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Paula Silva Azevedo A, Nóbrega C, Darck Carola Correia Lima J, Marques de Matos-Neto E, Carlos Amadio A, Cerqueira Leite Seelaender M, Cerca Serrão J. Immediate effects of a real moderate interval-running training session on inflammatory profile. Cytokine 2020; 133:155150. [PMID: 32505092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the immediate effect of a moderate interval-running training session on circulating inflammatory cytokines concentration at real conditions of training. Nine recreational runners (5 women and 4 men; 68,33 ± 10,20 kg; 1,65 ± 0,07 m; 28,67 ± 4,24 years) had blood samples collected from antecubital vein before and immediately after a moderate interval-running training session without fasting. Cytokine levels were obtained from blood samples through Multiplex Analysis of Sample Protein Content, performed by Magpix® instrument. The assay detected the cytokines and calculated the plasma cytokine concentrations. Reduced concentration was observed after training session for all cytokines (p < 0.05), except for IP-10. Moderate effect sizes were identified in IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IP-10, MCP1 and GM-CSF. In summary, a single moderate interval-running training session at real conditions of training seems not to be stressing enough to increase cytokine levels as a response to the exercise. Results reinforce that immediate biochemical response and inflammatory modulation related to exercise is dose-dependent and may be influenced by other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Azevedo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clara Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gonçalves DC, Lira FS, Yamashita AS, Carnevali Junior LC, Eder R, Laviano A, Seelaender MCL. Liver lipid metabolism disruption in cancer cachexia is aggravated by cla supplementation -induced inflammation. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2219-2230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Bearing in mind that cancer cachexia is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and that endurance training has been adopted as a nonpharmacological anti-inflammatory strategy, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise upon the balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in 2 different depots of white adipose tissue in cachectic tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats. Animals were assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), sedentary pair-fed (SPF) or exercise control (EC), exercise tumour-bearing (ET), and exercise pair-fed (EPF) group. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60% VO(2)max) 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. The retroperitoneal (RPAT) and mesenteric (MEAT) adipose pads were excised and the mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (ELISA) expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were evaluated. The number of infiltrating monocytes in the adipose tissue was increased in cachectic rats. TNF-α mRNA in MEAT was increased in the cachectic animals (p<0.05) in relation to SC. RPAT protein expression of all studied cytokines was increased in cachectic animals in relation to SC and SPF (p<0.05). In this pad, IL-10/TNF-α ratio was reduced in the cachectic animals in comparison with SC (p<0.05) indicating inflammation. Exercise training improved IL-10/TNF-α ratio and induced a reduction of the infiltrating monocytes both in MEAT and RPAT (p<0.05), when compared with ST. We conclude that cachexia is associated with inflammation of white adipose tissue and that exercise training prevents this effect in the MEAT, and partially in RPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Lira
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Costa CS, Otoch JP, Seelaender MCL, Neves RXD, Martinez CAR, Margarido NF. Avaliação citométrica dos adipócitos localizados no tecido subcutâneo da parede anterior do abdome após infiltração percutânea de CO2. Rev Col Bras Cir 2011; 38:15-23. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912011000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da infiltração de dióxido de carbono em adipócitos presentes na parede abdominal. MÉTODOS: Quinze voluntárias foram submetidas a sessões de infusão de CO2 durante três semanas consecutivas (duas sessões por semana com intervalos de dois a três dias entre cada sessão). O volume de gás carbônico infundido por sessão, em pontos previamente demarcados, foi sempre calculado com base na superfície da área a ser tratada, com volume infundido fixo de 250 mL/100cm² de superfície tratada. Os pontos de infiltração foram demarcados respeitando-se o limite eqüidistante 2cm entre eles. Em cada ponto se injetou 10mL, por sessão, com fluxo de 80mL/min. Foram colhidos fragmentos de tecido celular subcutâneo da parede abdominal anterior antes e após o tratamento. O número e as alterações histomorfológicas dos adipócitos (diâmetro médio, perímetro, comprimento, largura e número de adipócitos por campos de observação) foram mensurados por citometria computadorizada. Os resultados foram analisados com o teste t de Student pareado, adotando-se nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se redução significativa no número de adipócitos da parede abdominal e na área, diâmetro, perímetro, comprimento e largura após o uso da hipercapnia (p=0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A infiltração percutânea de CO2 reduz a população e modifica a morfologia dos adipócitos presentes na parede abdominal anterior.
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Reis VDB, Seelaender MCL, Rossi L. Impacto da desidratação na geração de força de atletas de arco e flecha durante competição Indoor e Outdoor. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922010000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O arco e flecha é um esporte estático que requer força e resistência da parte superior do corpo, sendo que a habilidade do arqueiro é definida pela capacidade de atirar a flecha no alvo em um intervalo de tempo com precisão. A contração muscular gerada durante a execução do gesto esportivo propicia o aumento da temperatura corporal, da oxidação de glicose e da sudorese, podendo esta ser potencializada pelas condições climáticas às quais o atleta é exposto. Todos estes fatores alteram a percepção de esforço e a própria geração de força, impondo um estresse negativo à performance. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar e relacionar o estado de hidratação de atletas de arco e flecha com alterações fisiológicas e de força intervenientes no rendimento competitivo. MÉTODOS: Participaram 11 arqueiros em duas competições distintas (indoor e outdoor). Foram mensurados parâmetros relacionados ao estado de hidratação, glicemia, percepção de esforço subjetivo e alteração na força de preensão palmar. RESULTADOS: Os atletas analisados apresentaram alterações significativas nos parâmetros relacionados ao estado hídrico em diferentes dias, provavelmente relacionadas às condições climáticas adversas na competição outdoor (34ºC e 60% URA) em relação à competição indoor (22ºC e 90% URA). O mesmo não foi observado para a glicemia. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho é o primeiro a comprovar a relação direta entre fatores climáticos e de rendimento em arqueiros de alto nível durante evento competitivo, assim como a evidenciar quais métodos não invasivos seriam os mais indicados para a avaliação do impacto destas alterações.
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Batista ML, Lopes RD, Seelaender MCL, Lopes AC. Anti-inflammatory effect of physical training in heart failure: role of TNF-alpha and IL-10. Arq Bras Cardiol 2009; 93:643-700. [PMID: 20379646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the understanding of the deteriorative changes involved in the progression of heart failure (HF), initially described as resulting from changes in salt and fluid retention, or changes in hemodynamic parameters, have changed significantly. Recently, several studies conducted in HF patients showed altered plasma (or serum) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins 1, 6, and 18, and cardiotropin-1, among other inflammatory markers. These changes were independent of HF etiology, suggesting a common pathogenic pathway. In response to these new findings, interventions to prevent and/or reduce these inflammatory changes have been proposed. The aerobic training-induced cardiovascular benefits of physical exercises performed at intensities ranging from mild to moderate have been previously reported. Moreover, it has been shown that moderate aerobic physical training seems to be able to modulate, in the presence of an abnormal chronic inflammatory condition, the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules, chemoattractant factors and oxidative stress. Altogether, these data indicate a possible anti-inflammatory effect induced by physical training. Therefore, this review aims to assess the role of physical training as an alternative non-pharmacological adjuvant to be administered in some pathological conditions in which TNF-alpha chronic changes are predominant, as in HF. The 'anti-inflammatory effect' induced by physical training seems to be primarily mediated by IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Luiz Batista
- Grupo de Biologia Molecular da Célula - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I e Departamento de Medicina Interna - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Batista Júnior ML, Lopes RD, Seelaender MCL, Lopes AC. Efeito anti-inflamatório do treinamento físico na insuficiência cardíaca: papel do TNF-α e da IL-10. Arq Bras Cardiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2009001200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
VLDL secretion is a regulated process that depends on the availability of lipids, apoB and MTP. Our aim was to investigate the effect of liver denervation upon the secretion of VLDL and the expression of proteins involved in this process. Denervation was achieved by applying a 85% phenol solution onto the portal tract, while control animals were treated with 9% NaCl. VLDL secretion was evaluated by the Tyloxapol method. The hepatic concentration of TAG and cholesterol, and the plasma concentration of TAG, cholesterol, VLDL-TAG, VLDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured, as well as mRNA expression of proteins involved in the process of VLDL assembly. Hepatic acinar distribution of MTP and apoB was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Denervation increased plasma concentration of cholesterol (125.3 +/- 10.1 vs. 67.1 +/- 4.9 mg dL(-1)) and VLDL-cholesterol (61.6 +/- 5.6 vs. 29.4 +/- 3.3 mg dL(-1)), but HDL-cholesterol was unchanged (45.5 +/- 6.1 vs. 36.9 +/- 3.9 mg dL(-1)). Secretion of VLDL-TAG (47.5 +/- 23.8 vs. 148.5 +/- 27.4 mg dL h(-1)) and mRNA expression of CPT I and apoB were reduced (p < 0.01) in the denervated animals. MTP and apoB acinar distribution was not altered in the denervated animals, but the intensity of the reaction was reduced in relation to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Luís Tavares
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Yamashita AS, Lira FS, Lima WP, Carnevali Jr. LC, Gonçalves DC, Tavares FL, Seelaender MCL. Influência do treinamento físico aeróbio no transporte mitocondrial de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa no músculo esquelético: papel do complexo carnitina palmitoil transferase. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922008000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O ácido graxo (AG) é uma importante fonte de energia para o músculo esquelético. Durante o exercício sua mobilização é aumentada para suprir as necessidades da musculatura ativa. Acredita-se que diversos pontos de regulação atuem no controle da oxidação dos AG, sendo o principal a atividade do complexo carnitina palmitoil transferase (CPT), entre os quais três componentes estão envolvidos: a CPT I, a CPT II e carnitina acilcarnitina translocase. A função da CPT I durante o exercício físico é controlar a entrada de AG para o interior da mitocôndria, para posterior oxidação do AG e produção de energia. Em resposta ao treinamento físico há um aumento na atividade e expressão da CPT I no músculo esquelético. Devido sua grande importância no metabolismo de lipídios, os mecanismos que controlam sua atividade e sua expressão gênica são revisados no presente estudo. Reguladores da expressão gênica de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de lipídios no músculo esquelético, os receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomas (PPAR) alfa e beta, são discutidos com um enfoque na resposta ao treinamento físico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Waldecir Paula Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de São Paulo, Brasil
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Koyama C, dos Santos Lira F, Yamashita AS, Junior MB, Gonçalves DC, Alves MJ, Junior EM, Rosa Neto JC, Leite Seelaender MC. Aerobic Training Attenuates the Expression of TNF-α in the Skeletal Muscle of Rats Bearing the Walker 256 Tumor. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000273834.35999.d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yamashita AS, Cunha W, Giampietro MV, Rosa Neto JC, De Souza DF, Aparecida F, Junior MB, Lira FS, Leite Seelaender MC, Rosa LC. The Effect Of Exercise Upon Hepatic Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase System In Malnourished Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000274845.23684.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Batista ML, Santos RVT, Oliveira EM, Seelaender MCL, Costa Rosa LFBP. Endurance training restores peritoneal macrophage function in post-MI congestive heart failure rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 102:2033-9. [PMID: 17255373 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00871.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) induces a state of immune activation, and peritoneal macrophages (Mφs) may play an important role in the development and progression of one such condition. Moderate endurance training modulates peritoneal Mφ function. We evaluated the effect of endurance training on different stages of the phagocytic process and in the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after LPS stimulation. Either ligation of the left coronary artery or Sham operations were performed in adult Wistar rats. After 4 wk, control (Sham operated) and MI (ligation of the left coronary artery) animals were randomly assigned to either a sedentary (Sham-operated sedentary, n = 7 and MI sedentary, n = 10) or a trained group (Sham-operated trained, n = 8 and MI trained, n = 8). Trained rats ran on a treadmill (0% grade at 13–20 m/min) for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8–10 wk, whereas sedentary rats had only limited activity. Training increased maximal oxygen uptake normalized for body weight (ml·kg−1·min−1), as well as skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity, when compared with sedentary groups. The resident and total cell number, the chemotaxis index, and the production of TNF-α stimulated by LPS were significantly higher in the MI sedentary group when compared with the Sham sedentary group. Moderate endurance training reversed these alterations promoted by post-MI. These results demonstrate that moderate intensity exercise training modulates peritoneal Mφ function and induces beneficial metabolic effects in rats with post-MI CHF.
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Caperuto EC, Tomatieli RV, Colquhoun A, Seelaender MCL, Costa Rosa LFBP. β-Hydoxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation affects Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats in a time-dependent manner. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:117-22. [PMID: 17011676 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer cachexia affects intermediary metabolism with intense and general catabolism. Walker 256 tumor is a model injected either subcutaneously (Sc) or intraperitoneally (Ip), with different metabolic features. Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMbeta) is a leucine metabolite with anti-catabolic properties, the aim of this study being to investigate its effects on metabolic parameters in both tumor models. METHODS Controls (subcutaneous control group (ScC) and intraperitoneal control group (IpC)) and supplemented animals (subcutaneous supplemented group (ScS) and intraperitoneal supplemented group (IpS)) showed these results. RESULTS Protein Sc values were (47.8%) lower than Ip groups. Sc group fat content was (65.16%) higher than Ip groups. Liver glycogen value for Sc groups was (38.4%) higher than Ip groups. Muscle glycogen value for Sc groups were (2.75 times) higher than Ip groups. Corticosterone and insulin values were lower (44.53%) and higher (45.94%), respectively, in Sc when compared with Ip groups. Glucose and lactate values for ScS were the lowest (61.7% and 41.53%) compared to other groups. ScC glutamine value was the highest (40.8%) of all groups. Glutamate Sc values were (42.65%) lower than Ip groups. Sc groups showed greater survival time compared with Ip groups. ScS group showed 100% increase in survival time when compared with ScC. CONCLUSIONS HMbeta supplementation can increase survival time and promotes metabolic changes in cancer-bearing animals, but it seems to work in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico Chagas Caperuto
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Cell Biology and Development, Lineu Prestes Av. 1524 ICB 1 Room 430, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Vaisberg M, de Mello MT, Seelaender MCL, dos Santos RVT, Costa Rosa LFBP. Reduced maximal oxygen consumption and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in athletes. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:304-9. [PMID: 18382117 DOI: 10.1159/000123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this study to evaluate whether chronic pain in athletes is related to performance, measured by the maximum oxygen consumption and production of hormones and cytokines. METHODS Fifty-five athletes with a mean age of 31.9 +/- 4.2 years engaged in regular competition and showing no symptoms of acute inflammation, particularly fever, were studied. They were divided into 2 subgroups according to the occurrence of pain. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone and dopamine were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-alpha and prostaglandin E(2) by whole-blood culture. Maximal oxygen consumption was determined during an incremental treadmill test. RESULTS There was no change in the concentration of stress hormones, but the athletes with chronic pain showed a reduction in maximum oxygen consumption (22%) and total consumption at the anaerobic threshold (25%), as well as increased cytokine production. Increases of 2.7-, 8.1-, 1.7- and 3.7-fold were observed for IL-1, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-alpha, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that athletes with chronic pain have enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators and reduced performance in the ergospirometric test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vaisberg
- Department of Medicine, Baixada Santista Campus, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Batista ML, Santos RVT, Cunha LM, Mattos K, Oliveira EM, Seelaender MCL, Costa Rosa LFBP. Changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and peritoneal macrophage function in rats with chronic heart failure. Cytokine 2006; 34:284-90. [PMID: 16884911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a state of immune activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in its development and progression. Macrophages (Mphis), when activated, are the main source of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We measured interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-alpha) production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation, as well as peritoneal Mphis migration, phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis index, and hydrogen peroxide production, in an attempt to clarify the role of this cell in an animal model of CHF. Ligature of the left coronary artery or sham operation was performed in adult Wistar rats. After 12 weeks, resident and total cell number, phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis index, and hydrogen peroxide production in Mphis were significantly higher in CHF than in control rats. The production of IL-6 and TNF- alpha was similarly significantly enhanced in CHF as compared with controls. Mphis obtained from CHF rats were more responsive to LPS, suggesting the existence, in vivo, of possible factor(s) modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrated that there is modification of peritoneal Mphis function along CHF development, possibly contributing to the pathophysiological process in the establishment of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Batista
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dos Santos Cunha WD, Giampietro MV, De Souza DF, Vaisberg M, Seelaender MCL, Rosa LFBPC. Exercise Restores Immune Cell Function in Energy-Restricted Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:2059-64. [PMID: 15570140 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000147626.32295.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of chronic moderate-intensity exercise upon the alterations of immune system cell function induced by energy restriction. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sedentary animals fed ad libitum (SF, N = 10) or submitted to energy restriction (SER, N = 10, receiving 50% of the mean amount of chow consumed by SF); and trained animals fed ad libitum (TF, N = 10) or submitted to energy restriction (TER, N = 10), who exercised on a treadmill (at 60-65%VO(2max) 5 d.wk(-1) for 10 wk(-1), after 30 d under the restriction protocol. The incorporation of [2-(14)C]-thymidine by lymphocytes obtained from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, plasma glucose and glutamine concentration, and cytokine production by cells cultivated in the presence of glutamine were measured in all groups, 24 h after the last exercise session. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's posttest were employed for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Training induced an increase in the proliferative response and in the production of gamma-interferon and interleukin-1 (P < 0.05) in cells from the spleen and lymph nodes of SER, in which these parameters were diminished when compared with SF (P < 0.05). SER spleen and lymph node cells produced more TNF (26 and 42%, respectively) and IL-2 (49 and 42%, respectively) than SF. The Th1-like diversion of the immune response observed in SER persisted after training. Partial recovery of the decreased SER plasma glutamine concentration and muscle glutamine synthase mRNA was observed. CONCLUSIONS Training induced the recovery of the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes from SER, probably due to the partial restoration of plasma glutamine levels, but did not interfere with the diversion towards a Th1-type immune response induced by food restriction.
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