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Landim MG, Carneiro MLB, Joanitti GA, Anflor CTM, Marinho DD, Rodrigues JFB, de Sousa WJB, Fernandes DDO, Souza BF, Ombredane AS, do Nascimento JCF, Felice GDJ, Kubota AMA, Barbosa JSC, Ohno JH, Amoah SKS, Pena LJ, Luz GVDS, de Andrade LR, Pinheiro WO, Ribeiro BM, Formiga FR, Fook MVL, Rosa MFF, Peixoto HM, Luiz Carregaro R, Rosa SDSRF. A novel N95 respirator with chitosan nanoparticles: mechanical, antiviral, microbiological and cytotoxicity evaluations. Discov Nano 2023; 18:118. [PMID: 37733165 PMCID: PMC10514013 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that some sectors of hospitals have high bacteria and virus loads that can remain as aerosols in the air and represent a significant health threat for patients and mainly professionals that work in the place daily. Therefore, the need for a respirator able to improve the filtration barrier of N95 masks and even inactivating airborne virus and bacteria becomes apparent. Such a fact motivated the creation of a new N95 respirator which employs chitosan nanoparticles on its intermediate layer (SN95 + CNP). RESULTS The average chitosan nanoparticle size obtained was 165.20 ± 35.00 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.36 ± 0.03 and a zeta potential of 47.50 ± 1.70 mV. Mechanical tests demonstrate that the SN95 + CNP respirator is more resistant and meets the safety requisites of aerosol penetration, resistance to breath and flammability, presenting higher potential to filtrate microbial and viral particles when compared to conventional SN95 respirators. Furthermore, biological in vitro tests on bacteria, fungi and mammalian cell lines (HaCat, Vero E6 and CCL-81) corroborate the hypothesis that our SN95 + CNP respirator presents strong antimicrobial activity and is safe for human use. There was a reduction of 96.83% of the alphacoronavirus virus and 99% of H1N1 virus and MHV-3 betacoronavirus after 120 min of contact compared to the conventional respirator (SN95), demonstrating that SN95 + CNP have a relevant potential as personal protection equipment. CONCLUSIONS Due to chitosan nanotechnology, our novel N95 respirator presents improved mechanical, antimicrobial and antiviral characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Filipe Bacalhau Rodrigues
- Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Hideki Ohno
- MCI Ultrasonica LTDA, Av. Campinas, 367 - Arraial Paulista, Taboão da Serra, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solomon Kweku Sagoe Amoah
- Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook
- Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials (CERTBIO), University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
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Carvalho T, Landim MG, Lima MLD, Bittar C, Faria BCDAO, Rahal P, de Lima MCF, Junior VFDV, Joanitti GA, Calmon MF. Synthesis of copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) oil nanoemulsion and the potential against Zika virus: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283817. [PMID: 37676868 PMCID: PMC10484457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread all over the world since its major outbreak in 2015. This infection has been recognized as a major global health issue due to the neurological complications related to ZIKV infection, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Zika virus Congenital Syndrome. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments for ZIKV infection, which makes the development of specific therapies for its treatment very important. Several studies have been developed to analyze the potential of compounds against ZIKV, with the aim of finding new promising treatments. Herein, we evaluate the ability of a copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) oil nanoemulsion (CNE) to inhibit ZIKV. First, the highest non-cytotoxic concentration of 180 μg/mL was chosen since this concentration maintains 80% cell viability up to 96h after treatment with CNE in VERO cells resulted from MTT assay. The intracellular uptake assay was performed, and confirmed the internalization of the nanoemulsion in cells at all times analyzed. VERO cells were infected with ZIKV and simultaneously treated with CNE and the nanoformulation without oil (ENE) at the highest non-toxic concentration. The results evaluated by plaque assay revealed a viral inhibition of 80% for CNE and 70% for ENE. A dose-dependence assay revealed that the CNE treatment demonstrated a dose-dependent response in the viral RNA levels, whereas all ENE tested concentrations exhibited a similar degree of reduction. Taken together, our results suggest CNE as a promising nano-sized platform to be further studied for antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Carvalho
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcela Guimarães Landim
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário – Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Duarte Lima
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Carvalho de Araújo Oliveira Faria
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário – Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Graziella Anselmo Joanitti
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário – Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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