1
|
Smetacek V, Fernández-Méndez M, Pausch F, Wu J. Rectifying misinformation on the climate intervention potential of ocean afforestation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3012. [PMID: 38594247 PMCID: PMC11004115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Smetacek
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Mar Fernández-Méndez
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Franziska Pausch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goldenberg SU, Spisla C, Sánchez N, Taucher J, Spilling K, Sswat M, Fiesinger A, Fernández-Méndez M, Krock B, Hauss H, Haussmann J, Riebesell U. Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3955. [PMID: 38368496 PMCID: PMC10874431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing ocean productivity by artificial upwelling is evaluated as a nature-based solution for food security and climate change mitigation. Fish production is intended through diatom-based plankton food webs as these are assumed to be short and efficient. However, our findings from mesocosm experiments on artificial upwelling in the oligotrophic ocean disagree with this classical food web model. Here, diatoms did not reduce trophic length and instead impaired the transfer of primary production to crustacean grazers and small pelagic fish. The diatom-driven decrease in trophic efficiency was likely mediated by changes in nutritional value for the copepod grazers. Whilst diatoms benefitted the availability of essential fatty acids, they also caused unfavorable elemental compositions via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (i.e. low protein content) to which the grazers were unable to adapt. This nutritional imbalance for grazers was most pronounced in systems optimized for CO2 uptake through carbon-to-nitrogen ratios well beyond Redfield. A simultaneous enhancement of fisheries production and carbon sequestration via artificial upwelling may thus be difficult to achieve given their opposing stoichiometric constraints. Our study suggest that food quality can be more critical than quantity to maximize food web productivity during shorter-term fertilization of the oligotrophic ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Urs Goldenberg
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Spisla
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolás Sánchez
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Taucher
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristian Spilling
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Michael Sswat
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Fiesinger
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mar Fernández-Méndez
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Helena Hauss
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Haussmann
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang WL, Fernández-Méndez M, Elmer F, Gao G, Zhao Y, Han Y, Li J, Chai F, Dai M. Ocean afforestation is a potentially effective way to remove carbon dioxide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4339. [PMID: 37474510 PMCID: PMC10359291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Mar Fernández-Méndez
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Franziska Elmer
- School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuye Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Minhan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thiele S, Storesund JE, Fernández-Méndez M, Assmy P, Øvreås L. A Winter-to-Summer Transition of Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in Arctic Sea Ice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1618. [PMID: 36014036 PMCID: PMC9414599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is warming 2-3 times faster than the global average, leading to a decrease in Arctic sea ice extent, thickness, and associated changes in sea ice structure. These changes impact sea ice habitat properties and the ice-associated ecosystems. Sea-ice algal blooms provide various algal-derived carbon sources for the bacterial and archaeal communities within the sea ice. Here, we detail the transition of these communities from winter through spring to early summer during the Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition. The winter community was dominated by the archaeon Candidatus Nitrosopumilus and bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria (Colwellia, Kangiellaceae, and Nitrinocolaceae), indicating that nitrogen-based metabolisms, particularly ammonia oxidation to nitrite by Cand. Nitrosopumilus was prevalent. At the onset of the vernal sea-ice algae bloom, the community shifted to the dominance of Gammaproteobacteria (Kangiellaceae, Nitrinocolaceae) and Bacteroidia (Polaribacter), while Cand. Nitrosopumilus almost disappeared. The bioinformatically predicted carbohydrate-active enzymes increased during spring and summer, indicating that sea-ice algae-derived carbon sources are a strong driver of bacterial and archaeal community succession in Arctic sea ice during the change of seasons. This implies a succession from a nitrogen metabolism-based winter community to an algal-derived carbon metabolism-based spring/ summer community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thiele
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53 A/B, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mar Fernández-Méndez
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre of Ocean Research, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Assmy
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lise Øvreås
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53 A/B, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Center in Svalbard, UNIS, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernández-Méndez F, Barcala-Furelos R, Otero-Agra M, Fernández-Méndez M, Santos-Folgar M, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Evaluación sobre la técnica de compresiones torácicas usando APP. ¿Ayudan o entorpecen la reanimación cardiopulmonar? Med Intensiva 2020; 44:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
de Sousa AGG, Tomasino MP, Duarte P, Fernández-Méndez M, Assmy P, Ribeiro H, Surkont J, Leite RB, Pereira-Leal JB, Torgo L, Magalhães C. Diversity and Composition of Pelagic Prokaryotic and Protist Communities in a Thin Arctic Sea-Ice Regime. Microb Ecol 2019; 78:388-408. [PMID: 30623212 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-01314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most prominent manifestations of climate change is the changing Arctic sea-ice regime with a reduction in the summer sea-ice extent and a shift from thicker, perennial multiyear ice towards thinner, first-year ice. These changes in the physical environment are likely to impact microbial communities, a key component of Arctic marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. During the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N-ICE2015) north of Svalbard, seawater samples were collected at the surface (5 m), subsurface (20 or 50 m), and mesopelagic (250 m) depths on 9 March, 27 April, and 16 June 2015. In addition, several physical and biogeochemical data were recorded to contextualize the collected microbial communities. Through the massively parallel sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA amplicon and metagenomic data, this work allows studying the Arctic's microbial community structure during the late winter to early summer transition. Results showed that, at compositional level, Alpha- (30.7%) and Gammaproteobacteria (28.6%) are the most frequent taxa across the prokaryotic N-ICE2015 collection, and also the most phylogenetically diverse. Winter to early summer trends were quite evident since there was a high relative abundance of thaumarchaeotes in the under-ice water column in late winter while this group was nearly absent during early summer. Moreover, the emergence of Flavobacteria and the SAR92 clade in early summer might be associated with the degradation of a spring bloom of Phaeocystis. High relative abundance of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, particularly Alcanivorax (54.3%) and Marinobacter (6.3%), was also found. Richness showed different patterns along the depth gradient for prokaryotic (highest at mesopelagic depth) and protistan communities (higher at subsurface depths). The microbial N-ICE2015 collection analyzed in the present study provides comprehensive new knowledge about the pelagic microbiota below drifting Arctic sea-ice. The higher microbial diversity found in late winter/early spring communities reinforces the need to continue with further studies to properly characterize the winter microbial communities under the pack-ice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- António Gaspar G de Sousa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Paola Tomasino
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Philipp Assmy
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugo Ribeiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaroslaw Surkont
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo B Leite
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José B Pereira-Leal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís Torgo
- LIAAD - Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, INESC Tec, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, USA
| | - Catarina Magalhães
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rapp JZ, Fernández-Méndez M, Bienhold C, Boetius A. Effects of Ice-Algal Aggregate Export on the Connectivity of Bacterial Communities in the Central Arctic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1035. [PMID: 29875749 PMCID: PMC5974969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In summer 2012, Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum and, as a consequence of the melting, large amounts of aggregated ice-algae sank to the seafloor at more than 4,000 m depth. In this study, we assessed the composition, turnover and connectivity of bacterial and microbial eukaryotic communities across Arctic habitats from sea ice, algal aggregates and surface waters to the seafloor. Eukaryotic communities were dominated by diatoms, dinoflagellates and other alveolates in all samples, and showed highest richness and diversity in sea-ice habitats (∼400-500 OTUs). Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the predominant bacterial classes across all investigated Arctic habitats. Bacterial community richness and diversity peaked in deep-sea samples (∼1,700 OTUs). Algal aggregate-associated bacterial communities were mainly recruited from the sea-ice community, and were transported to the seafloor with the sinking ice algae. The algal deposits at the seafloor had a unique community structure, with some shared sequences with both the original sea-ice community (22% OTU overlap), as well as with the deep-sea sediment community (17% OTU overlap). We conclude that ice-algal aggregate export does not only affect carbon export from the surface to the seafloor, but may change microbial community composition in central Arctic habitats with potential effects for benthic ecosystem functioning in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Z. Rapp
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Christina Bienhold
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanner K, Martí JM, Belliure J, Fernández-Méndez M, Molina-Menor E, Peretó J, Porcar M. Polar solar panels: Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes display similar taxonomic profiles. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:75-79. [PMID: 29194980 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Solar panels located on high (Arctic and Antarctic) latitudes combine the harshness of the climate with that of the solar exposure. We report here that these polar solar panels are inhabited by similar microbial communities in taxonomic terms, dominated by Hymenobacter spp., Sphingomonas spp. and Ascomycota. Our results suggest that solar panels, even on high latitudes, can shape a microbial ecosystem adapted to irradiation and desiccation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Tanner
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martí
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josabel Belliure
- Ecology Section, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Molina-Menor
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juli Peretó
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio, University of Valencia-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernández-Méndez M, Turk-Kubo KA, Buttigieg PL, Rapp JZ, Krumpen T, Zehr JP, Boetius A. Diazotroph Diversity in the Sea Ice, Melt Ponds, and Surface Waters of the Eurasian Basin of the Central Arctic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1884. [PMID: 27933047 PMCID: PMC5120112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian basin of the Central Arctic Ocean is nitrogen limited, but little is known about the presence and role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Recent studies have indicated the occurrence of diazotrophs in Arctic coastal waters potentially of riverine origin. Here, we investigated the presence of diazotrophs in ice and surface waters of the Central Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2012. We identified diverse communities of putative diazotrophs through targeted analysis of the nifH gene, which encodes the iron protein of the nitrogenase enzyme. We amplified 529 nifH sequences from 26 samples of Arctic melt ponds, sea ice and surface waters. These sequences resolved into 43 clusters at 92% amino acid sequence identity, most of which were non-cyanobacterial phylotypes from sea ice and water samples. One cyanobacterial phylotype related to Nodularia sp. was retrieved from sea ice, suggesting that this important functional group is rare in the Central Arctic Ocean. The diazotrophic community in sea-ice environments appear distinct from other cold-adapted diazotrophic communities, such as those present in the coastal Canadian Arctic, the Arctic tundra and glacial Antarctic lakes. Molecular fingerprinting of nifH and the intergenic spacer region of the rRNA operon revealed differences between the communities from river-influenced Laptev Sea waters and those from ice-related environments pointing toward a marine origin for sea-ice diazotrophs. Our results provide the first record of diazotrophs in the Central Arctic and suggest that microbial nitrogen fixation may occur north of 77°N. To assess the significance of nitrogen fixation for the nitrogen budget of the Arctic Ocean and to identify the active nitrogen fixers, further biogeochemical and molecular biological studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Fernández-Méndez
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| | - Kendra A Turk-Kubo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Pier L Buttigieg
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Josephine Z Rapp
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Krumpen
- Sea Ice Physics Section, Climate Sciences Department, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Zehr
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Antje Boetius
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee YJ, Matrai PA, Friedrichs MAM, Saba VS, Antoine D, Ardyna M, Asanuma I, Babin M, Bélanger S, Benoît-Gagné M, Devred E, Fernández-Méndez M, Gentili B, Hirawake T, Kang SH, Kameda T, Katlein C, Lee SH, Lee Z, Mélin F, Scardi M, Smyth TJ, Tang S, Turpie KR, Waters KJ, Westberry TK. An assessment of phytoplankton primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean from satellite ocean color/in situ chlorophyll- a based models. J Geophys Res Oceans 2015; 120:6508-6541. [PMID: 27668139 PMCID: PMC5014238 DOI: 10.1002/2015jc011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce integrated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed-layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to uncertainties in surface chlorophyll, generally performing better with in situ chlorophyll than with satellite-derived values. They were much less sensitive to uncertainties in PAR, SST, and MLD, possibly due to relatively narrow ranges of input data and/or relatively little difference between input data sources. Regardless of type or complexity, most of the models were not able to fully reproduce the variability of in situ NPP, whereas some of them exhibited almost no bias (i.e., reproduced the mean of in situ NPP). The models performed relatively well in low-productivity seasons as well as in sea ice-covered/deep-water regions. Depth-resolved models correlated more with in situ NPP than other model types, but had a greater tendency to overestimate mean NPP whereas absorption-based models exhibited the lowest bias associated with weaker correlation. The models performed better when a subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum (SCM) was absent. As a group, the models overestimated mean NPP, however this was partly offset by some models underestimating NPP when a SCM was present. Our study suggests that NPP models need to be carefully tuned for the Arctic Ocean because most of the models performing relatively well were those that used Arctic-relevant parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younjoo J Lee
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences East Boothbay Maine USA
| | | | - Marjorie A M Friedrichs
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary Gloucester Point Virginia USA
| | - Vincent S Saba
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - David Antoine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique Villefranche/mer France; Remote Sensing and Satellite Research Group, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Mathieu Ardyna
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory CNRS - Université Laval Québec Canada
| | - Ichio Asanuma
- Tokyo University of Information Sciences Chiba Japan
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory CNRS - Université Laval Québec Canada
| | - Simon Bélanger
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - Maxime Benoît-Gagné
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory CNRS - Université Laval Québec Canada
| | - Emmanuel Devred
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory CNRS - Université Laval Québec Canada
| | - Mar Fernández-Méndez
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Bernard Gentili
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique Villefranche/mer France
| | - Toru Hirawake
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Japan
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Takahiko Kameda
- Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency Nagasaki Japan
| | - Christian Katlein
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Sang H Lee
- Department of Oceanography Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongping Lee
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts-Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Frédéric Mélin
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability Ispra Italy
| | - Michele Scardi
- Department of Biology 'Tor Vergata' University Rome Italy
| | | | - Shilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Kevin R Turpie
- Baltimore County-Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kirk J Waters
- NOAA Office for Coastal Management Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Toby K Westberry
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boetius A, Albrecht S, Bakker K, Bienhold C, Felden J, Fernández-Méndez M, Hendricks S, Katlein C, Lalande C, Krumpen T, Nicolaus M, Peeken I, Rabe B, Rogacheva A, Rybakova E, Somavilla R, Wenzhöfer F. Export of algal biomass from the melting Arctic sea ice. Science 2013; 339:1430-2. [PMID: 23413190 DOI: 10.1126/science.1231346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the Arctic, under-ice primary production is limited to summer months and is restricted not only by ice thickness and snow cover but also by the stratification of the water column, which constrains nutrient supply for algal growth. Research Vessel Polarstern visited the ice-covered eastern-central basins between 82° to 89°N and 30° to 130°E in summer 2012, when Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. During this cruise, we observed a widespread deposition of ice algal biomass of on average 9 grams of carbon per square meter to the deep-sea floor of the central Arctic basins. Data from this cruise will contribute to assessing the effect of current climate change on Arctic productivity, biodiversity, and ecological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Boetius
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|