extreme ages of women residents in the province of Alicante on the total of the premature births.

METHOD

An explanatory, retrospective case-control study was conducted during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011. The study was based on the revision of the newborn registers from the Neonatal Screening Center of the province of Alicante. All the preterm were included, this means between 22 & 36 complete weeks of pregnancy (5,295 out of 78,391 newborn which represents 6.75% of prematurity), and a random sample of the deliveries with 37 weeks or more of pregnancy (control group). The age of the mother was studied as independent variable and the prematurity as dependent variable.

RESULTS

Clearly shows an increased risk of prematurity among teenage mothers compared to the age group nearest to them, which is confirmed by a squared Chi test which gives a significantly different distribution (p < 0,0001) and an OD for very preterm of 2,41 (1,51-3,24) and of preterm of 1,71 (1,32-2,19). This probability is also higher among mothers over 40 years old with an OD of 1,86 (1,39-2,48) and 1,66 (1,44-1,91) for very preterm newborns and preterm newborns respectively.

DISCUSSION

The results clearly manifest that teenagers and older pregnant mothers are at higher prematurity and low birth weight risk, therefore imposes the need to trace educational interventions to minimize this problem from the results in this research.

[Quality of the diet and lifestyles in health sciences students]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the eating habits of the students of the University of Alicante of the degrees of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and Nursing.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was carried out to 184 students of both sexes (96 of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and Nursing 88) of the University of Alicante. Were weighed and carved to calculate BMI; food consumption was estimated by the reminder of 24 hours; intake of macro and micronutrients were calculated using the program Easydiet. Comparing the results obtained in both qualifications and according to nutritional status by performing the corresponding statistical analysis.

RESULTS

The majority of the students analyzed are normal weight (80%). There were significant differences in the quality of the diet both degrees, being the same characteristics: low in carbohydrates and high in protein. It also shows an imbalance in the type of fat consumed, with a higher consumption of saturated and less from polyunsaturated than recommended. Likewise, analyzed that nutrition students do more exercise than the nurses, although they sleep fewer hours and spend more time in front of the computer and TV.

CONCLUSION

While the levels of overweight and obesity among students is less than that of the general population, there are imbalances in your diet, noting that consumption of macronutrients is located away from the recommendations, and that there are deficiencies in the intake of micronutrients. Showing that have knowledge of nutrition, does not affect healthy decision-making to a diet and lifestyle.

[Correspondence between the fatty acids in healthy children serum and in membrane phospholipids]

INTRODUCTION

The diet is important in the supply of fatty acids in humans, especially those of the n-3 and n-6 families by its essentiality and related physiological function. It is important to have reference values in accessible biological samples: serum and erythrocyte membranes, in order to alleviate potential shortfalls. The objective is quantifying fatty acids present in these samples from C6 to C26.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

the determinations of the fatty acids of 30 healthy children in serum and its corresponding membrane phospholipids from blood cells by lipid extraction, methylation, separation and quantification in gas chromatography with detection of masses have been. It is comparing the values obtained in each serum and its partner of cell membranes.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

It is have obtained normal values in healthy children. The C16, which represent a quarter of all fatty acids, it is in the same proportion in both samples, in the rest of fatty acids, there is no clear correspondence between both values. In the n-6 family, the C18:2n6 is higher in serum against the C20:4n6 which is in the phospholipids. In the same way between the n-3 family, the C20:5n3 is higher in serum and the C22:6n3 is in membrane phospholipids. These values are cause of different processes, recent nutritional contribution to serum and with long-term implications and metabolic values in the phospholipids of membranes.

[High ratio of omega 6/omega 3 ratio children with neuropathies; cause or effect]

INTRODUCTION

The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids compete for the same elongases and desaturases, still highly deficient synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids from n-3 linolenic acid. The n-3 polyunsaturated prevent disease and are important in the development and maintenance of neuronal activities, necessitating a proper relationship with their antagonists n-6. This paper studies the proportion of these fatty acids.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We analyzed the fatty acids of n- 3 and n-6 in sera and membrane phospholipid with 374 children neuropathies and 34 healthy children, using gas chromatography with mass detector. It has made the relevant statistical study.

RESULTS

The n-3 (EPA and DHA) in serum and their corresponding membrane phospholipids correlate better than the n-6 family. The major n-6 (LA and ARA) are equally in serum, being significantly higher in phospholipids of healthy children. The n-3 (EPA and DHA) have higher values in healthy children, both in serum and phospholipids, their sum is equal to the membrane phospholipids. The n-6/n-3 ratio is higher in children with neurological disorder in both samples.

CONCLUSION

Not being the cause of the high rate n-6/n- 3 neuropathy, however it is advisable to increase the intake of n-3, DHA particularly across the population, especially in children with neurological disorders.

[Obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents]

In spite of the lack of a uniform definition for metabolic syndrome in pediatry, recent studies have shown that it develops during childhood and is highly prevalent among children and adolescents who suffer from obesity. In light of the current epidemic of obesity in this age category in western countries, and specifically in Mexico, it becomes essential to know the means to prevent, detect and treat this syndrome. Nurses play an important role in promoting childhood health with regards to metabolic syndrome. To put into practice the strategies which resolve underlying problems related with this syndrome is a priority for the well-being of this age group. These strategies should include the application and management of public policies; the collaboration by health services, social services and schools; but, furthermore, the prevention and the management of this syndrome require a family commitment, while the changes in living habits benefit the entire family. This review article proposes to introduce prevention, diagnostic and treatment strategies which nursing personnel can carry out while dealing with metabolic syndrome in adolescents.