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de Mendonça Ochs S, Souza TM, Sobrinho RDL, de Oliveira RB, Bernardes MC, Netto ADP. Simultaneous evaluation of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles and benzenesulfonamides in water samples from the impacted urban Jacarepaguá Lagoon System (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:160033. [PMID: 36356777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzenesulfonamides are emerging pollutants stable in aquatic media emitted by anthropogenic sources. Selected compounds of these classes were evaluated in the impacted urban Jacarepaguá Lagoon System (JLS) located in a tropical coastal region of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil that has experienced a rapid expansion of urban occupation and environmental degradation in recent decades, and it represents a pioneering study of these compounds carried out in Brazilian areas. A method of solid phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass-spectrometry was implemented to evaluate water samples collected in different water bodies (rivers, lagoons, and channels) of the JLS from March 2017 to May 2018. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ≤ 10.0 ng L-1, method linearity up to 1000 μg L-1, and recoveries between 62 and 121 % at three different levels were obtained. Individual concentrations varied from < LOQ to 5260 ng L-1 (benzotriazole, in May 2018) which also predominated in all river samples. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole predominated in samples taken in lagoons and channels in March 2017, and 2-aminobenzothiazole was never detected. River samples showed total concentrations up to 30 times larger in all sampling campaigns, except March 2017 when the sample taken at Tijuca Lagoon showed the largest total concentration of the compounds studied due to the largest concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2505 ng L-1) found in this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) using only composition data was unable to distinguish samples from rivers, and lagoons and channels, but a PCA combining composition data and environmental parameters (pH, Eh, dissolved O2 concentration, temperature, salinity, and conductivity) discriminated the samples according to two groups: rivers and lagoons and channels. The Joá Channel flows directly to the open sea and our data allowed a (preliminary) estimation of the total mass flows of the studied compounds to the open sea, which would vary between 1702 g day-1 (March 2017) to 106 g day-1 (May 2018) and allowed a preliminary estimative based on the geometric mean of input of 87.9 kg year-1, indicating the importance of the drainage area to the contamination of the coastal area, and consequently to ocean pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya de Mendonça Ochs
- FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - INCQS, Departamento de Química, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Thallis Martins Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; FIOCRUZ, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Departamento de Controle de Qualidade, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Sobrinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B de Oliveira
- INMETRO, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, CEP: 25250-020, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Polícia Federal, Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, SAIS Quadra 07 Lote 23, Setor Policial Sul, CEP 70610-902, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Corrêa Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química (PPGQ), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição (PPGAN), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Pasteur, 296, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22290-240, Brazil.
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Vidal LO, Lambert T, Cotovicz LC, Bernardes MC, Sobrinho R, Thompson F, Garcia GD, Knoppers BA, Gatts PV, Régis CR, Abril G, Rezende CE. Seasonal and diel modulation of DOM in a mangrove-dominated estuary. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159045. [PMID: 36181816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rivers and estuaries are the main links between continents and oceans. The Paraíba do Sul River is among the most important rivers of the southeastern Brazilian region, carrying an average of 0.08 Tg of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean but has been facing significant changes in river discharge. In this study, we aimed to provide insights into the sources and transformations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) sources across a salinity gradient under changing river discharge scenarios. Three spatial surveys were performed covering the entire salinity gradient of the main estuarine channel and surrounding mangrove waters under contrasting river discharge (178 to 1240 m3 s-1), and diel sampling was conducted in the mangrove tidal creek. The characterization of DOM through the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model identified six components across the river-ocean gradient and mangrove creek: terrestrial origin (C1 - fulvic acid and C2 and C3 - humic-like), protein-like (C4), tryptophan-like (C5), and tyrosine-like (C6). Our results showed a shift in DOM composition and contribution along the salinity gradient, from terrestrial (C3) to autochthonous (C5 and C6) signatures. The October-17 dry campaign was characterized by a higher proportion of microbial protein-like component C4 and a lower contribution of humic-like components compared to February-17 and March-18 across the salinity gradient with an increase in the mixing zone. The DOM compositions of the February 17 dry and March 18 wet campaigns were similar. Additionally, the March-18 wet campaign, marked by the highest river discharge, showed higher inputs of terrestrial DOM (C1-C3 components) compared to February-17 in the estuary, which allowed DOM to be transported rather than transformed. The mangrove diel study showed that tidal fluctuations are also an important driver of carbon input to the mangrove creek with a possible impact on DOM composition in estuarine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Vidal
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - T Lambert
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L C Cotovicz
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemunde, Germany; Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M C Bernardes
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Sobrinho
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Thompson
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G D Garcia
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B A Knoppers
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P V Gatts
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - C R Régis
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Abril
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - C E Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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de Lima Sobrinho R, da Costa Peçanha G, Martins de Souza T, Cotovicz Junior LC, Vidal LO, Duarte Pereira Netto A, Corrêa Bernardes M. Evaluation of urban pollution in a tropical lacustrine ecosystem by using n-alkanes and sterols as biomarkers. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120567. [PMID: 36370972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Jacarepaguá Lagoon System (JLS) receives industrial and domestic waste in an urban area with high population density and intense economic activity. The hydrography of the lagoons favours the sedimentation of particulate material transferred from the drainage basin. Water engineering, such as channel dredging and subsea outfall, did not satisfactorily mitigate pollution effects. Therefore, the environment is highly eutrophic, presents frequent blooms of algae and generates high emissions of greenhouse gases. There is no record in the literature on the analysis of organic compounds in the water compartment. The present work applies sterols as biomarkers to quantify the degree of pollution caused by biogenic compounds in riverine and lacustrine water of the JLS. n-Alkanes were applied to estimate the fractions of petrogenic contaminants. The sums of n-alkanes and sterols analysed had average concentrations of 21 ± 20 μg L-1 and 10 ± 8 μg L-1, respectively, in the river samples and 235 ± 156 μg L-1 and 30 ± 28 μg L-1, respectively, in the lagoon samples. The work also showed that the organic compounds inside the lagoons are evenly distributed, and approximately 7% of them are transferred to the marine ecosystem. Biogenic biomarkers and the absolute concentrations of sterols showed that sewage contaminants transferred by the rivers are partially decomposed in the lagoons. The correlations between indices and physicochemical parameters indicated that the degradation of organic compounds in the lagoons occurs mainly in the sediment compartment under anoxic conditions. The indices for sewage indicate that the ecosystem has exceeded its carrying capacity. The indices based on n-alkanes reported strong contamination at all sampling stations and inferred that 75-100% of these compounds were derived from petrogenic sources. These indices did not show any difference between rivers and the lagoon, which demonstrates the resilience of these compounds in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Lima Sobrinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel da Costa Peçanha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thallis Martins de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany; Instituto de Ciências do Lar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luciana Oliveira Vidal
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Corrêa Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Bernardes MC, Knoppers BA, Rezende CE, Souza WFL, Ovalle ARC. Land-sea interface features of four estuaries on the South America Atlantic coast. BRAZ J BIOL 2013; 72:761-74. [PMID: 23011302 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian coastal zone extends from 4º N to 34º S latitude and because of its long extension, the interface zone from continent to ocean includes a high diversity of geomorphologic and oceanographic characteristics. The rivers from the Northeast and East regions are marked by a typical unimodal seasonal flux patterns but with different amplitudes. As the climate indicates, the rivers from the Northeast are subject to an accentuated seasonal variability with an elevated input and flood pulses during the rainy season and low to negligible fluxes during the dry season. Small-scale rivers usually present typical torrential behaviour. In the humid eastern region, the unimodal seasonal cycle is dampened with a more constant input supply. Recently, some studies have shown that the material supply from rivers along the Northeast and Eastern coasts is diluted by surface tropical waters of oceanic currents and that the estuarine plume dispersal is restricted to a narrow coastal belt. However, human impacts of course mask or even override both natural hydrological cycles and CO2 emissions from terrestrial biomes, or depending on the nature of the human impact, can even increase extreme events. Henceforth this contribution addresses the typological, hydrological and biome diversity of the four estuarine systems fed and affected by the respective Amazon, São Francisco, Paraíba do Sul and Plata watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Guerra LV, Savergnini F, Silva FS, Bernardes MC, Crapez MAC. Biochemical and microbiological tools for the evaluation of environmental quality of a coastal lagoon system in Southern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2011; 71:461-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842011000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of surface water of the Maricá Lagoon System through physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological parameters, in order to assess its environmental quality. Marine influence over the system was evidenced by the salinity and temperature gradients, where the most distant point, in Maricá Lagoon, presented the largest protein, lipid and biopolymeric carbon concentrations. Biopolymers, with predominance of lipids, presented a pattern that differs from the literature for coastal sediments. The concentration of thermotolerant coliforms characterised Maricá Lagoon and Boqueirão Channel as unfit for bathing (60.0 and 66.3 cells.mL-1, respectively). The bacterioplankton in the system proved to be predominantly heterotrophic, a consumer of organic matter, with fermentative, denitrifying and sulfate-reducing metabolism. No esterase enzyme activity was detected, despite the presence of active metabolism, measured by the electron transport system (average of 0.025 µgO2.h-1.mL-1). The bacterial biomass (autotrophic, heterotrophic and coliforms), bacterial respiratory activity and biopolymer parameters evinced a spatial degradation pattern in the Maricá Lagoon System, where the points with less water renewal are the most impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- LV Guerra
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense
| | - F Savergnini
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense
| | - FS Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
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