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Del-Río-Navarro BE, Berber A, Reyes-Noriega N, Navarrete-Rodríguez EM, García-Almaraz R, Ellwood P, Garcia-Marcos L, Saucedo-Ramírez OJ, Mérida-Palacio VJ, Ramos-García BDC, Escalante-Domínguez AJ, Linares-Zapién FJ, Moreno-Gardea HL, Ochoa-López G, Hernández-Mondragón LO, Lozano-Sáenz JS, Sacre-Hazouri JA, Juan-Pineda Á, Sánchez-Coronel MG, Rodríguez-Pérez N, Ambriz-Moreno MDJ. Global Asthma Network Phase I study in Mexico: prevalence of asthma symptoms, risk factors and altitude associations-a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2020; 7:7/1/e000658. [PMID: 33268340 PMCID: PMC7713197 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally. Objective To survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico. Methods GAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016–2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by parents of 6–7-year-old primary school pupils (school children) and by 13–14-year-old adolescents. Results A total of 35 780 school children and 41 399 adolescents participated. Wheezing ever prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI 25.8% to 26.7%) in school children and 23.9% (95% CI 23.4% to 24.3%) in adolescents. The corresponding frequencies for current wheeze were 10.2% (95% CI 9.9% to 10.5%) and 11.6% (95% CI 11.2% to 11.9%). In school children, the risk factors for current wheeze were rhinitis (OR 4.484; 95% CI 3.915% to 5.134%) and rash symptoms (OR 1.735; 95% CI 1.461% to 2.059%). For adolescents, rhinitis symptoms (OR 3.492; 95% CI 3.188% to 3.825%) and allergic rhinitis diagnosis (OR 2.144; 95% CI 1.787% to 2.572%) were the most significant. For both groups, there was a negative relation with centres’ sea level altitude higher than 1500 m above mean sea level (p<0.005). Conclusions The most important risk factors for asthma symptoms in both age groups were the presence of rhinitis and rash symptoms or diagnosis. On the other hand, sea level altitude higher than 1500 metres was a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Berber
- Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayely Reyes-Noriega
- Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Philippa Ellwood
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Javier Linares-Zapién
- Allergy and Immunology, Centro de Investigación, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Asma y Alergias, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Noel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Allergy and Immunology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Larenas-Linnemann D, Rodríguez-Pérez N, Luna-Pech JA, Rodríguez-González M, Blandón-Vijil MV, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Costa-Domínguez MDC, Navarrete-Rodríguez EM, Macouzet-Sánchez C, Ortega-Martell JA, Pozo-Beltrán CF, Estrada-Cardona A, Arias-Cruz A, Rodríguez Galván KG, Brito-Díaz H, Canseco-Raymundo MDR, Castelán-Chávez EE, Escalante-Domínguez AJ, Gálvez-Romero JL, Gómez-Vera J, González-Díaz SN, Guerrero-Núñez MGB, Hernández-Colín DD, Macías-Weinmann A, Mendoza-Hernández DA, Meneses-Sánchez NA, Mogica-Martínez MD, Moncayo-Coello CV, Montiel-Herrera JM, O'Farril-Romanillos PM, Onuma-Takane E, Ortega-Cisneros M, Rangel-Garza L, Stone-Aguilar H, Torres-Lozano C, Venegas-Montoya E, Wakida-Kusunoki G, Partida-Gaytán A, López-García AI, Macías-Robles AP, Ambriz-Moreno MDJ, Azamar-Jácome AA, Beltrán-De Paz CY, Caballero-López C, Fernández de Córdova-Aguirre JC, Fernández-Soto JR, Lozano-Sáenz JS, Oyoqui-Flores JJ, Osorio-Escamilla RE, Ramírez-Jiménez F, Rivero-Yeverino D, Martínez Infante E, Medina-Ávalos MA. Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100444. [PMID: 32884611 PMCID: PMC7451623 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, Supplementary data) concluded the following. Results Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50-200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed.
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Key Words
- AGREE-II, Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Instrument
- AIT, Allergen immunotherapy
- Allergen extract
- Allergen immunotherapy
- Asthma and Immunology, DBPC
- CMICA, Colegio Mexicano de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia
- COMPEDIA, Colegio Mexicano de Pediatras Especialistas in Inmunología Clínica y Alergia
- EAACI, European Academy of Allergy
- FASIT, Future of the Allergists and Specific Immunotherapy
- GIN, Guidelines International Network
- GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma
- GP, grass pollen
- GRADE, grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation
- GUIMIT, by its Spanish initials of Guía Mexicana de Inmunoterapia
- Guideline
- HDM, house dust mite
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- MRG, main reference guidelines
- PICO, Patient-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome
- SCIT, subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy
- SLIT, sublingual allergen immunotherapy
- Subcutaneous immunotherapy
- Sublingual immunotherapy
- US, United States of North America
- double-blind, placebo controlled
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Larenas-Linnemann
- Médica Sur, Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
- Corresponding author. Médica Sur, Fundación clínica y hospital, Puente de piedra 150, T2Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, 14050, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge A. Luna-Pech
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosóficas, Metodológicas e Instrumentales (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Macouzet-Sánchez
- State University of Nuevo León, School of Medicine and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Arias-Cruz
- State University of Nuevo León, School of Medicine and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier Gómez-Vera
- Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers, López Mateos Regional Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Nora González-Díaz
- State University of Nuevo León, School of Medicine and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alejandra Macías-Weinmann
- State University of Nuevo León, School of Medicine and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Néstor Alejandro Meneses-Sánchez
- Centro Médico Nacional Siglo Xxi. Unidad Médica De Alta Especialidad. Hospital De Pediatria Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edna Venegas-Montoya
- Mexican Social Security Institute, High Specialty Medical Unit 25, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paola Macías-Robles
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente Unidad de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatria, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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