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Ko PP, Suzuki K, Canales-Ramos M, Aung MPPTHH, Htike WW, Yoshida A, Montes M, Morishita K, Gotuzzo E, Maruyama H, Nagayasu E. Phylogenetic relationships of Strongyloides species in carnivore hosts. Parasitol Int 2020; 78:102151. [PMID: 32502520 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic nematode and a major pathogen responsible for human strongyloidiasis. The presence of this species in the dog population has led to an interest in studying the phylogenetic relationships among Strongyloides spp. in carnivore hosts. In the present study, Strongyloides spp. from various carnivore hosts (raccoon, Japanese badger, Siberian weasel, raccoon dog, masked palm civet, and domestic cat) were sought. Except for civets, Strongyloides spp. were identified in all host species. Based on 18S rDNA sequences, nine OTUs (operational taxonomy units) were identified. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using 18S28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) sequences clustered them into two groups. The first group (named the stercoralis/procyonis group) was comprised of six OTUs and occurred in cats, raccoon dogs, raccoons (S. procyonis), Siberian weasels, and Japanese badgers and included S. stercoralis from humans and dogs. The second group (named the planiceps group) was made up of Strongyloides spp. from raccoon dogs (two OTUs) and one OTU from Siberian weasels. Subsequent analysis using almost the full-length nucleotide sequences of protein-coding genes in their mitochondrial genomes placed Strongyloides spp. of cats in a sister taxon position to S. stercoralis, whereas S. procyonis from raccoons was more distantly related to them. The presence of Strongyloides spp. from various carnivore hosts, which are close relatives of S. stercoralis, suggests this group of Strongyloides (the stercoralis/procyonis group) essentially evolved as parasites of carnivores, although more data on Strongyloides spp. from primate hosts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoo Pwint Ko
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 1, No. 245, Myoma Kyaung Street, Lanmadaw Township, Yangon, Myanmar.
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Hikiiwa Park Center, 1629 Inari-cho, Tanabe, Wakayama 646-0051, Japan.
| | - Marco Canales-Ramos
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima 15102, Peru.
| | | | - Wah Win Htike
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 1, No. 245, Myoma Kyaung Street, Lanmadaw Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Martin Montes
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima 15102, Peru.
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima 15102, Peru.
| | - Haruhiko Maruyama
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Eiji Nagayasu
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Bautista M, Bonatti TR, Fiuza VRDS, Terashima A, Canales-Ramos M, José J, Franco RMB. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw water samples from the Rímac River, Peru. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11454-11467. [PMID: 29423699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Giardia and Cryptosporidium are potentially pathogenic protozoa which are ubiquitous in ambient surface water. The present study included 60 samples of surface water from three sampling sites from the Rímac River, Lima and Callao, Peru, to detect the occurrence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. and to perform molecular characterization of specimens found. Water samples were concentrated using the membrane filtration technique, and following elution, cysts and oocysts were visualized by direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA). For molecular characterization, tpi and bg gene fragments and 18S rRNA were amplified by nested PCR for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, respectively, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Giardia cysts were found in 93.3% of the analyzed samples, whereas Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 15%. The positivity of the Giardia cysts was 86.6% (n = 26) in 2014, while Cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected. In 2015, both protozoa were found in raw water samples, with all 30 samples collected positive for Giardia cysts (100.0%) and 9 positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts (30.0%). Oocysts were detected in 20.0% of water samples from sites 1 (mean 5.25 oocysts/L) and 2 (mean 52.3 oocysts/L), while at site 3, oocysts were detected in 50.0% of raw water samples (mean 193.6 oocysts/L). The presence of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A was confirmed in several samples by the phylogenetic positioning of the bg and tpi genes, and the sub-assemblage AII was predominant (8/9). Sequencing for Cryptosporidium resulted in profiles compatible with Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, and Cryptosporidium baileyi. This is the first time that the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage A/sub-assemblage AII and Cryptosporidium species has been reported in surface water samples in Peru. These Cryptosporidium species and the Giardia duodenalis assemblage are associated with human disease which highlights the potential risk to public health and the need to increase environmental monitoring measures to protect this water body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meylin Bautista
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taís Rondello Bonatti
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo da S Fiuza
- Oxidative Processes Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelica Terashima
- Parasitology Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Marco Canales-Ramos
- Parasitology Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juliana José
- Laboratory of Genomics and Expression (LGE), Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Maura Bueno Franco
- Protozoology Laboratory, Animal Biology Department, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, n° 255, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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